Cook Mountains
| ins | |
|---|---|
ins | |
| Highest point | |
| Peak | Mount Albert Markham |
| Geography | |
| Continent | Antarctica |
| Range coordinates | 79°25′S 158°00′E / 79.417°S 158.000°E |
| Parent range | Transantarctic Mountains |
The Cook Mountains (79°25′S 158°00′E / 79.417°S 158.000°E) is a group of mountains bounded by the Mulock and Darwin glaciers in Antarctica.
Early exploration and naming
Parts of the group were first viewed from the Ross Ice Shelf by the British National Antarctic Expedition (BrNAE) of 1901–04. Additional portions of these mountains were mapped by a New Zealand party of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition (CTAE) of 1956–58, and they were completely mapped by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) from tellurometer surveys and US Navy air photos, 1959–63. Named by the NZ-APC for Captain James Cook.[1]
Location
The Cook Mountains are bounded by the Darwin Glacier to the south, which separates the range from the Darwin Mountains. The Ross Ice Shelf lies to the east and the Mullock Glacier to the north, which separates it from the Worcester Range.[2]
Glaciers
Glaciers leaving the mountains, clockwise from the north, are:
Heap Glacier
79°03′S 159°20′E / 79.050°S 159.333°E. Glacier 10 miles (16 km) long flowing northeastward to Mulock Glacier, to the east of Henry Mesa. Mapped by the USGS from tellurometer surveys and Navy air photos, 1959-63. Named by US-AC AN for John A. Heap, a member of the University of Michigan-Ross Ice Shelf Studies party, 1962-63.[3]
Bertoglio Glacier
79°18′S 160°20′E / 79.300°S 160.333°E. Glacier 7 miles (11 km) long, flowing from the Conway Range eastward between Cape Lankester and Hoffman Point to the Ross Ice Shelf. Mapped by the USGS from tellurometer surveys and Navy air photos, 1959-63. Named by US-ACAN for Cdr. Lloyd W. Bertoglio, USN, commander of the McMurdo Station winter party, 1960.[4]
Carlyon Glacier
79°34′S 159°50′E / 79.567°S 159.833°E. A large glacier which flows east-south-east from the névé east of Mill Mountain to the Ross Ice Shelf at Cape Murray. Mapped in 1958 by the Darwin Glacier party of the CTAE (1956-58). Named by the NZ-APC for R.A. Carlyon, who with H.H. Ayres, made up the party.[5]
Bartrum Glacier
79°44′S 158°44′E / 79.733°S 158.733°E. A small steeply crevassed glacier in the Brown Hills, flowing west between Bowling Green Plateau and Blank Peaks. Mapped by the VUWAE (1962-63). Named after J.A. Bartrum (1885-1949), Professor of Geology at the University of Auckland, New Zealand.[6]
Foggydog Glacier
79°47′S 158°40′E / 79.783°S 158.667°E A glacier between Blank Peaks and Mount Rich in the Brown Hills. Mapped by the VUWAE (1962-63) and so named because in plan the glacier is shaped like the head and neck of a dog, with a moraine suggesting a collar and a glacial lake in the position of the ears. Fog accumulated regularly over the glacier.[7]
Diamond Glacier
79°51′S 159°00′E / 79.850°S 159.000°E. A small distributary glacier of the Darwin Glacier, flowing east-north-east into the narrow valley on the north side of Diamond Hill. Mapped by the VUWAE (1962-63) and named after Diamond Hill.[8]
Touchdown Glacier
79°48′S 158°10′E / 79.800°S 158.167°E. A tributary of Darwin Glacier, flowing south between Roadend Nunatak and the Brown Hills. Mapped by the VUWAE (1962-63) and so named because the glacier was used as a landing site for aircraft supporting the expedition.[9]
McCleary Glacier
79°33′S 156°50′E / 79.550°S 156.833°E. A broad glacier about 10 miles (16 km) long, draining southward into Darwin Glacier just west of Tentacle Ridge. Mapped by the USGS from tellurometer surveys and Navy air photos, 1959-63. Named by US-ACAN for George McCleary, public information officer on the staff of the U.S. Antarctic Projects Officer (1959-61), whose labors helped to start the Bulletin of the USAPO.[10]
Southeast massif features
The southeast massif extends southwest from Carlyon Glacier to Darwin Glacier. The Ross Ice Shelf is to the East. Feature, from south to north, are:
Roadend Nunatak
Brown Hills
79°46′S 158°33′E / 79.767°S 158.550°E. A group of mainly snow-free hills in the Cook Mountains, lying north of the lower reaches of Darwin Glacier. Named for their color by the Darwin Glacier Party of the CTAE (1956-58).[11]
Bastion Hill
Diamond Hill
Blank Peaks
Dot Peak
Cooper Nunatak
Goorkha Craters
Bowling Green Plateau
79°42′S 158°36′E / 79.700°S 158.600°E. A small but prominent ice-covered plateau at the north side of the Brown Hills in the Cook Mountains. Named by the VUWAE (1962-63). Prof. Charles C. Rich, geologist and deputy leader of the VUWAE, was affiliated with Bowling Green State University, Ohio.[12]
Wright Hill
79°42′S 158°46′E / 79.700°S 158.767°E. A large flat-topped hill at the east side of Bowling Green Plateau in the Cook Mountains. Mapped by the Darwin Glacier Party of the CTAE (1956-58). Named after D. Wright, a member of the CTAE who accompanied Sir Edmund Hillary to the South Pole.[13]
Reeves Bluffs
79°36′S 158°40′E / 79.600°S 158.667°E. A line of east-facing rock bluffs, 8 miles (13 km) long, situated 15 miles (24 km) west of Cape Murray in the Cook Mountains. Discovered by the BrNAE (1901-04) under Capt. Robert F. Scott, who gave the name "Mount Reeves," after Edward A. Reeves, Map Curator to the Royal Geographical Society, to a summit along this bluff. The bluff was mapped in detail by USGS from surveys and U.S. Navy aerial photography (1959-63). Since a prominent mountain does not rise from the bluffs, and because the name Mount Reeves is in use elsewhere in Antarctica, the US-ACAN (1965) recommended that the original name be amended and that the entire line of bluffs be designated as Reeves Bluffs. Not: Mount Reeves.[14]
Cheney Bluff
Fontaine Bluff
Conway Range
79°16′S 159°30′E / 79.267°S 159.500°E. A range in the Cook Mountains between Mulock and Carlyon Glaciers. The range was discovered by the BrNAE (1901-04), but the name appears to be first used in the reports of the BrAE (1907-09).[15]
Features include:
Festive Plateau
79°24′S 157°30′E / 79.400°S 157.500°E. An ice-covered plateau over 2,200 metres (7,200 ft) high, about 10 by 3 miles (16.1 by 4.8 km), just north of Mount Longhurst in the Cook[a] Mountains. Named by two members of the Darwin Glacier Party of the CTAE (1956-58) who spent Christmas Day 1957 on the plateau.[16]
Mill Mountain
79°26′S 157°52′E / 79.433°S 157.867°E. A large flat-topped mountain (2,730 m) forming the eastern end of Festive Plateau in the Cook Mountains. This mountain was probably sighted by the BrNAE (1901-04) under Capt. Robert F. Scott, who gave the name "Mount Mill," after British Antarctic historian Hugh Robert Mill, to a summit in nearby Reeves Bluffs. This area was mapped by USGS from surveys and U.S. Navy photography (1959-63). A prominent mountain does not rise from the bluffs, and since the name Mount Mill is in use elsewhere in Antarctica, the US-ACAN (1965) altered the original name to Mill Mountain and applied it to the prominent mountain described.[18]
Mount Gniewek
Mount Chalmers
Mount Willis
Hoffman Point
79°20′S 160°30′E / 79.333°S 160.500°E. An ice-covered coastal point at the south side of the mouth of Bertoglio Glacier, where the latter flows into Ross Ice Shelf. Mapped by the USGS from tellurometer surveys and Navy air photos, 1959-63. Named by US-ACAN for Cdr. G.L. Hoffman, CEC, USN, commander of Mobile Construction Battalion Eight at McMurdo Station in USN OpDFrz 1964.[19]
Cape Lankester
Mount Keltie
Olson Peaks
Anthony Bluff
Western Features
Mount Ayres
79°20′S 156°28′E / 79.333°S 156.467°E. A prominent mountain, 2,500 metres (8,200 ft) high, lying 10 miles (16 km) south of the west end of the Finger Ridges in the Cook Mountains. Climbed in December 1957 by the Darwin Glacier Party of the CTAE (1956-58). Named for H.H. Ayres, one of the two men comprising the Darwin Glacier Party.[20]
Butcher Ridge
79°12′S 155°48′E / 79.200°S 155.800°E. A large, mainly ice-free ridge near the polar plateau in the west part of the Cook Mountains. The ridge is in the form of an arc, extending northwest from Mount Ayres. Named by US-ACAN for Cdr. H.K. Butcher, USN, air operations officer on the Staff of the U.S. Naval Support Force, Antarctica, during USN OpDFrz 1963 and 1964.[21]
Fault Bluff
79°18′S 157°40′E / 79.300°S 157.667°E. A notable rock bluff. 2,320 metres (7,610 ft) high, situated 9 miles (14 km) northeast of Mount Longhurst in the Cook Mountains. }The feature was visited in the 1957-58 season by members of the Darwin Glacier Party of the CTAE, 1956-58. They applied the name which presumably refers to a geological fault at the bluff.[22]
Finger Ridges
79°11′S 157°00′E / 79.183°S 157.000°E. Several mainly ice-free ridges and spurs extending over a distance of about 12 miles (19 km), east-west, in the northwest part of the Cook Mountains. The individual ridges are 1 to 2 miles (1.6 to 3.2 km) long and project northward from the higher main ridge. Mapped by the USGS from tellurometer surveys and Navy air photos, 1959-63. The descriptive name was given by the US-ACAN.[23]
Mount Gudmundson
79°13′S 157°51′E / 79.217°S 157.850°E. A mainly ice-free mountain, 2,040 m, standing 6 miles (9.7 km) northeast of Fault Bluff in the Cook Mountains. Mapped by the USGS from tellurometer surveys and Navy air photos, 1959-63. Named by US-ACAN for Julian P. Gudmundson (BUG), USN, explosive expert who wintered at Little America V in 1957. He blasted the foundation for the nuclear power plant at McMurdo Station during USNOpDFrz, 1961.[24]
Harvey Peak
79°13′S 157°01′E / 79.217°S 157.017°E. An ice-free peak, 2,120 metres (6,960 ft) high, standing 2 miles (3.2 km) south of the Finger Ridges in the Cook Mountains. Mapped by the USGS from tellurometer surveys and Navy air photos, 1959-63. Named by US-ACAN for Paul Harvey, a member of the U.S. Army aviation support unit for Topo North and Topo South (1961-62) which conducted the tellurometer surveys.[25]
Mount Hughes
79°31′S 157°23′E / 79.517°S 157.383°E. A mountain, 2,250 metres (7,380 ft) hugh, midway between Mount Longhurst and Tentacle Ridge in the Cook Mountains. Discovered by the BrNAE (1901-04) and named for J.F. Hughes, an Honorary Secretary of the Royal Geographical Society, who helped in the preparation for the expedition.[26]
Kanak Peak
79°16′S 158°30′E / 79.267°S 158.500°E. Conspicuous ice-free peak, 2,410 metres (7,910 ft) high, standing 6 miles (9.7 km) northwest of Mount Gniewek and north of the head of Carlyon Glacier in the Cook Mountains. Mapped by USGS from tellurometer surveys and Navy air photos, 1959-63. Named by US-ACAN for Lt. Cdr. R.A. Kanak, USN, commander of USS Durant on ocean station duty in support of aircraft flights between Christchurch and McMurdo Sound in USN OpDFrz 1963.[27]
Mount Longhurst
79°26′S 157°18′E / 79.433°S 157.300°E. A prominent mountain, 2,845 metres (9,334 ft), standing west of Mill Mountain and forming the highest point of Festive Plateau in the Cook Mountains. Discovered by the BrNAE (1901-04) and named for Cyril Longhurst, secretary of the expedition.[28]
Mulgrew Nunatak
79°38′S 157°56′E / 79.633°S 157.933°E. A prominent nunatak, 1,600 metres (5,200 ft) high, standing 4 miles (6.4 km) east of Tentacle Ridge in the Cook Mountains. Mapped by the Darwin Glacier Party of the CTAE (1956-58) and named for P.O. Mulgrew, chief radio operator at Scott Base, who accompanied Sir Edmund Hillary to the South Pole.[29]
Seay Peak
79°05′S 157°30′E / 79.083°S 157.500°E. Pointed ice-free peak, 1,805 metres (5,922 ft) high, the northeasternmost summit in the Finger Ridges, Cook Mountains. Mapped by the USGS from tellurometer surveys and Navy air photos, 1959-63. Named by US-ACAN for Benny F. Seay, a member of the U.S. Army aviation support unit for Topo North and Topo South (1961-62) which conducted the tellurometer surveys.[30]
Others
- Bowling Green Col
- Bromwich Terrace
- DeZafra Ridge
- Soyuz-13 Rock¨
- Schoonmaker Ridge
- Wright Hill
- Finn Spur, a rock spur 3.5 nautical miles (6 km) northeast of Mount Ayres in the Cook Mountains
- Gatson Ridge, a jagged ridge, 3 nautical miles (6 km) long, that runs east from the southern part of Bowling Green Plateau in the Cook Mountains
- Gjelsvik Spur, a rock spur 2 nautical miles (4 km) northwest of Mount Ayres in the Cook Mountains
- Harper Ridge, extends north from the central part of the Finger Ridges in the Cook Mountains
- Soyuz-18 Rock is a nunatak west of Cheney Bluff in the Cook Mountains
Notes
References
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 151.
- ^ Carlyon Glacier USGS.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 322.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 63.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 120.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 49.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 249.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 187.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 754.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 474.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 97.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 85.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 824.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 610.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 150.
- ^ a b Alberts 1995, p. 237.
- ^ Festive Plateau USGS.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 493.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 338.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 37.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 107.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 234.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 240.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 299.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 316.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 352.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 382.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 441.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 510.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 660.
Sources
- Alberts, Fred G., ed. (1995), Geographic Names of the Antarctic (PDF) (2 ed.), United States Board on Geographic Names, retrieved 2023-12-03
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Board on Geographic Names.
- Carlyon Glacier, USGS United States Geologic Survey, 1960, retrieved 2023-12-17
- "Festive Plateau", Geographic Names Information System, United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior, retrieved 2012-03-22