Cook Mountains
| ins | |
|---|---|
ins | |
| Geography | |
| Continent | Antarctica |
| Range coordinates | 79°25′S 158°00′E / 79.417°S 158.000°E |
| Parent range | Transantarctic Mountains |
The Cook Mountains (79°25′S 158°00′E / 79.417°S 158.000°E) is a group of mountains bounded by the Mulock and Darwin glaciers in Antarctica.
Early exploration and naming
Parts of the group were first viewed from the Ross Ice Shelf by the British National Antarctic Expedition (BrNAE) of 1901–04. Additional portions of these mountains were mapped by a New Zealand party of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition (CTAE) of 1956–58, and they were completely mapped by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) from tellurometer surveys and US Navy air photos, 1959–63. Named by the NZ-APC for Captain James Cook.[1]
Location
The Cook Mountains are bounded by the Darwin Glacier to the south, which separates the range from the Darwin Mountains. The Ross Ice Shelf lies to the east and the Mulock Glacier to the north, which separates it from the Worcester Range.[2]
Glaciers
Glaciers leaving the mountains, clockwise from the north, are:
Heap Glacier
79°03′S 159°20′E / 79.050°S 159.333°E. Glacier 10 miles (16 km) long flowing northeastward to Mulock Glacier, to the east of Henry Mesa. Mapped by the USGS from tellurometer surveys and Navy air photos, 1959-63. Named by US-AC AN for John A. Heap, a member of the University of Michigan-Ross Ice Shelf Studies party, 1962-63.[3]
Bertoglio Glacier
79°18′S 160°20′E / 79.300°S 160.333°E. Glacier 7 miles (11 km) long, flowing from the Conway Range eastward between Cape Lankester and Hoffman Point to the Ross Ice Shelf. Mapped by the USGS from tellurometer surveys and Navy air photos, 1959-63. Named by US-ACAN for Cdr. Lloyd W. Bertoglio, USN, commander of the McMurdo Station winter party, 1960.[4]
Carlyon Glacier
79°34′S 159°50′E / 79.567°S 159.833°E. A large glacier which flows east-south-east from the névé east of Mill Mountain to the Ross Ice Shelf at Cape Murray. Mapped in 1958 by the Darwin Glacier party of the CTAE (1956-58). Named by the NZ-APC for R.A. Carlyon, who with H.H. Ayres, made up the party.[5]
Diamond Glacier
79°51′S 159°00′E / 79.850°S 159.000°E. A small distributary glacier of the Darwin Glacier, flowing east-north-east into the narrow valley on the north side of Diamond Hill. Mapped by the VUWAE (1962-63) and named after Diamond Hill.[6]
Touchdown Glacier
79°48′S 158°10′E / 79.800°S 158.167°E. A tributary of Darwin Glacier, flowing south between Roadend Nunatak and the Brown Hills. Mapped by the VUWAE (1962-63) and so named because the glacier was used as a landing site for aircraft supporting the expedition.[7]
McCleary Glacier
79°33′S 156°50′E / 79.550°S 156.833°E. A broad glacier about 10 miles (16 km) long, draining southward into Darwin Glacier just west of Tentacle Ridge. Mapped by the USGS from tellurometer surveys and Navy air photos, 1959-63. Named by US-ACAN for George McCleary, public information officer on the staff of the U.S. Antarctic Projects Officer (1959-61), whose labors helped to start the Bulletin of the USAPO.[8]
Southeast massif features
The southeast massif extends southwest from Carlyon Glacier to Darwin Glacier. The Ross Ice Shelf is to the East. Feature, from south to north, are:
Roadend Nunatak
79°48′S 158°02′E / 79.800°S 158.033°E. A conspicuous nunatak 4 miles (6.4 km) west-north-west of Bastion Hill along the north side of Darwin Glacier. So named by the Victoria University of Wellington Antarctic Expedition (VUWAE) (1962-63) because of its use as a landmark for manhauling sledge journeys and aircraft flights which supported the expedition and landed there.[9]
Brown Hills
79°46′S 158°33′E / 79.767°S 158.550°E. A group of mainly snow-free hills in the Cook Mountains, lying north of the lower reaches of Darwin Glacier. Named for their color by the Darwin Glacier Party of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition (CTAE) (1956-58).[10]
Diamond Hill
79°52′S 159°09′E / 79.867°S 159.150°E. A conspicuous snow-free hill which is diamond shape in plan, standing 10 miles (16 km) east of Bastion Hill at the north side of the lower Darwin Glacier. Named by the Darwin Glacier Party of the CTAE (1956-58) which surveyed this area.[6]
Cooper Nunatak
79°45′S 159°11′E / 79.750°S 159.183°E. A large rocky nunatak 5 miles (8.0 km) north of Diamond Hill, protruding through the ice east of the Brown Hills. Mapped by the VUWAE, 1962-63. Named for R.A. Cooper, geologist with the VUWAE, 1960-61.[1]
Dot Peak
79°46′S 159°10′E / 79.767°S 159.167°E. A small eminence, 1,450 metres (4,760 ft), marking the highest point of Cooper Nunatak, at the east side of the Brown Hills. Mapped by the VUWAE (1962-63) and so named because of its small size.[11]
Schoonmaker Ridge
79°39′S 158°50′E / 79.650°S 158.833°E. A jagged ridge, 4.5 nautical miles (8 km) long, that runs east from the south part of Reeves Plateau, Cook Mountains. Named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) after remote sensing scientist James W. (Bill) Schoonmaker, Jr., topographic engineer, United States Geological Survey (USGS). He spent three austral summers in Antarctica, 1972–76, with geodetic work at South Pole, Byrd Station, Antarctic Peninsula, Ellsworth Mountains and Ross Ice Shelf, where he determined the precise location of geophysical sites established during the Ross Ice Shelf Project, 1973-74 field season.[12]
Soyuz-13 Rock
79°40′S 159°8′E / 79.667°S 159.133°E. A nunatak, 1,270 metres (4,170 ft) high, located 2 nautical miles (3.7 km) southeast of Schoonmaker Ridge in the Cook Mountains. Named after the Soviet spacecraft Soyuz 13 of December 18, 1973.[13]
Reeves Bluffs
79°36′S 158°40′E / 79.600°S 158.667°E. A line of east-facing rock bluffs, 8 miles (13 km) long, situated 15 miles (24 km) west of Cape Murray in the Cook Mountains. Discovered by the BrNAE (1901-04) under Capt. Robert F. Scott, who gave the name "Mount Reeves," after Edward A. Reeves, Map Curator to the Royal Geographical Society, to a summit along this bluff. The bluff was mapped in detail by USGS from surveys and U.S. Navy aerial photography (1959-63). Since a prominent mountain does not rise from the bluffs, and because the name Mount Reeves is in use elsewhere in Antarctica, the US-ACAN (1965) recommended that the original name be amended and that the entire line of bluffs be designated as Reeves Bluffs. Not: Mount Reeves.[14]
Cheney Bluff
79°39′S 159°48′E / 79.650°S 159.800°E. A steep rock bluff at the south side of the mouth of Carlyon Glacier, 5 miles (8.0 km) southwest of Cape Murray. Mapped by the USGS from tellurometer surveys and Navy air photos, 1959-63. Named by US-AC AN for Lt. Cdr. D.J. Cheney, RNZN, commander of HMNZS Rotoiti on ocean station duty between Christchurch and McMurdo Sound, 1963-64.[15]
Soyuz-18 Rock
79°39′S 159°25′E / 79.650°S 159.417°E. A distinctive nunatak 3 nautical miles (6 km) west of Cheney Bluff in the Cook Mountains. The feature rises to 1,230 metres (4,040 ft) and is pyramid shaped, especially when viewed from the west. Named after the Soviet spacecraft Soyuz 18 of May 24, 1975.[16]
Fontaine Bluff
79°35′S 159°42′E / 79.583°S 159.700°E. Bluff 4 miles (6.4 km) west of Cape Murray on the south side of Carlyon Glacier. Mapped by the USGS from tellurometer surveys and Navy air photos, 1959-63. Named by US-ACAN for Lt. Cdr. R.K. Fontaine, USN, commander of USS Hissem on ocean station duty in support of aircraft flights between Christchurch and McMurdo Sound, 1963-64.[17]
Conway Range
79°16′S 159°30′E / 79.267°S 159.500°E. A range in the Cook Mountains between Mulock and Carlyon Glaciers. The range was discovered by the BrNAE (1901-04), but the name appears to be first used in the reports of the BrAE (1907-09).[18]
Western Features
Mount Ayres
79°20′S 156°28′E / 79.333°S 156.467°E. A prominent mountain, 2,500 metres (8,200 ft) high, lying 10 miles (16 km) south of the west end of the Finger Ridges in the Cook Mountains. Climbed in December 1957 by the Darwin Glacier Party of the CTAE (1956-58). Named for H.H. Ayres, one of the two men comprising the Darwin Glacier Party.[19]
Gjelsvik Spur
79°18′S 156°19′E / 79.300°S 156.317°E. A rock spur 2 nautical miles (4 km) northwest of Mount Ayres on the Butcher Ridge, in the Cook Mountains. It was named after Per Gjelsvik of the University of Wisconsin–Madison aeromagnetic project under John Behrendt, 1963–64. Working from U.S. Navy aircraft, Gjelsvik acquired aeromagnetic profiles over the Transantarctic Mountains bordering the Ross Sea and Ross Ice Shelf.[20]
Finn Spur
79°17′S 156°37′E / 79.283°S 156.617°E. A rock spur 3.5 nautical miles (6 km) northeast of Mount Ayres on the north side of Longhurst Plateau, in the Cook Mountains. It was named after Carol Finn, a geophysicist with the United States Geological Survey (USGS), who was USGS project chief on a cooperative USGS–German aeromagnetic survey over the Butcher Ridge – Cook Mountains – Darwin Névé area, 1997–98, and also performed additional aeromagnetic surveys from 1991, including seasons over the West Antarctic ice sheet from 1994 as a principal investigator and USGS project chief.[21]
Butcher Ridge
79°12′S 155°48′E / 79.200°S 155.800°E. A large, mainly ice-free ridge near the polar plateau in the west part of the Cook Mountains. The ridge is in the form of an arc, extending northwest from Mount Ayres. Named by US-ACAN for Cdr. H.K. Butcher, USN, air operations officer on the Staff of the U.S. Naval Support Force, Antarctica, during USN OpDFrz 1963 and 1964.[22]
Fault Bluff
79°18′S 157°40′E / 79.300°S 157.667°E. A notable rock bluff. 2,320 metres (7,610 ft) high, situated 9 miles (14 km) northeast of Mount Longhurst in the Cook Mountains. }The feature was visited in the 1957-58 season by members of the Darwin Glacier Party of the CTAE, 1956-58. They applied the name which presumably refers to a geological fault at the bluff.[23]
Finger Ridges
79°11′S 157°00′E / 79.183°S 157.000°E. Several mainly ice-free ridges and spurs extending over a distance of about 12 miles (19 km), east-west, in the northwest part of the Cook Mountains. The individual ridges are 1 to 2 miles (1.6 to 3.2 km) long and project northward from the higher main ridge. Mapped by the USGS from tellurometer surveys and Navy air photos, 1959-63. The descriptive name was given by the US-ACAN.[24]
Harper Ridge
79°9′S 156°57′E / 79.150°S 156.950°E. A nearly ice-free ridge in Antarctica, 2 nautical miles (4 km) long and rising to over 1,800 metres (5,900 ft). It extends north from the central part of the Finger Ridges in the Cook Mountains, toward Yamagata Ridge. It was named after Doyal A. Harper of the University of Chicago Yerkes Observatory, Williams Bay, Wisconsin, director of the Center for Astrophysical Research in Antarctica at South Pole Station for several years from 1991.[25]
Mount Gudmundson
79°13′S 157°51′E / 79.217°S 157.850°E. A mainly ice-free mountain, 2,040 m, standing 6 miles (9.7 km) northeast of Fault Bluff in the Cook Mountains. Mapped by the USGS from tellurometer surveys and Navy air photos, 1959-63. Named by US-ACAN for Julian P. Gudmundson (BUG), USN, explosive expert who wintered at Little America V in 1957. He blasted the foundation for the nuclear power plant at McMurdo Station during USNOpDFrz, 1961.[26]
Harvey Peak
79°13′S 157°01′E / 79.217°S 157.017°E. An ice-free peak, 2,120 metres (6,960 ft) high, standing 2 miles (3.2 km) south of the Finger Ridges in the Cook Mountains. Mapped by the USGS from tellurometer surveys and Navy air photos, 1959-63. Named by US-ACAN for Paul Harvey, a member of the U.S. Army aviation support unit for Topo North and Topo South (1961-62) which conducted the tellurometer surveys.[27]
Mount Hughes
79°31′S 157°23′E / 79.517°S 157.383°E. A mountain, 2,250 metres (7,380 ft) hugh, midway between Mount Longhurst and Tentacle Ridge in the Cook Mountains. Discovered by the BrNAE (1901-04) and named for J.F. Hughes, an Honorary Secretary of the Royal Geographical Society, who helped in the preparation for the expedition.[28]
Kanak Peak
79°16′S 158°30′E / 79.267°S 158.500°E. Conspicuous ice-free peak, 2,410 metres (7,910 ft) high, standing 6 miles (9.7 km) northwest of Mount Gniewek and north of the head of Carlyon Glacier in the Cook Mountains. Mapped by USGS from tellurometer surveys and Navy air photos, 1959-63. Named by US-ACAN for Lt. Cdr. R.A. Kanak, USN, commander of USS Durant on ocean station duty in support of aircraft flights between Christchurch and McMurdo Sound in USN OpDFrz 1963.[29]
Mount Longhurst
79°26′S 157°18′E / 79.433°S 157.300°E. A prominent mountain, 2,845 metres (9,334 ft), standing west of Mill Mountain and forming the highest point of Festive Plateau in the Cook Mountains. Discovered by the BrNAE (1901-04) and named for Cyril Longhurst, secretary of the expedition.[30]
Longhurst Plateau
79°23′S 156°20′E / 79.383°S 156.333°E. A narrow, snow-covered extension of the polar plateau located just W of Mount Longhurst. Rising to 2,200 metres (7,200 ft), it is about 20 miles (32 km) long and 10 miles (16 km) wide, and is bounded on the south by upper Darwin Glacier and on the east by McCleary Glacier. The plateau was traversed by the Darwin Glacier Party of the CTAE in 1957-58, who named it for nearby Mount Longhurst.[31]
DeZafra Ridge
79°17′S 157°27′E / 79.283°S 157.450°E. A narrow but prominent rock ridge, 5 nautical miles (9 km) long, which extends north from the northeast cliffs of Longhurst Plateau in the Cook Mountains. The ridge is 2.5 nautical miles (5 km) west of Fault Bluff and rises 350 metres (1,150 ft) above then ice surface north of the plateau. It was named after Robert L. deZafra, Professor of Physics at the State University of New York, Stony Brook, whose research at the South Pole and McMurdo Sound provided breakthrough contributions to understanding the formation of the Antarctic ozone hole.[32]
Mulgrew Nunatak
79°38′S 157°56′E / 79.633°S 157.933°E. A prominent nunatak, 1,600 metres (5,200 ft) high, standing 4 miles (6.4 km) east of Tentacle Ridge in the Cook Mountains. Mapped by the Darwin Glacier Party of the CTAE (1956-58) and named for P.O. Mulgrew, chief radio operator at Scott Base, who accompanied Sir Edmund Hillary to the South Pole.[33]
Seay Peak
79°05′S 157°30′E / 79.083°S 157.500°E. Pointed ice-free peak, 1,805 metres (5,922 ft) high, the northeasternmost summit in the Finger Ridges, Cook Mountains. Mapped by the USGS from tellurometer surveys and Navy air photos, 1959-63. Named by US-ACAN for Benny F. Seay, a member of the U.S. Army aviation support unit for Topo North and Topo South (1961-62) which conducted the tellurometer surveys.[34]
Notes
References
- ^ a b Alberts 1995, p. 151.
- ^ Carlyon Glacier USGS.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 322.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 63.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 120.
- ^ a b Alberts 1995, p. 187.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 754.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 474.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 621.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 97.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 196.
- ^ Schoonmaker Ridge USGS.
- ^ Soyuz-13 Rock USGS.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 610.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 132.
- ^ Soyuz-18 Rock USGS.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 250.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 150.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 37.
- ^ Gjelsvik Spur USGS.
- ^ Finn Spur USGS.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 107.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 234.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 240.
- ^ Harper Ridge USGS.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 299.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 316.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 352.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 382.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 441.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 442.
- ^ DeZafra Ridge USGS.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 510.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 660.
Sources
- Alberts, Fred G., ed. (1995), Geographic Names of the Antarctic (PDF) (2 ed.), United States Board on Geographic Names, retrieved 2023-12-03
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Board on Geographic Names.
- Carlyon Glacier, USGS United States Geologic Survey, 1960, retrieved 2023-12-17
- "DeZafra Ridge", Geographic Names Information System, United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior, retrieved 2023-12-18
- "Finn Spur", Geographic Names Information System, United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior, retrieved 2023-12-18
- "Gjelsvik Spur", Geographic Names Information System, United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior, retrieved 2023-12-18
- "Harper Ridge", Geographic Names Information System, United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior, retrieved 2023-12-18
- "Schoonmaker Ridge", Geographic Names Information System, United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior, retrieved 2023-12-18
- "Soyuz-13 Rock", Geographic Names Information System, United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior, retrieved 2023-12-18
- "Soyuz-18 Rock", Geographic Names Information System, United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior, retrieved 2023-12-18