View source for Calder (1821 ship)

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2017}}
{| {{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
| Ship image = 
| Ship caption = 
}}
{{Infobox ship career
| Hide header=title
| Ship country=United Kingdom
| Ship flag={{shipboxflag|United Kingdom|civil}}
| Ship name = ''Calder''
| Ship namesake = 
| Ship owner = *Originally: Barretto & Sons<ref>''East-India register and directory'' (1824), p.152.</ref>
*1822:[[Peter Dillon]]
| Ship operator = 
| Ship ordered = 
| Ship builder = J. Vigneron & Co., [[Howrah]]{{sfnp|Phipps|1840|p=110}}
| Ship original cost = 
| Ship laid down = 
| Ship launched = 31 October 1821{{sfnp|Phipps|1840|p=110}}
| Ship acquired = 
| Ship commissioned = 
| Ship decommissioned = 
| Ship in service = 
| Ship out of service = 
| Ship renamed = 
| Ship struck = 
| Ship reinstated = 
| Ship honours = 
| Ship honors = 
| Ship captured = 
| Ship fate = Wrecked 1825
 
| Ship notes = 
}}
{{Infobox ship career
| Hide header=title
| Ship country=Chile
| Ship flag=[[File:Naval Jack of Chile.svg|40px|Chilean Ensign]]
| Ship name = ''Indefatigable''
| Ship namesake = 
| Ship owner = James Duncan
| Ship operator = 
| Ship ordered = 
| Ship builder = 
| Ship original cost = 
| Ship laid down = 
| Ship launched = 
| Ship acquired = By purchase of a wreck
| Ship commissioned = 
| Ship decommissioned = 
| Ship in service = 
| Ship out of service = 
| Ship renamed = 
| Ship struck = 
| Ship reinstated = 
| Ship honours = 
| Ship honors = 
| Ship captured = 
| Ship fate = Mutiny 1828
| Ship notes = 
}}
{{Infobox ship career
| Hide header=title
| Ship country=Spain
| Ship flag=[[File:Flag of Spain (1785-1873 and 1875-1931).svg|40px|Spain]]
| Ship name = 
| Ship namesake = 
| Ship owner = 
| Ship operator = 
| Ship ordered = 
| Ship builder = 
| Ship original cost = 
| Ship laid down = 
| Ship launched = 
| Ship acquired = By purchase of a prize
| Ship commissioned = 
| Ship decommissioned = 
| Ship in service = 
| Ship out of service = 
| Ship renamed = 
| Ship struck = 
| Ship reinstated = 
| Ship honours = 
| Ship honors = 
| Ship captured = 
| Ship fate = Lost in a typhoon
| Ship notes = 
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
| Hide header = 
| Header caption = 
| Ship class = 
| Ship tons burthen=190{{sfnp|Phipps|1840|p=110}} ([[Builder's Old Measurement|bm]])
| Ship length =
| Ship beam =
| Ship draught = 
| Ship draft = 
| Ship hold depth =
| Ship propulsion = 
| Ship sail plan = 
| Ship complement =
| Ship armament =
| Ship notes =
}}
|}

'''''Calder''''' was a brig launched in 1821 at [[Kolkatta|Calcutta]]. A new owner in 1822 sailed her to Australia and she then traded in the Pacific until in 1825 she sailed to Chile and was wrecked at Valparaiso. There a new owner salvaged her and returned her to sailing under the name ''Indefatigable''. On ''Indefatigable''{{'}}s first voyage the Chilean members of her crew mutinied, killing her captain. The mutineers sailed to Guam where the authorities took ''Indefatigable'' in [[Prize (law)|prize]]. She was later lost in a typhoon in the China Sea.

==As ''Calder''==
Peter Dillon purchased ''Calder'' in 1822. In July he sailed her to [[Hobart]] Town via Acheh with cargo and four prisoners, and arriving on 28 September. Then on 22 November she stopped at [[Port Jackson]], where she landed her four prisoners.

'''Grounding:''' In January 1823 Dillon sent ''Calder'' to [[Newcastle, New South Wales|Coal River]] under the command of his Chief Mate, William Worth, to bring back logs. On 24 January ''Calder'' was driven ran aground on a reef off [[Nobbys Island]]. Dillon sailed to her assistance in the brig ''Fame''.<ref>[https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/2181618 ''Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser'' Thu 6 Feb 1823, p.1, "WRECK OF THE BRIG CALDER".]</ref>  ''Lloyd's List'' reported that part of her cargo was saved,<ref>[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.c2735033?urlappend=%3Bseq=234 ''Lloyd's List'' №5821.]</ref> though apparently she was in ballast. A few days later she was gotten off with some damage.<ref>[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.c2735033?urlappend=%3Bseq=237 ''Lloyd's List'' №5822.]</ref>

In August 1823 Dillon and ''Calder'' were at new Zealand.{{sfnp|Dillon|1829|pp=197-8}}

''Calder'', again visited Sandal Wood Bay (Bua Bay) in late December 1824, searching for [[sandalwood]], only to find the area had been stripped of it two years earlier, and he was able to gather only about 500 pounds. Before he sailed away, Dillon left [[David Whippey]] with Vunivalu (Chief) [[Turaga na Rasau#The reign of Naulivou|Naulivou]] at [[Bau (island)|Bau]]. Whippey was to gather [[Sea cucumber as food|beche de mer]] for ''Calder''{{'}}s return; ''Calder'' then sailed in January 1825, never to return.{{sfnp|Wallis|1994|pp=xviii-xix}} Dillon sailed via Resolution Bay at [[Tanna (island)|Tanna]], in the [[Vanuatu|New Hebrides]].{{sfnp|Wharton|2017}}

'''Loss:''' ''Calder'' arrived back at [[Port Jackson]] on 25 February 1825. Dillon sailed ''Calder'' on 19 March for Chile and arrived at Valparaiso on 3 or 4 May. About a month later a gale developed that drove both the Chilean frigate [[Esmeralda (1791)|''Valdivia'']] (ex-''Esmeralda'') and the Chilean merchantman ''Valparaiso'' on shore. As ''Valparaiso'' was blown towards shore, her anchor hooked and broke ''Calder''{{'}}s chains, with the result that ''Calder'' too wrecked on shore.{{sfnp|Bateson | Loney|1972|p=70}} ''[[Lloyd's List]]'' reported that ''Calder'' and ''Valparaiso'' had wrecked on 10 June 1825 at Valparaiso.<ref>[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.c2735035?urlappend=%3Bseq=321 ''Lloyd's List'' №6052.]</ref> ''Calder''{{'}}s hulk was then auctioned off to the highest bidder.{{efn|George Bayly, who shipped on board ''Calder'', has an autobiographical account of the voyage to Valparaiso, and her loss.{{sfnp|Bayly|1885|p=75-104}}}}

==''Indefatigable'' & mutiny==
By 1828 the vessel that had been ''Calder'' was under the ownership of John Duncan, an English merchant at Valparaiso, He named her ''Indefatigable'' and appointed Joseph Hunter as her master. On 11 June she sailed from [[Concepción, Chile]], for Australia with 2500 [[fanega]]s (Spanish bushels) of wheat, 60 fanegas of walnuts, and three  "donkie_". The crew, in addition to the captain, consisted of two European officers and two or three seamen, and a Bengali steward who had sailed with the captain for many years, and half a dozen or more Chilenos recruited shortly before ''Indefatigable'' left harbour. Reportedly, the Chilenos resented the discipline on the ship and within a week of her departure were plotting mutiny.{{sfnp|Becke|1901}}

On 22 July 1828 was at {{coord|17|13|S|127|51|E}},<ref name=Trove/> about 600 miles from the [[Tuamotus|Paumotu Group]]. During the mutiny the mutineers killed the captain and wounded the two mates and the steward. They kept Loftgreen (or Loftgren; the First Mate), to navigate ''Indefatigable'' and put Mr. Todd (the Second Mate), the carpenter, a Swedish sailor, and the steward in the ship's long boat that they provisioned with food and water for two weeks, and sent her off. Loftgreen had communicated to Todd that Todd should steer for Tahiti while he made for Manila, which he believed was the mutineer's destination, and possibly recapture the vessel with the help of the cook and another seaman, should the opportunity arise.{{sfnp|Becke|1901}}

The Second Mate and the three other men reached [[Tauere|Tawere Island]] in the Archipleago on 7 August. They stayed there for about 24 hours and were able to reprovision. On 15 August a sudden squall cost them their compass and damaged the boat and mast. Still, that evening they reached [[Anaa]]. They stayed there two days and on the 20th they reached Tahiti. The locals imprisoned them, believing that they were escaped convicts that had recently visited the islands and conducted depredations after having been treated hospitably. Fortuitously the ship {{ship||Tiger|1813 ship|2}}, Captain Richards, was in port. ''Tiger'' and ''Indefatigable'' had been at Concepción at the same time and the officers had met. Richards vouched for the men and the natives released them.{{sfnp|Becke|1901}} ''Tiger'' brought the crew members she had rescued to Port Jackson around 24 September.<ref>[https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/2191096/496957 ''Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser'' Wed 24 Sep 1828, p.3., "LOSS OF THE SHIP SARACEN, AND THE CHILIAN BRIG INDEFATIGABLE, LATE ENGLISH BRIG CALDER."]</ref>

The mutineers ordered Loftgreen to steer to Guam, not realizing that Spain had actually occupied the island. The mutineers' naive plan was to sell ''Indefatigable'' to the islanders and then settle on some Pacific island where they would live "eating, drinking, sleeping, and keeping an extensive harem".{{sfnp|Becke|1901}} ''Indefatigable'' arrived at Guam on 12 December. Throughout the voyage Loftgreen, who understood Spanish, had to listen to the mutineers debating if and when they should kill him.{{sfnp|Becke|1901}}

When the mutineers arrived at Guam the Spanish governor arrested them. The British frigate {{HMS|Rainbow|1823|6}} happened to arrive at [[Apra Harbor|San Luis d'Apra]] shortly thereafter. She took Loftgreen and the mutineers to Manila, where they arrived on 9 or 19 January 1829.{{sfnp|Becke|1901}}

The trial in Manila lasted from end-January to end-March as the court only convened for two hours a day, with frequent 2-3 day adjournments. The court found all six mutineers guilty of murder.<ref name=Trove/> They were then [[garrotte]]d,{{sfnp|Becke|1901}} or hanged.{{sfnp|Jeffrey|1900|pp=277-83}} Eventually Loftgreen was able to secure passage to Macao, and from there to Sydney on board ''Nimrod''.<ref name=Trove>[https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/2192801 ''Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser'' Thu 2 Jul 1829, P.3, "THE BRIG INDEFATIGABLE".]</ref>

==Fate==
The Spanish government condemned ''Indefatigable'' as a [[Prize (law)|prize]] to the government.{{sfnp|Jeffrey|1900|pp=277-83}} She was later lost in a typhoon in the China Sea.

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==Citations==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* {{cite book |last1=Bateson |first1=Charles |first2=Jack Kenneth |last2=Loney |year=1972 |title=Australian Shipwrecks: 1622-1850 |publisher=A. H. & A. W. Reed}}
* {{cite book |last=Bayly |first=George |year=1885 |title=Sea-life Sixty Years Ago: A Record of Adventures which Led Up to the Discovery of the Relics of the Long-missing Expedition Commanded by the Comte de La Perouse |publisher=K. Paul, Trench & Company}}
* {{cite book |last=Becke |first=Louis |year=1901 |title=The Tapu Of Banderah and Other Stories |chapter=The South Seaman: An incident in the sea story of Australia |publisher=C. Arthur Pearson}}
* {{cite book |last=Dillon |first= Peter |year=1829 |title=Narrative and successful result of a voyage in the South Seas: performed by order of the government of British India, to ascertain the actual fate of La Pérouse's expedition, Volume 1 |publisher=Hurst, Chance}}
* {{cite book |last=Jeffrey |first=Walter |year=1900 |title=A Century of Our Sea Story |publisher=J. Murray }}  
* {{cite book|last=Phipps|first=John|year=1840|title=A Collection of Papers Relative to Ship Building in India ...: Also a Register Comprehending All the Ships ... Built in India to the Present Time ...|publisher=Scott}}
* {{cite book |last=Wallis |first= Mary Davis |year=1994 |title=The Fiji and New Caledonia Journals of Mary Wallis, 1851-1853}}.
* {{cite book |last=Wharton |first= Leonard C. |year=2017 |title=The Journal of William Lockerby, Sandalwood Trader in the Fijian Islands during the Years 1808-1809: With an Introduction and Other Papers connected with the Earliest European Visitors to the Islands |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9781317026679}}

{{1825 shipwrecks}}
{{1828 shipwrecks}}

[[Category:1821 ships]]
[[Category:British ships built in India]]
[[Category:Age of Sail merchant ships of England]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in June 1825]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in July 1828]]
[[Category:Mutinies]]