Jump to content

Elon Musk

Edit links
This is a good article. Click here for more information.
Page extended-protected
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Spiderjerky (talk | contribs) at 22:58, 20 June 2022 (→Marriages, dating life, and children). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Elon Musk
FRS
Musk in 2018
Born
Elon Reeve Musk

(1971-06-28) June 28, 1971 (age 53)
Pretoria, Transvaal, South Africa
CitizenshipUnited States[1]
EducationUniversity of Pennsylvania (BS, BA)
Title
Spouses
​
​
(m. 2000; div. 2008)​
​
​
(m. 2010; div. 2012)​
​
​
(m. 2013; div. 2016)​
PartnerGrimes (2018–2022)[2]
Children8[a]
Parents
Relatives
FamilyMusk family
AwardsList of honors and awards
Signature
This article is part of
a series about
Elon Musk
Personal
Companies
In popular culture
Related

Elon Reeve Musk FRS (/ˈiːlɒn/ EE-lon; born June 28, 1971) is a business magnate and investor. He is the founder, CEO and Chief Engineer at SpaceX; angel investor, CEO and Product Architect of Tesla, Inc.; founder of The Boring Company; and co-founder of Neuralink and OpenAI. With an estimated net worth of around US$203 billion as of June 2022,[4] Musk is the wealthiest person in the world according to both the Bloomberg Billionaires Index and the Forbes real-time billionaires list.[5][6]

Musk was born to White South African parents in Pretoria, where he grew up. He briefly attended the University of Pretoria before moving to Canada at age 17, acquiring citizenship through his Canadian-born mother. He matriculated at Queen's University and transferred to the University of Pennsylvania two years later, where he received bachelor's degrees in Economics and Physics. He moved to California in 1995 to attend Stanford University but decided instead to pursue a business career, co-founding the web software company Zip2 with his brother Kimbal. The startup was acquired by Compaq for $307 million in 1999. The same year, Musk co-founded online bank X.com, which merged with Confinity in 2000 to form PayPal. The company was bought by eBay in 2002 for $1.5 billion.

In 2002, Musk founded SpaceX, an aerospace manufacturer and space transport services company, of which he serves as CEO and Chief Engineer. In 2004, he was an early investor in electric vehicle manufacturer Tesla Motors, Inc. (now Tesla, Inc.). He became its chairman and product architect, eventually assuming the position of CEO in 2008. In 2006, he helped create SolarCity, a solar energy company that was later acquired by Tesla and became Tesla Energy. In 2015, he co-founded OpenAI, a nonprofit research company that promotes friendly artificial intelligence (AI). In 2016, he co-founded Neuralink, a neurotechnology company focused on developing brain–computer interfaces, and founded The Boring Company, a tunnel construction company. He also agreed to purchase the major American social networking service Twitter in 2022 for $44 billion. Musk has proposed the Hyperloop, a high-speed vactrain transportation system. He is the president of the Musk Foundation, an organization which donates to scientific research and education.

Musk has been criticized for making unscientific and controversial statements, such as spreading misinformation about the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2018, he was sued by the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for falsely tweeting that he had secured funding for a private takeover of Tesla; he settled with the SEC, but did not admit guilt, and temporarily stepped down from his Tesla chairmanship. In 2019, he won a defamation case brought against him by a British caver who had advised in the Tham Luang cave rescue.

Early life

Childhood and family

Further information: Musk family

Elon Reeve Musk was born on June 28, 1971, in Pretoria, a segregated suburb of apartheid South Africa.[7][8] His mother is Maye Musk (née Haldeman), a model and dietitian born in Saskatchewan, Canada,[9][10][11] but raised in South Africa. His father is Errol Musk, a White South African electromechanical engineer, pilot, sailor, consultant, and property developer who was once a half-owner of a Zambian emerald mine near Lake Tanganyika.[12][13] Musk has a younger brother, Kimbal (born 1972), and a younger sister, Tosca (born 1974).[11][14] His maternal grandfather, Joshua Haldeman, was an adventurous American-born Canadian who took his family on record-breaking journeys in a single-engine Bellanca airplane to Africa and Australia;[15][16][17] Musk has British and Pennsylvania Dutch ancestry.[18][19]

As a child, Musk's adenoids were removed because doctors suspected that he was deaf, but his mother later decided that he was just thinking "in another world."[20] The family was very wealthy in Elon's youth; Elon's father was also elected to the Pretoria City Council as a representative of the anti-apartheid Progressive Party, with the Musk children reportedly sharing their father's dislike of apartheid.[7] In an interview with The New York Times, Errol said his children had good relationships with Black people, including their domestic staff.[7] Musk decided not to participate in South Africa's mandatory military service because of the government's apartheid system.[7] Musk said this contributed to his decision to leave South Africa shortly after graduating from high school.[7][21]

After his parents divorced in 1980, Musk mostly lived with his father in Pretoria and elsewhere,[18] a choice he made two years after the divorce and subsequently regretted.[22] Musk has become estranged from his father.[22] He has a half-sister and a half-brother on his father's side.[15][23] Elon attended an Anglican Sunday school in his youth.[24]

Around age 10, Musk developed an interest in computing and video games and acquired a Commodore VIC-20.[25][26] He learned computer programming using a manual and, at age 12, sold the code of a BASIC-based video game he created called Blastar to PC and Office Technology magazine for approximately $500.[27][28] An awkward and introverted child,[29] Musk was bullied throughout his childhood and was once hospitalized after a group of boys threw him down a flight of stairs[why?].[30] He attended Waterkloof House Preparatory School and Bryanston High School before graduating from Pretoria Boys High School.[31]

Education

An ornate school building
Musk graduated from Pretoria Boys High School in South Africa.

Aware that it would be easier to enter the United States from Canada,[32] Musk applied for a Canadian passport by jus sanguinis, through his Canadian-born mother.[33][34] While awaiting the documentation, he attended the University of Pretoria for five months; this allowed him to avoid mandatory service in the South African military.[35] Musk arrived in Canada in June 1989, and lived with a second cousin in Saskatchewan for a year,[36] working odd jobs at a farm near Waldeck and lumber-mill.[37][38] In 1990, he entered Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario.[39][40] Two years later, he transferred to the University of Pennsylvania, where he graduated in 1997 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in physics and a Bachelor of Science degree in economics from the Wharton School.[41][42][43]

In 1994, Musk held two internships in Silicon Valley during the summer: at energy storage startup Pinnacle Research Institute, which researched electrolytic ultracapacitors for energy storage, and at the Palo Alto-based startup Rocket Science Games.[44] In 1995, he was accepted to a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) program in materials science at Stanford University in California.[45] Musk tried to get a job at Netscape but never received a response to his inquiries.[33] He dropped out of Stanford after two days, deciding instead to join the Internet boom and launch an Internet startup.[46]

Business career

Zip2

Main article: Zip2
External videos
video icon Musk speaks of his early business experience during a 2014 commencement speech at USC on YouTube

In 1995, Musk, his brother Kimbal, and Greg Kouri founded web software company Zip2 with funds borrowed from Musk's father.[47][22] They housed the venture at a small rented office in Palo Alto.[48] The company developed and marketed an Internet city guide for the newspaper publishing industry, with maps, directions, and yellow pages.[49] Musk says that before the company became successful, he could not afford an apartment and instead rented an office and slept on the couch and showered at the YMCA, and shared one computer with his brother.[50]

According to Musk, "The website was up during the day and I was coding it at night, seven days a week, all the time."[48] The Musk brothers obtained contracts with The New York Times and the Chicago Tribune,[51] and persuaded the board of directors to abandon plans for a merger with CitySearch.[52] Musk's attempts to become CEO, a position held by its Chairman Rich Sorkin,[53] were thwarted by the board.[54] Compaq acquired Zip2 for $307 million in cash in February 1999,[55][56] and Musk received $22 million for his 7-percent share.[57][58]

X.com and PayPal

Main articles: X.com, PayPal, and PayPal Mafia

In 1999, Musk co-founded X.com, an online financial services and e-mail payment company.[59] The startup was one of the first federally insured online banks, and, in its initial months of operation, over 200,000 customers joined the service.[60] The company's investors regarded Musk as inexperienced and replaced him with Intuit CEO Bill Harris by the end of the year.[61] The following year, X.com merged with online bank Confinity to avoid competition.[48][61][62] Founded by Max Levchin and Peter Thiel,[63] Confinity had its own money-transfer service, PayPal, which was more popular than X.com's service.[64]

Within the merged company, Musk returned as CEO. Musk's preference for Microsoft software over Unix created a rift in the company and caused Thiel to resign.[65] Due to resulting technological issues and lack of a cohesive business model, the board ousted Musk and replaced him with Thiel in September 2000.[66][b] Under Thiel, the company focused on the PayPal service and was renamed PayPal in 2001.[68][69] In 2002, PayPal was acquired by eBay for $1.5 billion in stock, of which Musk—the largest shareholder with 11.72% of shares—received $175.8 million.[70][71] In 2017, Musk purchased the domain X.com from PayPal for an undisclosed amount, explaining it has sentimental value.[72][73]

SpaceX

Main article: SpaceX
Then NASA Administrator Charles Bolden congratulates Musk in front of the SpaceX Dragon following its successful 2012 mission

In 2001, Musk became involved with the nonprofit Mars Society. He was inspired by plans to place a growth-chamber for plants on Mars and discussed funding the project himself.[74] In October 2001, Musk traveled to Moscow with Jim Cantrell and Mike Griffin to buy refurbished intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) that could send the greenhouse payloads into space. He met with companies NPO Lavochkin and Kosmotras; however, Musk was seen as a novice and was even spat on by one of the Russian chief designers.[75]

The group returned to the United States empty-handed. In February 2002, the group returned to Russia to look for three ICBMs. They had another meeting with Kosmotras and were offered one rocket for $8 million, which Musk rejected. Musk instead decided to start a company that could build affordable rockets.[75] With $100 million of his early fortune,[76] Musk founded Space Exploration Technologies Corp., traded as SpaceX, in May 2002.[77] As of 2021, he remains the company's CEO and also holds the title of Chief Engineer.[78]

SpaceX attempted its first launch of the Falcon 1 rocket in 2006,[79] and although the rocket failed to reach Earth orbit, it was awarded a Commercial Orbital Transportation Services program contract from NASA later that year.[80] After two more failed attempts, which reportedly caused Musk so much stress that he was "waking from nightmares, screaming and in physical pain",[81] SpaceX succeeded in launching the Falcon 1 into orbit in 2008, making it the first private liquid-fuel rocket to do so.[82] Later that year, SpaceX received a $1.6 billion Commercial Resupply Services program contract from NASA for 12 flights of its Falcon 9 rocket and Dragon spacecraft to the International Space Station, replacing the Space Shuttle after its 2011 retirement.[83] In 2012 the Dragon vehicle berthed with the ISS, a first for a private enterprise.[84]

Musk, dressed in a suit, holds a metal model of the Starship
Musk explains the planned capabilities of SpaceX Starship to NORAD and Air Force Space Command, 2019

Working towards its goal of reusable rockets, in 2015 SpaceX successfully landed the first stage of a Falcon 9.[85] Landings were later achieved on an autonomous spaceport drone ship, an ocean-based recovery platform.[86] In 2018 SpaceX launched the Falcon Heavy; the inaugural mission carried Musk's personal Tesla Roadster as a dummy payload.[87][88] In 2017 SpaceX unveiled its next-generation launch vehicle and spacecraft system, Big Falcon Rocket, later renamed to Starship, which would support all SpaceX launch service provider capabilities.[89] In 2018 SpaceX announced a planned 2023 lunar circumnavigation mission, a private flight called dearMoon project.[90] In 2020 SpaceX launched its first crewed flight, the Demo-2, becoming the first private company to place a person into orbit and dock a crewed spacecraft with the ISS.[91]

SpaceX began development of the Starlink constellation of low Earth orbit satellites in 2015 to provide satellite Internet access,[92] with the first two prototype satellites launched in February 2018. A second set of test satellites and the first large deployment of a piece of the constellation occurred in May 2019, when the first 60 operational satellites were launched.[93] The total cost of the decade-long project to design, build, and deploy the constellation is estimated by SpaceX to be about $10 billion.[94][c] During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Musk sent Starlink systems to Ukraine to provide internet access and communication,[97] an action praised by Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy.[98][99] However, he refused to block Russian state media on Starlink, declaring himself "a free speech absolutist."[100][101]

The company has attracted criticism from astronomers who say Starlink's satellites are blocking the view of the skies, and from experts arguing that they risk colliding and causing dangers in space.[102][103] In 2021, the International Astronomical Union petitioned the United Nations to protect the night sky from satellite constellations (including Starlink),[104] and later created its own center to protect "the dark and quiet sky from satellite constellations".[105]

Tesla

Main article: Tesla, Inc.
Musks stands, arms crossed and grinning, before a Tesla Model S
Musk next to a Tesla Model S, 2011

Tesla, Inc.—originally Tesla Motors—was incorporated in 2003 by Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning, who financed the company until the Series A round of funding.[106] Both men played active roles in the company's early development prior to Musk's involvement.[107] Musk led the Series A round of investment in February 2004; he invested $6.5 million, became the majority shareholder, and joined Tesla's board of directors as chairman.[108][109] Musk took an active role within the company and oversaw Roadster product design but was not deeply involved in day-to-day business operations.[110]

Following a series of escalating conflicts in 2007 and the 2008 financial crisis, Eberhard was ousted from the firm.[111][112] Musk assumed leadership of the company as CEO and product architect in 2008.[113] A 2009 lawsuit settlement with Eberhard designated Musk as a Tesla co-founder, along with Tarpenning and two others.[114][115] As of 2019, Musk was the longest tenured CEO of any automotive manufacturer globally.[116] In 2021 Musk nominally changed his title to "Technoking" while retaining his position as CEO.[117]

Tesla first built an electric sports car, the Roadster, in 2008. With sales of about 2,500 vehicles, it was the first serial production all-electric car to use lithium-ion battery cells.[118] Tesla began delivery of its four-door Model S sedan in 2012;[119] a cross-over, the Model X was launched in 2015.[120][121] A mass market sedan, the Model 3, was released in 2017.[122][123] The Model 3 is the all-time best-selling plug-in electric car worldwide, and, in June 2021, became the first electric car to sell 1 million units globally.[124][125] A fifth vehicle, the Model Y crossover, was launched in 2020.[126] The Cybertruck—an all-electric pickup truck—was unveiled in 2019.[127] Under Musk, Tesla has also constructed multiple lithium-ion battery and electric vehicle factories, such as Gigafactory 1 in Nevada, Gigafactory 2 in New York, Gigafactory 3 in China, Gigafactory 4 in Germany and Gigafactory 5 in Texas.[128][129][130][131][132][133]

Musk at the 2019 Tesla annual shareholder meeting

Since its initial public offering in 2010,[134] Tesla stock has risen significantly; it became the most valuable carmaker in summer 2020,[135][136] and it entered the S&P 500 later that year.[137][138] In October 2021 it reached a market capitalization of $1 trillion, the sixth company to do so in US history.[139] On November 6, 2021, Musk proposed on Twitter selling 10% of his Tesla stock, since "much is made lately of unrealized gains being a means of tax avoidance".[140][141] After more than 3.5 million Twitter accounts supported the sale, Musk sold $6.9 billion of Tesla stock in the week ending November 12,[140] and a total of $16.4 billion by year end, reaching the 10% target.[142] In February 2022, The Wall Street Journal reported that both Elon and Kimbal Musk were under investigation by the SEC for possible insider trading related to the sale.[143]

SEC lawsuit

In September 2018, Musk was sued by the SEC[144] for a tweet claiming funding had been secured for potentially taking Tesla private.[145][d] The lawsuit characterized the tweet as false, misleading, and damaging to investors, and sought to bar Musk from serving as CEO of publicly traded companies.[145][149][150] Two days later, Musk settled with the SEC, without admitting or denying the SEC's allegations. As a result, Musk and Tesla were fined $20 million each, and Musk was forced to step down for three years as Tesla chairman but was able to remain as CEO.[151][152]

Musk has stated in interviews he does not regret posting the tweet that triggered the SEC investigation.[153][154] On February 19, 2019, Musk stated in a tweet that Tesla would build half a million cars in 2019.[155] The SEC reacted to Musk's tweet by filing in court, initially asking the court to hold him in contempt for violating the terms of a settlement agreement with such a tweet, which was disputed by Musk. This was eventually settled by a joint agreement between Musk and the SEC clarifying the previous agreement details.[156] The agreement included a list of topics that Musk would need preclearance before tweeting about.[157] In May 2020, a judge prevented a lawsuit from proceeding that claimed a tweet by Musk regarding Tesla stock price ("too high imo") violated the agreement.[158][159] FOIA released records showing that the SEC itself concluded Musk has subsequently violated the agreement twice by tweeting regarding "Tesla's solar roof production volumes and its stock price".[160]

SolarCity and Tesla Energy

Main articles: SolarCity and Tesla Energy
Two green vans sporting the SolarCity logo
SolarCity solar-panel installation vans in 2009

Musk provided the initial concept and financial capital for SolarCity, which his cousins Lyndon and Peter Rive co-founded in 2006.[161] By 2013, SolarCity was the second largest provider of solar power systems in the United States.[162] In 2014 Musk promoted the idea of SolarCity building an advanced production facility in Buffalo, New York, triple the size of the largest solar plant in the United States.[163] Construction on the factory started in 2014 and was completed in 2017. It operated as a joint venture with Panasonic until early 2020 when Panasonic departed.[164][165]

Tesla acquired SolarCity for over $2 billion in 2016 and merged it with its battery unit to create Tesla Energy. The announcement of the deal resulted in a more than 10% drop in Tesla's stock price. At the time, SolarCity was facing liquidity issues.[166] Multiple shareholder groups filed a lawsuit against Musk and Tesla's directors, claiming that the purchase of SolarCity was done solely to benefit Musk and came at the expense of Tesla and its shareholders.[167][168] Tesla directors settled the lawsuit in January 2020, leaving Musk the sole remaining defendant.[169][170] Two years later, the court ruled in Musk's favor.[171]

Main article: Neuralink
Musk standing next to bulky medical equipment on a stage
Musk discussing a Neuralink device during a live demonstration in 2020

In 2016, Musk co-founded Neuralink, a neurotechnology startup company to integrate the human brain with artificial intelligence (AI) by creating devices that are embedded in the human brain to facilitate its merging with machines. The devices will also reconcile with the latest improvements in AI to stay updated. Such improvements could enhance memory or allow the devices to communicate with software more effectively.[172][173]

At a 2020 live demonstration, Musk described one of their early devices as "a Fitbit in your skull" that could soon cure paralysis, deafness, blindness, and other disabilities. Many neuroscientists and publications criticized these claims;[174][175][176] MIT Technology Review described them as "highly speculative" and "neuroscience theater".[174]

The Boring Company

Main article: The Boring Company
Musk speaks to a crowd of journalists. Behind him is a lighted tunnel.
Musk during the 2018 inauguration of the Boring Test Tunnel in Hawthorne, California

In 2017, Musk founded The Boring Company to construct tunnels.[177] Early that year, the company began discussions with regulatory bodies and initiated construction of a 30-foot (9.1 m) wide, 50-foot (15 m) long, and 15-foot (4.6 m) deep "test trench" on the premises of SpaceX's offices as it required no permits.[178] A tunnel beneath the Las Vegas Convention Center was completed in early 2021.[179] Local officials have approved further expansions of the tunnel system.[180]

As a merchandising and publicity stunt, The Boring Company sold 2,000 novelty flamethrowers in 2018.[181][182] The idea was inspired by the Mel Brooks-directed film Spaceballs (1987).[183][184]

Twitter

Further information: Proposed acquisition of Twitter by Elon Musk

Since joining the social media platform in 2009,[185] Musk has been an active user of Twitter, where he has over 95 million followers.[186] He posts memes, promotes his business interests, and comments on contemporary political and cultural issues.[187]

As early as 2017, Musk tweeted interest in buying the platform.[188] In January 2022, Musk began buying significant quantities of shares in the company, reaching a 5% stake in the company in March.[189] Musk reached a total of 73,115,038 shares on April 1, 9.13% of Twitter's overall shares, valued at the time at $2.64 billion, making him the largest shareholder in the company. It is alleged that Musk did not file the necessary paperwork to notify the SEC within 10 days of when his stake in the company surpassed 5%, a violation of US securities laws.[190] On May 27, 2022, the SEC published the letter that was sent to Musk on April 4, where his acquisition of a 9.2% stake in Twitter was questioned, confirming that Musk was late in filing the paperwork.[191] When Musk publicly disclosed his investment in a Securities and Exchange Commission 13G filing on April 4, 2022, Twitter shares experienced the largest intraday surge since its 2013 IPO.[186] The revelation that Musk had acquired a significant stake in Twitter followed Musk's March tweets in which he questioned Twitter's commitment to freedom of speech and said he was considering developing a rival social media site,[192][193][194] although the comments were made after he had acquired 7.5% of the company.[189][195]

On April 4, Musk agreed to a deal that would see him appointed to Twitter's board of directors and prohibit him from acquiring more than 14.9% of the company.[196][197][198] However, on April 13, Musk made a $43 billion offer to buy Twitter, launching a takeover bid to buy 100% of Twitter's stock at $54.20 per share. In a letter to Twitter's board, he argued that a private Twitter would thrive and best advance free speech.[199][200][201] In response, Twitter's board adopted a shareholder rights plan to make it significantly more expensive for any single investor to own more than 15% of the company without approval of the board.[202][203] A week later, Musk secured funding worth $46.5 billion,[204] which included $12.5 billion in loans against his stock in Tesla and $21 billion in equity financing.[205][206] Later that same day, Musk successfully concluded his bid to buy Twitter and bring the company private for approximately $44 billion.[207][208][209]

Tesla's stock market value sank by more than $125 billion the next day in reaction to the deal, causing Musk to lose around $30 billion of his net worth.[210][211] He subsequently tweeted criticism of Twitter executive Vijaya Gadde's policies to his 86 million followers, which led to some of them engaging in sexist and racist harassment against her.[212] Exactly a month after announcing the takeover, Musk stated that the deal was "on hold" following a report that 5 percent of Twitter's daily active users were spam accounts,[213] causing Twitter shares to drop more than 10 percent.[214] He later clarified that he remained committed to the acquisition.[215]

Managerial style and treatment of employees

See also: Criticism of Tesla, Inc. § Workplace culture issues

Musk's managerial style and treatment of employees have been heavily criticized.[216][217] The Wall Street Journal reported that, after Musk insisted on branding his vehicles as "self-driving", he faced criticism from his engineers, some of whom resigned in response, with one stating that Musk's "reckless decision making... ha[d] potentially put customer lives at risk".[218] The New York Times characterized Musk's managerial style as impetuous, operating on impulse and "the belief that he is absolutely right".[219] The 2021 book Power Play contains multiple anecdotes of Musk berating employees.[220] Wired News reported that Tesla employees were told not to walk past Musk's desk because of his "wild firing rampages".[216]

Other activities

Hyperloop

Main articles: Hyperloop and Hyperloop pod competition
A long white tube about 10 feet in diameter, part of the Hyperloop Pod Competition, sponsored by SpaceX
Part of the Hyperloop pod competition sponsored by SpaceX (pictured in 2017)

In 2013, Musk announced plans for a version of a vactrain (or vacuum tube train), assigning a dozen engineers from Tesla and SpaceX to establish the conceptual foundations and create initial designs.[221] On August 12, 2013, Musk unveiled the concept, which he dubbed the hyperloop.[222] The alpha design for the system was published in a whitepaper posted to the Tesla and SpaceX blogs.[223] The document scoped out the technology and outlined a notional route where such a transport system could be built between the Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area at an estimated cost of $6 billion.[224] The proposal, if technologically feasible at the costs he has cited, would make Hyperloop travel cheaper than any other mode of transport for such long distances.[225]

In June 2015, Musk announced a design competition for students and others to build Hyperloop pods to operate on a SpaceX-sponsored mile-long track in a 2015–2017 Hyperloop pod competition. The track was used in January 2017, and Musk also announced that the company started a tunnel project with Hawthorne airport as its destination.[226] In July 2017, Musk claimed that he had received "verbal government approval" to build a hyperloop from New York City to Washington, D.C., stopping in both Philadelphia and Baltimore.[227] Mention of the project for the DC to Baltimore part were removed from the Boring Company website later in 2021.[228]

OpenAI

Main article: OpenAI

In 2015, Musk founded OpenAI, a not-for-profit AI research company aiming to develop artificial general intelligence intended to be safe and beneficial to humanity.[229] A particular focus of the company is to "counteract large corporations [and governments] who may gain too much power by owning super-intelligence systems".[230][22] In 2018, Musk left the OpenAI board to avoid possible future conflicts with his role as CEO of Tesla as the company increasingly became involved in AI through Tesla Autopilot.[231]

Tham Luang cave rescue & defamation case

Further information: Tham Luang cave rescue

In July 2018, Musk arranged for his employees to build a mini-submarine to assist the rescue of children stuck in a flooded cavern in Thailand.[232] Richard Stanton, leader of the international rescue diving team, urged Musk to facilitate the construction of the vehicle as a back-up, in case flooding worsened.[233][234]

Engineers at SpaceX and The Boring Company built the mini-submarine out of a Falcon 9 liquid oxygen transfer tube in eight hours and personally delivered it to Thailand.[235][236] By this time, however, eight of the 12 children had already been rescued using full face masks and oxygen under anesthesia; consequently Thai authorities declined to use the submarine.[232] Musk was later one of the 187 people who received various honors conferred by the King of Thailand in March 2019 for involvement in the rescue effort, e.g. the Order of the Direkgunabhorn.[237][238]

Soon after the rescue, Vernon Unsworth, a British recreational caver who had been exploring the cave for the previous six years and played a key advisory role in the operation, criticized the submarine on CNN as amounting to nothing more than a public relations effort with no chance of success, and that Musk "had no conception of what the cave passage was like" and "can stick his submarine where it hurts". Musk asserted on Twitter that the device would have worked and referred to Unsworth as a "pedo guy".[239] He deleted the tweets,[239] and apologized,[240][241] along with responses to critical tweets from Cher Scarlett, a software engineer, which had caused his followers to harass her.[242] In an email to BuzzFeed News Musk later called Unsworth a "child rapist" and said that he had married a child.[243][244][245]

In September, Unsworth filed a defamation suit in Los Angeles federal court.[246][247] In his defense, Musk argued that "'pedo guy' was a common insult used in South Africa when I was growing up ... synonymous with 'creepy old man' and is used to insult a person's appearance and demeanor".[31] The defamation case began in December 2019, with Unsworth seeking $190 million in damages.[248] During the trial Musk apologized to Unsworth again for the tweet. On December 6, the jury found in favor of Musk and ruled he was not liable.[249][250]

2018 Joe Rogan podcast appearance

In September 2018, Musk appeared on The Joe Rogan Experience podcast and discussed various topics for over two hours. During the interview, Musk sampled a puff from a cigar consisting, Joe Rogan claimed, of tobacco laced with cannabis. Tesla stock dropped after the incident, which coincided with the confirmation of the departure of Tesla's vice president of worldwide finance earlier that day.[251][252] Fortune wondered if the cannabis use could have ramifications for SpaceX contracts with the United States Air Force, though an Air Force spokesperson told The Verge that there was no investigation and that the Air Force was still processing the situation.[253][254] In a 60 Minutes interview, Musk said of the incident: "I do not smoke pot. As anybody who watched that podcast could tell, I have no idea how to smoke pot."[255][256]

Music ventures

In 2019, Musk released a rap track, "RIP Harambe", on SoundCloud as Emo G Records. The track, which is an allusion to the killing of Harambe, a gorilla in a Cincinnati zoo, and the subsequent "tasteless" Internet sensationalism surrounding the event, was performed by Yung Jake, written by Yung Jake and Caroline Polachek, and produced by BloodPop.[257][258] The following year, Musk released an EDM track, "Don't Doubt Ur Vibe", featuring his own lyrics and vocals.[259] While The Guardian critic Alexi Petridis described it as "indistinguishable... from umpteen competent but unthrilling bits of bedroom electronica posted elsewhere on Soundcloud",[260] TechCrunch said it was "not a bad representation of the genre".[259]

Philanthropy

In 2012, Musk took the Giving Pledge, thereby committing to give the majority of his wealth to charitable causes either during his lifetimes or in his will.[261] He has endowed prizes at the X Prize Foundation, including $15 million to encourage innovation in addressing illiteracy[262] and $100 million to reward improved carbon capture technology.[263][264][265]

In 2020, Forbes gave Musk a philanthropy score of 1, because he had given away less than 1% of his net worth.[266] In November 2021, Musk donated $5.7 billion of Tesla's shares to charity; however,[267] Fortune magazine noted that no nonprofits subsequently announced receiving any money from Musk, despite his November 2021 regulatory filing citing earmarking 5.7 billion worth of his Tesla shares for charity.[268]

Musk Foundation

Musk is president of the Musk Foundation,[269] which states its purpose is to provide solar-power energy systems in disaster areas; support research, development, and advocacy (for interests including human space exploration, pediatrics, renewable energy and "safe artificial intelligence"); and support science and engineering educational efforts.[270][271] Since 2002, the foundation has made over 350 contributions. Around half were to scientific research or education nonprofits. Notable beneficiaries include the Wikimedia Foundation, his alma mater the University of Pennsylvania, and Kimbal's Big Green.[266] Vox described the foundation as "almost entertaining in its simplicity and yet is strikingly opaque", noting that its website was only 33 words in plain-text.[272] The foundation has been criticized for the relatively small amount of wealth donated.[273] From 2002 to 2018, it gave out $25 million directly to non-profits, nearly half of which went to Musk's OpenAI,[272] which was at the time a non-profit organization.[274]

Wealth

A graph of Musk's net worth from 2012 to 2021, displaying a roughly exponential trend
Musk's net worth from 2012 to 2021 as estimated by Forbes magazine

Musk made $175.8 million when PayPal was sold to eBay in 2002.[275] He was first listed on the Forbes Billionaires List in 2012, with a net worth of $2 billion.[276]

At the start of 2020, Musk had a net worth of $27 billion.[277] By the year's end his net worth had increased by $150 billion, largely driven by his ownership of around 20% of Tesla stock.[278] During this, Musk's net worth was often volatile. For example, it dropped $16.3 billion in September, the largest single-day plunge in the history of the Bloomberg Billionaires Index.[279] In November of that year, Musk passed Facebook co-founder Mark Zuckerberg to become the third-richest person in the world; a week later he passed Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates to become the second-richest.[280] In January 2021, Musk, with a net worth of $185 billion, surpassed Amazon founder Jeff Bezos to become the richest person in the world.[281] Bezos reclaimed the top spot the following month.[282] On September 27, 2021, Forbes announced that Musk had a net worth of over $200 billion, and was the richest person in the world, after Tesla stock surged.[283] In November 2021, Musk became the first person with a net worth over $300 billion.[284]

Around three-quarters of Musk's wealth derives from Tesla.[280] Musk does not receive a salary from Tesla; he agreed in 2018 to a compensation plan with the board that ties his personal earnings to Tesla's valuation and revenue.[278] The deal stipulated that Musk only receives the compensation if Tesla reaches certain market values.[285] It was the largest such deal ever done between a CEO and board.[286] In the first award, given in May 2020, he was eligible to purchase 1.69 million TSLA shares (about 1% of the company) at below-market prices, which was worth about $800 million.[286][285]

Musk paid $455 million in taxes on $1.52 billion of income between 2014 and 2018.[287] According to ProPublica, Musk paid no federal income taxes in 2018.[288] His 2021 tax bill was estimated at $12 billion based on his sale of $14 billion worth of Tesla stock.[287]

Musk has repeatedly described himself as "cash poor",[289][290] and has "professed to have little interest in the material trappings of wealth".[289] In 2012, Musk signed The Giving Pledge and, in May 2020, pledged to "sell almost all physical possessions".[263][290] In 2021 Musk defended his wealth by saying he is "accumulating resources to help make life multiplanetary [and] extend the light of consciousness to the stars".[291] In 2003, Musk said his favorite plane he owned was the L-39 Albatros.[292][293] He uses a private jet owned by SpaceX and acquired a second jet in August 2020.[294][295][296] The jet's heavy use of fossil fuels—it flew over 150,000 miles in 2018—has received criticism despite its utility in quickly traveling between widely flung businesses.[294][297][298]

Opinions

Main article: Views of Elon Musk

Politics

Musk converses with US Senator Dianne Feinstein beside a red Tesla
Musk converses with US Vice President Mike Pence, the Second Lady, and other officials
Musk with Senator Dianne Feinstein at the opening of the Tesla Fremont Factory (2010), and with Vice President Mike Pence at the Kennedy Space Center before SpaceX's Crew Dragon Demo-2 launch (2020)

Although often described as libertarian, Musk has called himself "politically moderate" and was a registered independent when he lived in California. The New York Times noted that Musk "expresses views that don't fit neatly into [the American] binary, left-right political framework."[299] Historically, Musk has donated to both Democrats and Republicans,[300] many of whom are in states in which he has a vested interest.[299] Musk has also been described as having a "charm offensive" to woo China and its markets for Tesla.[301]

Musk voted for Hillary Clinton in the 2016 U.S. presidential election.[302] In the 2020 Democratic presidential primaries, Musk endorsed candidate Andrew Yang and expressed support for his proposed universal basic income.[303] He also endorsed Kanye West's independent campaign in the 2020 general election,[304] but ultimately voted for Joe Biden in 2020.[302] In 2022, Musk said that he could "no longer support" the Democrats,[305][306][307][308] and leaned towards supporting Republican Ron DeSantis in the 2024 U.S. presidential election if he were a candidate.[309][310][311]

Prompted by the emergence of artificial intelligence, Musk has voiced support for a universal basic income;[312] he additionally backs direct democracy.[313] He supported targeting an inclusive tax rate of 40%, preferred consumption taxes to income taxes, and supported the estate tax.[314] Musk opposed a "billionaire tax",[315] and has tweeted insults at more progressive Democratic politicians like Bernie Sanders,[316][317][318] Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez,[319] and Elizabeth Warren.[320]

Musk's statements often provoked controversy, such as for mocking preferred gender pronouns,[244][321][322] comparing Canadian prime minister Justin Trudeau to Adolf Hitler in support of the 2022 Canada convoy protest,[323][324][325][326] and saying that the U.S. can "coup whoever we want".[327]

Sustainability of life on Earth & Mars colonization

Musk seated with Mohammad Al Gergawi at the 2017 World Government Summit
Musk and Mohammad Al Gergawi at the 2017 World Government Summit

Musk has described climate change as the greatest threat to humanity after AI,[328] and has advocated for a carbon tax.[329] Musk criticized then-president Donald Trump for his stance on climate change and after joining Trump's two business advisory councils,[330][331][332] Musk resigned from both in 2017 in protest against Trump's decision to withdraw the United States from the Paris Agreement.[333]

Musk has long promoted the colonization of Mars and argues that humanity should become a "multiplanetary species".[334] He has envisaged the use of nuclear weapons to terraform Mars.[335][336] He has stated that a theoretical government on Mars should be a direct democracy.[313]

Musk has also voiced concerns about human population decline,[337][338] saying that "Mars has zero human population. We need a lot of people to become a multiplanet civilization."[339] Speaking at The Wall Street Journal's CEO Council session in December 2021, Musk stated that declining birth rates and population is one of the biggest risks to human civilization.[340]

Technology

Musk has frequently spoken about the hypothetical existential threat AI poses to humanity.[341][342] Musk's opinions about AI have provoked controversy and have been criticized by experts such as Yann LeCun, who claimed Musk's panic was influenced by reading Nick Bostrom's book Superintelligence, and by Musk's attraction to the idea that he will save humanity.[343][344] Facebook's head of AI Jerome Pesenti said that Musk "has no idea what he's talking about when he talks about AI." He noted that Musk's comments about a future machine takeover distracts people from real, immediate AI concerns, such as AI algorithms exacerbating inequality.[345] Consequently, according to CNBC, Musk is "not always looked upon favorably" by the AI research community.[344][346][343] Mark Zuckerberg has clashed with Musk on the issue and called his AI warnings "pretty irresponsible".[347][348][349]

Musk has claimed that humans are probably living in a computer simulation.[350] Musk has said he cannot see the appeal of a virtual reality-driven metaverse.[351]

Despite The Boring Company's involvement in building mass transit infrastructure, Musk has criticized public transport and promoted individualized transport (private vehicles).[352][353][354] His comments have been called "elitist" and have sparked widespread criticism from both transportation and urban planning experts, who have pointed out that public transportation in dense urban areas is more economical, more energy efficient, and requires much less space than private cars.[353][355][354][263]

COVID-19

Avatar of Elon Musk
Avatar of Elon Musk
 Elon Musk
@elonmusk
 Twitter logo, a stylized blue bird

Based on current trends, probably close to zero new cases in US too by end of April

March 19, 2020[356]

Musk was criticized for his public comments and conduct related to the COVID-19 pandemic.[357][358] He spread misinformation about the virus, including promoting a widely discredited paper on the benefits of chloroquine and a study that suggested doctors inflated COVID-19 case numbers for financial gain.[359][360][361]

In March 2020, Musk stated, "The coronavirus panic is dumb."[362][363] In an email to Tesla employees, Musk referred to COVID-19 as a "specific form of the common cold" and predicted that confirmed COVID-19 cases would not exceed 0.1% of the US population.[364][357] On March 19, 2020, Musk predicted that there would be "probably close to zero new cases in [the US] by end of April".[358][365] Politico labeled this statement one of "the most audacious, confident and spectacularly incorrect prognostications [of 2020]".[366] Musk also claimed falsely that children "are essentially immune" to COVID-19.[367][368]

Musk repeatedly condemned COVID-19 lockdowns and refused to close the Tesla Fremont factory in March 2020, defying the local shelter-in-place order.[357][369][370][371] In May 2020, he reopened the Tesla factory, defying the local stay-at-home order,[372][373] and warned workers that they would be unpaid and their pandemic unemployment benefits might be jeopardized if they did not report to work.[373]

In March 2020, Musk promised that Tesla would make ventilators for COVID-19 patients if there was a shortage.[374] After figures like New York City mayor Bill de Blasio responded to Musk's offer,[375] Musk said he thought the ventilators which Tesla was working on would probably be unneeded.[376] Later, Musk offered to donate ventilators which Tesla would build or buy from a third party.[374] However, instead of the much more expensive and sought-after invasive mechanical ventilator (IMV) machines, Musk eventually bought and donated medical devices that hospitals noted were BiPAP and CPAP machines.[377][378][379]

In September 2020, Musk stated that he would not get the COVID-19 vaccine, because he and his children were "not at risk for COVID".[380][381][382] Two months later, Musk contracted COVID-19 and suggested his COVID-19 rapid antigen test results were dubious, after which the phrase "Space Karen" trended on Twitter, in reference to Musk.[383][384][361] However, in December 2021, Musk revealed that he and his eligible children had received the vaccine.[385]

Finance

Musk has stated that he does not believe the US government should provide subsidies to companies; instead they should use a carbon tax to discourage poor behavior.[386][387] Musk says that the free market would achieve the best solution, and that producing environmentally unfriendly vehicles should come with its own consequences.[388] His stance has been called hypocritical as Tesla has received billions of dollars in subsidies.[389][390] In addition, Tesla made large sums from government-initiated systems of zero emissions credits offered in California and the United States federal level, which enabled improved initial consumer adoption of Tesla vehicles, as the tax credits given by governments enabled Tesla's battery electric vehicles to be price-competitive, in relative comparison with existing lower-priced internal combustion engine vehicles.[391] Notably, Tesla generates a sizeable portion of its revenue from its sales of carbon credits granted to the company, by both the European Union Emissions Trading System and the Chinese national carbon trading scheme.[392][393][394][395]

Musk, a longtime opponent of short-selling, has repeatedly criticized the practice and argued it should be illegal.[396][397] Musk's opposition to short-selling has been speculated to stem from how short-sellers often organize and publish opposition research about the companies that they believe are currently overvalued.[398] In early 2021, he encouraged the GameStop short squeeze.[399][400]

Cryptocurrency

Musk has promoted cryptocurrencies, stating that he supports them over traditional government-issued fiat currencies.[401] Given the influence of Musk's tweets on moving cryptocurrency markets,[402] his statements around cryptocurrencies have been viewed as market manipulations by some, such as the critic Nouriel Roubini.[403] Musk's social media praising of Bitcoin and Dogecoin was credited for increasing their prices. Consequently, Tesla's 2021 announcement that it bought $1.5 billion worth of Bitcoin raised questions against the backdrop of Musk's social media behavior.[404] Tesla's announcement that it would accept Bitcoin for payment was criticized by environmentalists and investors due to the environmental impact of cryptocurrency mining; in 2021, the energy consumption of Bitcoin mining, which has built-in energy inefficiency, exceeded that of Argentina. A few months later, in response to the criticism, Musk announced on Twitter that Tesla would no longer accept Bitcoin and would not engage in any Bitcoin transactions until the environmental issues are solved.[405][406]

Personal life

Marriages, dating life, and children

Musk met his first wife, Canadian Justine Wilson, while attending Queen's University, and they married in 2000.[407] He contracted malaria in 2000 while on vacation in South Africa, and nearly died.[408] In 2002, their first child, son Nevada Alexander Musk, died of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) at the age of 10 weeks.[409] After his death, the couple decided to use IVF to continue their family.[410] Twins Vivian and Griffin were born in April 2004, followed by triplets Kai, Saxon, and Damian in 2006.[410] The couple divorced in 2008 and share custody of their five sons.[407][411][412]

In 2008, Musk began dating English actor Talulah Riley.[413] They married in September 2010 at Dornoch Cathedral in Scotland.[414][415] In 2012, he announced a divorce from Riley.[416][417] In 2013, Musk and Riley remarried. In December 2014, he filed for a second divorce from Riley; however, the action was withdrawn.[418] A second divorce was finalized in 2016.[419] Musk then dated Amber Heard for several months in 2017;[420][421] he had reportedly been pursuing her since 2012.[421] Musk was later accused by Johnny Depp of having an affair with Heard while she was still married to Depp.[422][423][424] Musk and Heard both denied the affair.[422]

In 2018, Musk and Canadian musician Grimes revealed that they were dating.[425][426][427] Grimes gave birth to their son in May 2020.[428][429] According to Musk and Grimes, his name was "X Æ A-12"; however, the name would have violated California regulations as it contained characters that are not in the modern English alphabet,[430][431] and was then changed to "X Æ A-Xii". This drew more confusion, as Æ is not a letter in the modern English alphabet.[432] The child was eventually named "X AE A-XII" Musk, with "X" as a first name, "AE A-XII" as a middle name, and "Musk" as surname.[433] Musk confirmed reports that the couple are "semi-separated" in September 2021; in an interview with Time in December 2021, he said he was single.[434][435][436] In March 2022, Grimes said of her relationship with Musk: "I would probably refer to him as my boyfriend, but we're very fluid." She further revealed that their first daughter, Exa Dark Sideræl Musk, nicknamed Y, was born in December 2021 via surrogate.[2] Later that month, Grimes tweeted that she and Musk had broken up again "but he's my best friend and the love of my life."[437]

Sexual misconduct allegation

In May 2022, a Business Insider article alleged that Musk engaged in sexual misconduct with a SpaceX flight attendant in a private jet in 2016. According to the article, citing an anonymous friend of a flight attendant, in November 2018, Musk, SpaceX and the former flight attendant entered into a severance agreement granting the attendant a $250,000 payment in exchange for a promise not to sue over the claims.[438]

Musk stated, "If I were inclined to engage in sexual harassment, this is unlikely to be the first time in my entire 30-year career that it comes to light". Musk accused the article from Business Insider of being a "politically motivated hit piece".[439][440] He also suggested that the scandal should be known as "Elongate".[441][undue weight? – discuss]

After the release of the Business Insider article, Tesla's stock fell by more than 6%,[442] decreasing Musk's net worth by $10 billion.[443] The financial newspaper Barron's wrote "...some investors considered key-man risk - the danger that a company could be badly hurt by the loss of one individual."[444]

Residence

From the early 2000s until late 2020, Musk resided in California where both Tesla and SpaceX were founded and where their headquarters are still located.[445] In 2020, he moved to Texas, stating that California had become "complacent" with its economic success.[445][446]

Health

While hosting Saturday Night Live in May 2021, Musk stated that he has Asperger syndrome.[447] The BBC wrote, "It is thought to be the first time Mr Musk has spoken about his condition."[448]

Public recognition

Musk has made multiple cameos and appearances in films such as Iron Man 2 (2010),[449] Machete Kills (2013),[450] Why Him? (2016),[451] and Men in Black: International (2019).[452] Television series on which he has appeared include The Simpsons ("The Musk Who Fell to Earth", 2015),[453] The Big Bang Theory ("The Platonic Permutation", 2015),[454] South Park ("Members Only", 2016),[455][456] Rick and Morty ("One Crew over the Crewcoo's Morty", 2019),[457][458] Young Sheldon ("A Patch, a Modem, and a Zantac®", 2017)[459] and Saturday Night Live (2021).[460] He has contributed interviews to the documentaries Racing Extinction (2015) and the Werner Herzog-directed Lo and Behold (2016).[461][462]

In China, Musk has become a "trademark phenomenon" according to SCMP, with over 270 different companies having registered trademarks using his English name or Chinese transliteration, for a multitude of products including printing, restaurants, textiles, and design.[463]

Accolades

Main article: List of awards and honors received by Elon Musk

Musk was elected a fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2018.[464] In 2015 he received an honorary doctorate in engineering and technology at Yale[465] and IEEE Honorary Membership.[466] Awards for his contributions to the development of the Falcon rockets include the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics George Low Transportation Award in 2008,[467] the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale Gold Space Medal in 2010,[468] and the Royal Aeronautical Society Gold Medal in 2012.[469] He was listed among Time magazine's 100 Most Influential People in 2010,[470] 2013,[471] 2018,[472] and 2021.[473] Musk was selected as Time's "Person of the Year" for 2021. Time editor-in-chief Edward Felsenthal wrote that "Person of the Year is a marker of influence, and few individuals have had more influence than Musk on life on Earth, and potentially life off Earth too".[474][475] In 2022, Musk was elected as a member into the National Academy of Engineering.[476]

Notes and references

Notes

  1. ^ One child is deceased.[3]
  2. ^ Musk remained on the board and served as an advisor.[67][68]
  3. ^ SpaceX received nearly $900 million in Federal Communications Commission subsidies for Starlink.[95][96]
  4. ^ Musk stated he was considering taking Tesla private at a price of $420 a share, an alleged reference to marijuana.[146] Members of Tesla's board and rapper Azealia Banks alleged that Musk may have been under the influence of recreational drugs when he wrote the tweet.[147][148]

References and citations

  1. ^ "90184L102 (CUSIP Number)". www.sec.gov. US Securities and Exchange Commission. March 14, 2022. Retrieved April 4, 2022. Item 2. (c) Citizenship United States
  2. ^ a b Gordon, Devin (March 10, 2022). ""Infamy Is Kind Of Fun": Grimes on Music, Mars, and—Surprise!—Her Secret New Baby With Elon Musk". Vanity Fair. Condé Nast. Retrieved March 10, 2022.
  3. ^ Petter, Olivia (July 26, 2020). "'There's Not Much I Can Do': Elon Musk Admits Grimes Does Majority Of Childcare For Two-month Old Son". The Independent. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved January 8, 2021.
  4. ^ "Elon Musk". Forbes.
  5. ^ "Bloomberg Billionaires Index". Bloomberg. Retrieved June 5, 2022.
  6. ^ "Real Time Billionaires". Forbes. Retrieved June 5, 2022.
  7. ^ a b c d e Eligon, John; Chutel, Lynsey (May 5, 2022). "Elon Musk Left a South Africa That Was Rife With Misinformation and White Privilege". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 5, 2022.
  8. ^ Vance (2015), pp. 25, 31.
  9. ^ His biography author Ashlee Vance interviewed on the TV show Triangulation on the TWiT.tv network, discussion of his family starts around the 15th minute
  10. ^ Vargas, Chanel (March 6, 2018). "11 Things to Know About Stunning 69-Year-Old Model Maye Musk". Town & Country. Archived from the original on March 7, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2020.
  11. ^ a b Usborne, Simon (February 21, 2018). "Meet the Musks: who's who in Elon's extended family?". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on May 27, 2020. Retrieved March 25, 2020.
  12. ^ * May, Dana Hull and Patrick. "Exploring the otherworldly ambitions of Elon Musk". The Buffalo News. Retrieved October 24, 2021.
  13. ^ Smith, Adam (June 28, 2021). "50 years of Elon Musk's huge wealth, from emeralds to SpaceX and Tesla". The Independent. Archived from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved December 20, 2021.
  14. ^ "The Musk of Romance". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Archived from the original on September 2, 2020. Retrieved September 2, 2020.
  15. ^ a b Hull, Dana; May, Patrick (April 10, 2014). "2014: Rocket Man: The otherworldly ambitions of Elon Musk". The Mercury News. Archived from the original on September 6, 2016. Retrieved April 7, 2021.
  16. ^ Keating, Joseph C. Jr. (September 1995). "Joshua N Haldeman, DC: the Canadian Years, 1926–1950". The Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association. PMC 2485067.
  17. ^ Vance (2015), pp. 26–30
  18. ^ a b Hall, Dana (April 11, 2014). "Rocket Man: The otherworldly ambitions of Elon Musk". San Jose Mercury News. Archived from the original on April 14, 2014. Retrieved April 14, 2014.
  19. ^ Elliott, Hannah (March 26, 2012). "At Home With Elon Musk: The (Soon-to-Be) Bachelor Billionaire". Forbes. Archived from the original on May 27, 2012. Retrieved May 30, 2015.
  20. ^ Vance (2015), pp. 31–32
  21. ^ Vance (2015), Chapter 2: Africa.
  22. ^ a b c d Strauss, Neil (November 15, 2017). "Elon Musk: The Architect of Tomorrow". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on August 17, 2020. Retrieved November 15, 2017.
  23. ^ Crilly, Rob (March 25, 2018). "Elon Musk's father has baby with step-daughter he has known since she was four". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on April 26, 2021. Retrieved March 26, 2018.
  24. ^ "Elon Musk reveals Tesla's plan to be at the forefront of a self-driving-car revolution — and why he wants to be buried on Mars". Business Insider.
  25. ^ Grubb, Jeff (April 7, 2015). "How games helped make Elon Musk the real-life Tony Stark". VentureBeat. Archived from the original on March 29, 2019. Retrieved January 12, 2019.
  26. ^ Vance (2015), p. 38.
  27. ^ O'Kane, Sean (June 9, 2015). "Play the PC game Elon Musk wrote as a pre-teen". The Verge. New York City: Vox. Archived from the original on February 7, 2018. Retrieved January 12, 2019.
  28. ^ Belfiore (2007), pp. 166–95.
  29. ^ Vance (2015), pp. 33–34.
  30. ^ Vance (2015), pp. 40–41.
  31. ^ a b Mak, Aaron (December 4, 2019). "Elon Musk Says "Pedo Guy" Was a Common Insult in His Youth. We Checked With His Schoolmates". Slate. Archived from the original on October 6, 2020. Retrieved December 7, 2019.
  32. ^ Junod, Tom (November 15, 2012). "Elon Musk: Triumph of His Will". Esquire. Archived from the original on August 18, 2020. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
  33. ^ a b Clifford, Catherine (June 12, 2018). "Multi-billionaire Elon Musk: 'I arrived in North America at 17 with $2,000'". CNBC. Archived from the original on August 2, 2020. Retrieved September 14, 2020.
  34. ^ Vance (2015), p. 44.
  35. ^ Vance (2015), pp. 43–44.
  36. ^ Vance (2015), p. 45.
  37. ^ Vance (2015), p. 46.
  38. ^ Henry, Zoe (May 19, 2015). "The Scrappy Habit That Made Young Elon Musk a Successful Entrepreneur". Inc. Retrieved June 18, 2022.
  39. ^ Vance (2015), pp. 46–47.
  40. ^ Locke, Taylor (December 20, 2019). "Elon Musk's college pal: This is what 'differentiates Elon from the rest of humanity'". CNBC. Archived from the original on December 14, 2020. Retrieved January 8, 2021.
  41. ^ Hull, Dana (April 11, 2014). "Timeline: Elon Musk's accomplishments". Mercury News. Archived from the original on June 10, 2020. Retrieved June 11, 2015.
  42. ^ Zanerhaft, Jaron (2013). "Elon Musk: Patriarchs and Prodigies". CSQ. C-Suite Quarterly. Archived from the original on May 3, 2015. Retrieved June 11, 2015.
  43. ^ Meisenzahl, Elizabeth. "SpaceX, founded by Penn graduate Elon Musk, launches U.S. astronauts into space". thedp.com. Archived from the original on August 7, 2020. Retrieved June 1, 2020.
  44. ^ "How internships helped Elon Musk figure out his future". CNBC. July 16, 2018. Archived from the original on December 28, 2019. Retrieved December 28, 2019.
  45. ^ Vance (2015), p. 368.
  46. ^ Maidment, Paul (March 15, 2016). "7 college dropouts who made millions". CNBC. Archived from the original on May 15, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2020.
  47. ^ "A Deep Dive into Elon Musk's Investments: The Makings of a Billionaire". Toptal Finance Blog. Retrieved May 19, 2022.
  48. ^ a b c Huddlestone, Tom Jr. (June 19, 2018). "Elon Musk slept on his office couch and 'showered at the YMCA' while starting his first company". CNBC. Archived from the original on August 18, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020.
  49. ^ Chafkin, Max (December 1, 2007). "Entrepreneur of the Year, 2007: Elon Musk". Inc. Archived from the original on December 28, 2007. Retrieved February 22, 2022.
  50. ^ Fox, Emily Jane (October 21, 2015). "How Elon Musk's Mom (and her Twin Sister) Raised the First Family of Tech". Vanity Fair. Retrieved March 24, 2022.
  51. ^ "Zip2 Founder Launches 2nd Firm: Readies Financial Supersite. – Free Online Library". www.thefreelibrary.com. Archived from the original on April 12, 2021. Retrieved April 12, 2021.
  52. ^ Kidder (2013), pp. 224–228.
  53. ^ Cooper, Charles. "CitySearch, Zip2 to merge in $300 million deal". ZDNet. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
  54. ^ Vance (2015), p. 67.
  55. ^ Vance (2015), p. 14.
  56. ^ Junnarkar, Sandeep (February 16, 1999). "Compaq buys Zip2". CNET. Archived from the original on October 21, 2014. Retrieved December 13, 2020.
  57. ^ "History of Zip2". October 8, 2003. Retrieved June 8, 2022.
  58. ^ Vance (2015), p. 109.
  59. ^ Vance (2015), p. 78.
  60. ^ Vance (2015), p. 84.
  61. ^ a b Vance (2015), p. 86.
  62. ^ Jackson (2004), pp. 40, 69, 130, 163.
  63. ^ Vance (2015), p. 85.
  64. ^ Vance (2015), pp. 85–86.
  65. ^ Vance (2015), pp. 86–87.
  66. ^ Vance (2015), pp. 87–88.
  67. ^ "The PayPal Mafia". Fortune. Archived from the original on May 23, 2017. Retrieved July 4, 2015.
  68. ^ a b Vance (2015), p. 89.
  69. ^ Odell, Mark (September 30, 2014). "Timeline: The rise of PayPal". Financial Times. Archived from the original on June 22, 2020. Retrieved April 3, 2020.
  70. ^ "SEC 10-K". PayPal. December 31, 2001. Archived from the original on August 25, 2020.
  71. ^ Vance (2015), pp. 116.
  72. ^ Huang, Echo. "Elon Musk bought a web domain worth millions with "sentimental value" to him". Quartz. Archived from the original on June 25, 2020. Retrieved April 3, 2020.
  73. ^ Statt, Nick (July 10, 2017). "Elon Musk now owns X.com, the defunct domain of his second startup". The Verge. Archived from the original on June 25, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2020.
  74. ^ Vance (2015), pp. 99, 102—103.
  75. ^ a b Vance, Ashlee (May 14, 2015). "Elon Musk's space dream almost killed Tesla". BloombergL.P. Archived from the original on February 23, 2017. Retrieved June 7, 2015.
  76. ^ Wayne, Leslie (February 5, 2006). "A Bold Plan to Go Where Men Have Gone Before". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved February 16, 2015.
  77. ^ California Business Search (C2414622 – Space Exploration Technologies Corp), archived from the original on February 23, 2018, retrieved December 13, 2020
  78. ^ Koren, Marina (May 6, 2021). "Elon Musk Is Maybe, Actually, Strangely, Going to Do This Mars Thing". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on May 31, 2022. Retrieved June 8, 2022.
  79. ^ Berger (2021), pp. 178–182.
  80. ^ Dunbar, Brian. "NASA Invests in Private Sector Space Flight with SpaceX, Rocketplane-Kistler". www.nasa.gov (Press release). Archived from the original on September 8, 2021. Retrieved December 2, 2021.
  81. ^ Berger (2021), p. 216.
  82. ^ Ledur, Júlia (May 1, 2019). "Falcon Flights". Reuters. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved February 10, 2021.
  83. ^ Chang, Kenneth (May 22, 2012). "Big Day for a Space Entrepreneur Promising More". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 1, 2017. Retrieved January 11, 2021.
  84. ^ Harwood, William (May 31, 2012). "SpaceX Dragon returns to Earth, ends historic trip". CBS News. Archived from the original on April 22, 2016. Retrieved August 3, 2013.
  85. ^ "SpaceX rocket in historic upright landing". BBC News. December 22, 2015. Archived from the original on August 31, 2019. Retrieved June 30, 2016.
  86. ^ O'Kane, Sean (May 27, 2016). "SpaceX successfully lands a Falcon 9 rocket at sea for the third time". The Verge. Vox Media. Archived from the original on June 27, 2016. Retrieved June 30, 2016.
  87. ^ Drake, Nadia (February 25, 2018). "Elon Musk's Tesla in Space Could Crash Into Earth". National Geographic. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved February 10, 2021.
  88. ^ Chow, Denise (November 6, 2019). "'Starman' and the Tesla Roadster that SpaceX launched into orbit have now cruised beyond Mars". NBC News. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved February 10, 2021.
  89. ^ "Starship Update". YouTube. September 28, 2019. Archived from the original on December 13, 2020. Retrieved December 13, 2020.
  90. ^ "Elon Musk Says SpaceX Will Send Yusaku Maezawa (and Artists!) to the Moon". Wired. September 18, 2018. Archived from the original on July 16, 2019. Retrieved May 27, 2019.
  91. ^ Wattles, Jackie (May 30, 2020). "SpaceX and NASA launch Crew Dragon in Florida: Live updates". CNN. Archived from the original on August 29, 2020. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
  92. ^ Johnson, Eric M.; Roulette, Joey (October 31, 2018). "Musk shakes up SpaceX in race to make satellite launch window: sources". Reuters. Archived from the original on May 18, 2020. Retrieved March 28, 2021.
  93. ^ Hall, Shannon (June 1, 2019). "After SpaceX Starlink Launch, a Fear of Satellites That Outnumber All Visible Stars – Images of the Starlink constellation in orbit have rattled astronomers around the world". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 21, 2020. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
  94. ^ Shepardson, David; Roulette, Joey (July 30, 2020). "Taking on SpaceX, Amazon to invest $10 billion in satellite broadband plan". Reuters. Archived from the original on January 7, 2021. Retrieved January 12, 2021.
  95. ^ Sheetz, Michael (December 7, 2020). "SpaceX's Starlink wins nearly $900 million in FCC subsidies to bring internet to rural areas". CNBC. Archived from the original on December 16, 2020. Retrieved January 12, 2021.
  96. ^ Wattles, Jackie (December 8, 2020). "SpaceX gets almost $900 million in federal subsidies to deliver broadband to rural America". CNN. Archived from the original on December 18, 2020. Retrieved January 12, 2021.
  97. ^ Sheetz, Michael (March 22, 2022). "Elon Musk's SpaceX sent thousands of Starlink satellite internet dishes to Ukraine, company's president says". CNBC. Archived from the original on March 27, 2022. Retrieved March 28, 2022.
  98. ^ Ivana Saric (March 6, 2022). "Zelensky thanks Elon Musk for sending Starlink satellites to Ukraine". Axios. Archived from the original on March 22, 2022. Retrieved March 22, 2022.
  99. ^ Zoe Tidman (March 6, 2022). "Ukraine's Zelensky thanks Elon Musk for sending Starlink systems". The Independent. Archived from the original on March 22, 2022. Retrieved March 22, 2022.
  100. ^ "SpaceX's Musk says Starlink has been told by some governments to block Russian news". Reuters. March 6, 2022. Archived from the original on April 4, 2022. Retrieved April 5, 2022.
  101. ^ Porter, Jon (April 4, 2022). "Elon Musk buys 9.2 percent of Twitter amid complaints about free speech". The Verge. Archived from the original on April 4, 2022. Retrieved April 5, 2022.
  102. ^ Griffin, Andrew (December 30, 2021). "Elon Musk rejects criticism that his satellite fleet is dangerous". The Independent. Archived from the original on December 30, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2021.
  103. ^ "Elon Musk rejects claims that his satellites are hogging space". BBC News. December 30, 2021. Archived from the original on December 31, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2021.
  104. ^ Pultarova, Tereza (April 27, 2021). "Astronomers ask UN committee to protect night skies from megaconstellations". Space.com. Archived from the original on April 27, 2021.
  105. ^ "International Astronomical Union CPS Vision and Mission". Archived from the original on June 7, 2022. Retrieved June 8, 2022.
  106. ^ Burns, Matt (October 8, 2014). "A Brief History of Tesla". TechCrunch. Archived from the original on March 6, 2018. Retrieved June 11, 2015.
  107. ^ Nordqvist, Joseph (February 12, 2014). "Tesla Motors Inc. – Company Information". Market Business News. Archived from the original on February 12, 2014. Retrieved April 16, 2014.
  108. ^ Vance (2015), pp. 153–154.
  109. ^ Burns, Matt (October 8, 2014). "A Brief History of Tesla". TechCrunch. Archived from the original on July 17, 2015. Retrieved July 17, 2015. Tesla was founded not by Elon Musk, but rather by Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning in July 2003. The two bootstrapped the fledgling auto company until Elon Musk led the company's US$7.5 million Series A financing round in February 2004.
  110. ^ Vance (2015), p. 159.
  111. ^ Schilling, Melissa (2018). Quirky: The remarkable story of the traits, foibles, and genius of breakthrough innovators who changed the world. PublicAffairs.
  112. ^ Morrison, Chris (October 15, 2008). "Musk steps in as CEO". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 4, 2016. Retrieved December 13, 2020.
  113. ^ "Elon Musk: The Story of a Maverick". interestingengineering.com. August 13, 2020. Archived from the original on March 16, 2021. Retrieved April 3, 2021.
  114. ^ LaMonica, Martin (September 2009). "Tesla Motors founders: Now there are five". CNET. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved April 17, 2020. Tesla Motors and co-founder Martin Eberhard announced an agreement over who can claim to be a founder of the company on Monday.
  115. ^ Schwartz, Ariel (September 21, 2009). "Tesla Lawsuit Drama Ends as Five Company Founders Emerge". Fast Company. Archived from the original on June 6, 2015. Retrieved April 14, 2020. Eberhard and Musk have reached a rather unexpected resolution–instead of agreeing to share the title of "founder", the pair has designated five people as company founders, including Musk, Eberhard, JB Straubel, Mark Tarpenning, and Ian Wright.
  116. ^ Royse, Dave (July 8, 2019). "Industry Shift: With Four Departures This Year, Who Is The Longest-Tenured Automotive CEO?". Yahoo. Archived from the original on December 29, 2019. Retrieved June 8, 2022.
  117. ^ Shead, Sam (March 15, 2021). "Elon Musk has officially been made the 'Technoking of Tesla'". CNBC. Archived from the original on January 12, 2022. Retrieved January 28, 2022.
  118. ^ Wilson, Kevin A. (March 15, 2018). "Worth the Watt: A Brief History of the Electric Car, 1830 to Present". Car and Driver. Archived from the original on March 17, 2021. Retrieved March 30, 2021.
  119. ^ Boudreau, John (June 22, 2012). "In a Silicon Valley milestone, Tesla Motors begins delivering Model S electric cars". San Jose Mercury News. Archived from the original on November 24, 2012. Retrieved June 22, 2012.
  120. ^ Ruddick, Graham (September 30, 2015). "Tesla's Model X electric car spreads falcon wings at U.S. launch". The Guardian. Archived from the original on June 2, 2017. Retrieved November 4, 2015.
  121. ^ "Tesla Model X: Not a model launch". Fortune. Archived from the original on November 12, 2017. Retrieved November 4, 2015.
  122. ^ Vlasic, Bill (July 29, 2017). "In Pivotal Moment, Tesla Unveils Its First Mass-Market Sedan". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 9, 2021. Retrieved February 9, 2021.
  123. ^ Gibbs, Samuel (July 31, 2017). "Tesla Model 3 doesn't have a key – and seven other things we learned". The Guardian. Archived from the original on February 9, 2021. Retrieved February 9, 2021.
  124. ^ Shahan, Zachary (August 26, 2021). "Tesla Model 3 Has Passed 1 Million Sales". CleanTechnica. Archived from the original on September 4, 2021. Retrieved August 26, 2021.
  125. ^ Holland, Maximilian (March 10, 2020). "Tesla Passes 1 Million EV Milestone & Model 3 Becomes All Time Best Seller". CleanTechnica. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 20, 2020.
  126. ^ O'Kane, Sean (March 16, 2020). "Tesla Model Y deliveries begin in the US". The Verge. Archived from the original on March 17, 2020. Retrieved February 14, 2021.
  127. ^ Huddlestone, Tom Jr. (November 22, 2019). "This is the James Bond sports car Elon Musk bought for nearly $1 million that inspired Tesla Cybertruck". CNBC. Archived from the original on November 27, 2019. Retrieved September 19, 2020.
  128. ^ "Does Musk's Gigafactory Make Sense?". April 14, 2019. Archived from the original on December 13, 2020. Retrieved December 7, 2019.
  129. ^ "Inside Tesla's Gigafactory: A Crazy Idea Takes Shape In Nevada". Forbes. July 27, 2016. Archived from the original on December 28, 2019. Retrieved December 7, 2019.
  130. ^ Carr, Austin; Eckhouse, Brian (November 20, 2018). "Did Elon Musk Forget About Buffalo?". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved May 2, 2022.
  131. ^ "Tesla's Musk says Shanghai factory breaking ground". ABC news. January 7, 2019. Archived from the original on August 3, 2020.
  132. ^ Carlson, Kara (April 7, 2022). "Inside Elon's big, weird Austin party: Music, robots — and even a petting zoo". Austin American-Statesman. Archived from the original on April 9, 2022. Retrieved April 9, 2022.
  133. ^ "Tesla opens Giga Berlin factory in Germany". dw.com. March 22, 2022. Retrieved March 22, 2022.
  134. ^ "With First Share Offering, Tesla Bets on Electric Car's Future". The New York Times. Associated Press. June 28, 2010. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved February 9, 2021.
  135. ^ "Tesla overtakes Toyota to become world's most valuable carmaker". BBC News. July 1, 2020. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved February 9, 2021.
  136. ^ Boudette, Neal E. (July 2, 2020). "Tesla Shines During the Pandemic as Other Automakers Struggle". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved February 9, 2021.
  137. ^ Li, Yun (December 20, 2021). "Tesla shares fall 6% as it enters the S&P 500 with 1.69% weighting, fifth largest". CNBC. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved February 9, 2021.
  138. ^ "Tesla Stock Joins the S&P 500: A Game Changer". The Wall Street Journal. December 21, 2020. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved February 9, 2021.
  139. ^ Isidore, Chris (October 26, 2021). "Tesla is now worth more than $1 trillion". CNN. Archived from the original on November 14, 2021. Retrieved November 14, 2021.
  140. ^ a b Haselton, Todd (November 13, 2021). "Elon Musk sold about $6.9 billion in Tesla stock this week". CNBC. Archived from the original on June 8, 2022. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
  141. ^ "Elon Musk Twitter profile". Twitter. Archived from the original on November 6, 2021. Retrieved November 14, 2021.
  142. ^ Jin, Hyunjoo (December 30, 2021). "Tesla's Musk exercises all of his stock options expiring next year". Reuters. Archived from the original on May 31, 2022. Retrieved June 8, 2022.
  143. ^ Michaels, Dave (February 24, 2022). "WSJ News Exclusive | SEC Probes Trading by Elon Musk and Brother in Wake of Tesla CEO's Sales". Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on March 3, 2022. Retrieved March 3, 2022.
  144. ^ "SEC.gov | Elon Musk Charged With Securities Fraud for Misleading Tweets". www.sec.gov. Archived from the original on February 1, 2022. Retrieved February 1, 2022.
  145. ^ a b Goldstein, Matthew (September 27, 2018). "S.E.C. Sues Tesla's Elon Musk for Fraud and Seeks to Bar Him From Running a Public Company". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved September 27, 2018.
  146. ^ Choudhury, Saheli Roy (September 28, 2018). "SEC says Musk chose $420 price for Tesla shares because it's a pot reference". CNBC. Archived from the original on October 6, 2020. Retrieved September 17, 2020.
  147. ^ Swisher, Kara (August 23, 2018). "How and Why Silicon Valley Gets High". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 24, 2018. Retrieved May 11, 2021.
  148. ^ Woodyard, Chris (August 30, 2018). "Elon Musk's tweet on taking Tesla private now dogged by drugs claim from rapper Azealia Banks". USA Today. Archived from the original on May 12, 2021. Retrieved May 11, 2021.
  149. ^ Patnaik, Subrat; Kalia, Shubham (September 28, 2018). "Factbox – 'Funding secured': SEC gives timeline surrounding tweet from Tesla's Musk". Reuters. Archived from the original on November 23, 2019. Retrieved November 23, 2018.
  150. ^ O'Kane, Sean; Lopatto, Elizabeth (September 27, 2018). "Elon Musk sued by SEC for securities fraud". The Verge. Archived from the original on July 30, 2020. Retrieved September 27, 2018.
  151. ^ "Elon Musk forced to step down as chairman of Tesla, remains CEO". The Verge. Archived from the original on May 27, 2020. Retrieved September 29, 2018.
  152. ^ "SEC.gov | Elon Musk Settles SEC Fraud Charges; Tesla Charged With and Resolves Securities Law Charge". www.sec.gov. Archived from the original on January 28, 2022. Retrieved February 1, 2022.
  153. ^ "Tesla's Elon Musk says tweet that led to $20 million fine 'Worth It'". Reuters. October 27, 2018. Archived from the original on May 22, 2020. Retrieved December 9, 2018.
  154. ^ Youn, Soo; Katersky, Aaron (October 11, 2018). "Elon Musk commits to SEC settlement despite mocking tweets". ABC News. Archived from the original on October 23, 2019. Retrieved October 17, 2018.
  155. ^ Ohnsman, Alan. "Elon Musk's Tesla Tweet Puts CEO Role At Risk Again". Forbes. Archived from the original on May 28, 2020. Retrieved February 26, 2019.
  156. ^ Wattles, Jackie (April 27, 2019). "Elon Musk and SEC reach an agreement over tweeting". CNN Business. Archived from the original on June 8, 2020. Retrieved July 16, 2019.
  157. ^ Marino-Nachison, David (April 26, 2019). "Tesla CEO Elon Musk Gets a Long Do-Not-Tweet List From the SEC". Barrons. Archived from the original on January 22, 2020. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
  158. ^ Bursztynsky, Jessica (May 1, 2020). "Tesla shares tank after Elon Musk tweets the stock price is 'too high'". CNBC. Archived from the original on August 18, 2020. Retrieved June 14, 2020.
  159. ^ "Court Rules That No One Can Stop Elon Musk From Tweeting Tesla News—For Now". Observer. May 20, 2020. Archived from the original on October 30, 2020. Retrieved December 1, 2020.
  160. ^ Elliott, Dave; Michaels, Rebecca (June 2, 2021). "WSJ News Exclusive: Tesla Failed to Oversee Elon Musk's Tweets, SEC Argued in Letters". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on June 10, 2021. Retrieved June 10, 2021.
  161. ^ Kanellos, Michael (February 15, 2008). "Newsmaker: Elon Musk on rockets, sports cars, and solar power". CNET. Archived from the original on January 29, 2014. Retrieved December 13, 2020.
  162. ^ "2013 Top 250 Solar Contractors". Solar Power World. September 13, 2013. Archived from the original on October 10, 2017. Retrieved December 13, 2020.
  163. ^ Smith, Aaron (June 17, 2014). "Elon Musk's sunny plans for Buffalo". CNNMoney. Archived from the original on October 9, 2017. Retrieved December 13, 2020.
  164. ^ Kolodny, Lora (February 26, 2020). "Tesla, Panasonic will reportedly stop joint solar cell production at Gigafactory 2 in Buffalo". CNBC. Archived from the original on August 8, 2020. Retrieved September 1, 2020.
  165. ^ "The highs, lows and legacy of Panasonic's doomed project in Buffalo". www.bizjournals.com. Archived from the original on November 23, 2020. Retrieved April 3, 2021.
  166. ^ Kolodny, Lora; Bursztynsky, Jessica (April 27, 2022). "Elon Musk wins shareholder lawsuit over Tesla's $2.6 billion SolarCity acquisition". CNBC. Retrieved June 7, 2022. According to emails that were part of evidence in the trial, Musk wrote an e-mail to SolarCity CFO Brad Buss on Sept. 18, 2016, saying that to get Tesla investors on board with the deal, SolarCity needed to get a handle on its liquidity problem and sign a letter of intent for a contract with Panasonic.
  167. ^ Strong, Michael (March 16, 2020). "Shareholder $2.2B Lawsuit Against Tesla CEO Musk Halted After Trial Postponed Due to Coronavirus". The Detroit Bureau. Archived from the original on September 14, 2020. Retrieved September 1, 2020.
  168. ^ Mitchell, Russ (September 23, 2019). "Elon Musk knew SolarCity was going broke before merger with Tesla, lawsuit alleges". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on July 30, 2020. Retrieved September 1, 2020.
  169. ^ Hals, Tom (January 30, 2020). "Tesla directors settle, isolating Musk as SolarCity trial looms". Reuters. Archived from the original on July 28, 2020. Retrieved September 1, 2020.
  170. ^ Chase, Randall (August 17, 2020). "Judge OKs $60M settlement over Tesla buyout of SolarCity". ABC. Archived from the original on August 25, 2020. Retrieved September 1, 2020.
  171. ^ Kolodny, Lora; Bursztynsky, Jessica (April 27, 2022). "Elon Musk wins shareholder lawsuit over Tesla's $2.6 billion SolarCity acquisition". CNBC. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
  172. ^ "Elon Musk launches Neuralink, a venture to merge the human brain with AI". The Verge. March 27, 2017. Archived from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved April 10, 2017.
  173. ^ Winkler, Rolfe (March 27, 2017). "Elon Musk Launches Neuralink to Connect Brains With Computers". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on October 2, 2020. Retrieved October 10, 2020.
  174. ^ a b Regalado, Antonio (August 30, 2020). "Elon Musk's Neuralink is neuroscience theater". MIT Technology Review. Archived from the original on December 13, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2020.
  175. ^ Cellan-Jones, Rory (September 1, 2020). "Is Elon Musk over-hyping his brain-hacking Neuralink tech?". BBC News. Archived from the original on September 12, 2020. Retrieved September 14, 2020.
  176. ^ Rogers, Adam (September 4, 2020). "Neuralink Is Impressive Tech, Wrapped in Musk Hype". Wired. Archived from the original on September 6, 2020. Retrieved September 14, 2020.
  177. ^ Petrova, Magdalena (July 20, 2021). "Why Elon Musk's Boring Company is finding that traffic is tough to fix". CNBC. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  178. ^ Heathman, Amelia. "Elon Musk's boring machine has already built a 'test trench' in LA". Wired UK. Archived from the original on July 18, 2017. Retrieved February 19, 2017.
  179. ^ "Boring Co. underground loop to be put to the test". Las Vegas Review-Journal. May 20, 2021. Retrieved May 29, 2021.
  180. ^ McBride, Sarah (December 16, 2020). "Elon Musk's Proposed Vegas Strip Transit System Advanced by City Council Vote". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on January 11, 2021. Retrieved January 8, 2021.
  181. ^ "Flamethrower – The Boring Company". boringcompany.com. boringcompany.com. Archived from the original on January 29, 2018. Retrieved January 29, 2018.
  182. ^ "Elon Musk's Boring Company is now raising money by selling flamethrowers". CNN. January 28, 2018. Archived from the original on January 29, 2018. Retrieved January 29, 2018.
  183. ^ "Elon Musk Loves This '80s Comedy So Much He Keeps Dropping Hidden Quotes". December 4, 2017. Archived from the original on June 4, 2020. Retrieved June 4, 2020.
  184. ^ Kooser, Amanda (January 26, 2018). "Can you crack the password for Elon Musk's flamethrower?". Cnet. Archived from the original on March 17, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2020.
  185. ^ Paul, Kari (April 26, 2022). "Chaotic and crass: a brief timeline of Elon Musk's history with Twitter". The Guardian. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  186. ^ a b Imbert, Fred (April 4, 2022). "Twitter shares close up 27% after Elon Musk takes 9% stake in social media company". CNBC. Archived from the original on April 4, 2022. Retrieved April 19, 2022. Twitter shares close up 27% after Elon Musk takes 9% stake in social media company
  187. ^ Horowitz, Julia (August 7, 2018). "Elon Musk tweets a lot. This time was different". CNNMoney. Archived from the original on May 25, 2022. Retrieved June 4, 2022.
  188. ^ Paul, Kari (April 26, 2022). "Chaotic and crass: a brief timeline of Elon Musk's history with Twitter". The Guardian. Archived from the original on April 26, 2022. Retrieved April 26, 2022.
  189. ^ a b Elder, Bryce (April 6, 2022). "Musk and Twitter: the timeline". Financial Times. Archived from the original on May 30, 2022. Retrieved June 4, 2022.
  190. ^ "Elon Musk delayed filing a form and made $156 million". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on April 8, 2022. Retrieved April 8, 2022.
  191. ^ Milmo, Dan (May 27, 2022). "SEC publishes letter asking Elon Musk to explain late Twitter filing". The Guardian. Archived from the original on May 28, 2022. Retrieved May 29, 2022.
  192. ^ "Elon Musk snaps up $3bn Twitter stake". BBC News. April 4, 2022. Archived from the original on April 4, 2022. Retrieved April 4, 2022.
  193. ^ Jones, Callum. "Elon Musk becomes Twitter's biggest shareholder after taking 9.2% stake". The Times. Archived from the original on April 4, 2022. Retrieved April 4, 2022.
  194. ^ Turner, Giles; Trudell, Craig (April 2, 2022). "Elon Musk Takes 9.2% Stake in Twitter After Hinting at Shake-Up". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on April 4, 2022. Retrieved April 4, 2022.
  195. ^ Placido, Dani Di. "Twitter Users Fear The Influence Of Elon Musk". Forbes. Archived from the original on April 7, 2022. Retrieved April 7, 2022.
  196. ^ Corfield, Gareth (April 5, 2022). "Elon Musk to join Twitter board". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on April 5, 2022. Retrieved April 5, 2022.
  197. ^ Twitter, Inc. (April 4, 2022). "Form 8-K". SEC Archives. US Securities and Exchange Commission. Archived from the original on April 11, 2022. Retrieved April 8, 2022.
  198. ^ McLean, Rob (April 11, 2022). "Twitter CEO: Elon Musk will not join Twitter board". CNN. Archived from the original on April 11, 2022. Retrieved April 11, 2022.
  199. ^ Adler, Maxwell; Turner, Giles (April 14, 2022). "Elon Musk Makes $43 Billion Unsolicited Bid to Take Twitter Private". Bloomberg.com. Archived from the original on April 14, 2022. Retrieved April 14, 2022.
  200. ^ "Elon Musk launches hostile takeover bid for Twitter". Agence France Presse. April 14, 2022. Archived from the original on April 14, 2022. Retrieved April 14, 2022.
  201. ^ "U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission". SEC.gov. April 13, 2022. Archived from the original on April 14, 2022. Retrieved April 14, 2022.
  202. ^ Soave, Robby (April 18, 2022). "Why Does Elon Musk's Potential Twitter Takeover Scare the Media So Much?". reason.com. Reason. Archived from the original on April 23, 2022. Retrieved April 25, 2022.
  203. ^ Feiner, Lauren (April 15, 2022). "Twitter board adopts 'poison pill' after Musk's $43 billion bid to buy company". CNBC. Archived from the original on April 17, 2022. Retrieved April 18, 2022.
  204. ^ Hirsch, Lauren (April 21, 2022). "Elon Musk details his plan to pay for a $46.5 billion takeover of Twitter". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 26, 2022. Retrieved April 27, 2022.
  205. ^ Isaac, Mike; Hirsch, Lauren (April 25, 2022). "With Deal for Twitter, Musk Lands a Prize and Pledges Fewer Limits". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 27, 2022. Retrieved April 26, 2022.
  206. ^ MacMillan, Douglas; Siddiqui, Faiz; Lerman, Rachel; Telford, Taylor (April 25, 2022). "Elon Musk acquires Twitter for roughly $44 billion". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on April 25, 2022. Retrieved April 26, 2022.
  207. ^ Stahl, George. "Musk-Twitter Deal Values Company at Around $44 Billion". Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on April 25, 2022. Retrieved April 25, 2022.
  208. ^ Sangal, Aditi; Chowdhury, Maureen; Wagner, Meg; Macaya, Melissa; Hayes, Mike (April 25, 2022). "Elon Musk to buy Twitter". www.cnn.com. CNN. Archived from the original on April 25, 2022. Retrieved April 25, 2022.
  209. ^ Brodkin, Jon (April 25, 2022). "It's happening: Elon Musk strikes deal to buy Twitter for $44 billion". arstechnica.com. Ars Technica. Archived from the original on April 25, 2022. Retrieved April 25, 2022.
  210. ^ Siddiqui, Faiz (April 26, 2022). "Tesla's value dropped Tuesday by more than double the cost of Twitter". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on April 27, 2022. Retrieved April 26, 2022.
  211. ^ Gura, David (April 26, 2022). "Tesla shares sink, wipe out over $125 billion in value, as Musk scores Twitter deal". NPR. Archived from the original on April 27, 2022. Retrieved April 26, 2022.
  212. ^ *Woo, Erin; Isaac, Mike (April 27, 2022). "In tweets, Musk takes aim at Twitter executives, creating outrage". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 28, 2022. Retrieved April 27, 2022.
  213. ^ Balu, Nivedita; Li, Kenneth (May 13, 2022). "Musk says $44 bln Twitter deal on hold over fake account data". Reuters. Archived from the original on May 13, 2022. Retrieved May 13, 2022.
  214. ^ Brandom, Russell (May 13, 2022). "Twitter shares plummet as Musk raises new doubts about acquisition". The Verge. Archived from the original on May 13, 2022. Retrieved May 13, 2022.
  215. ^ Seal, Dean; Needleman, Sarah E.; Lombardo, Cara (May 13, 2022). "Elon Musk Says His $44 Billion Twitter Deal Is 'On Hold'". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on May 13, 2022. Retrieved May 13, 2022.
  216. ^ a b Duhigg, Charles (December 13, 2018). "Dr. Elon & Mr. Musk: Life Inside Tesla's Production Hell". WIRED. Archived from the original on March 21, 2021. Retrieved April 25, 2021.
  217. ^
    • Bilton, Nick (November 10, 2020). "Elon Musk's Totally Awful, Batshit-Crazy, Completely Bonkers, Most Excellent Year". Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on January 29, 2021. Retrieved April 25, 2021.
    • Mckay, Tom (November 11, 2020). "Report: Elon Musk Is Kind of a Dick". Gizmodo. Archived from the original on April 19, 2021. Retrieved April 25, 2021.
    • Vance (2015), p. 147. "Elon's worst trait by far, in my opinion, is a complete lack of loyalty or human connection. Many of us worked tirelessly for him for years and were tossed to the curb like a piece of litter without a second thought. Maybe it was calculated to keep the rest of the workforce on their toes and scared; maybe he was just able to detach from human connection to a remarkable degree. What was clear is that people who worked for him were like ammunition: used for a specific purpose until exhausted and discarded."
    • Julia Carrie Wong (June 13, 2018). "Tesla workers say they pay the price for Elon Musk's big promises". The Guardian. Archived from the original on March 23, 2021. Retrieved April 25, 2021. The CEO is known for outsized claims and ambitious goals. But numerous factory workers say he doesn't follow through – and that his leadership sets a troubling tone.
  218. ^ Dugan, Ianthe Jeanne; Spector, Mike (August 24, 2017). "Tesla's Push to Build a Self-Driving Car Sparked Dissent Among Its Engineers". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on April 16, 2021. Retrieved April 25, 2021.
  219. ^ Mac, Ryan; Metz, Cade; Conger, Kate (May 3, 2022). "'I Don't Really Have a Business Plan': How Elon Musk Wings It". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 3, 2022.
  220. ^ Mitchell, Charlie. "Sweary tirades and abrupt firings under Elon Musk, new book claims". The Times. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
  221. ^ "Hyperloop Update: Elon Musk Will Start Developing It Himself". Forbes.com. Archived from the original on September 29, 2017. Retrieved March 22, 2016.
  222. ^ "Beyond the hype of Hyperloop: An analysis of Elon Musk's proposed transit system". Gizmag.com. August 22, 2013. Archived from the original on July 10, 2016. Retrieved August 23, 2013.
  223. ^ Kirschen, Philippe; Burnell, Edward (April 6, 2021). "Hyperloop System Optimization". arXiv:2104.03907 [cs.CE].
  224. ^ Vance, Ashlee (August 12, 2013). "Revealed: Elon Musk Explains the Hyperloop, the Solar-Powered High-Speed Future of Inter-City Transportation". Bloomberg BusinessWeek. Archived from the original on January 27, 2015. Retrieved April 27, 2016.
  225. ^ Ranger, Steve. "What is Hyperloop? Everything you need to know about the race for super-fast travel". ZDNet. Archived from the original on October 30, 2020. Retrieved September 19, 2020.
  226. ^ Mazza, Sandy (January 29, 2017). "Hyperloop competition brings new mass-transit technology to life in Hawthorne". Daily Bulletin. Archived from the original on August 16, 2017. Retrieved December 13, 2020.
  227. ^ "Elon Musk Says He Has 'Verbal' OK To Build N.Y.-D.C. Hyperloop". NPR.org. Archived from the original on August 31, 2020. Retrieved July 25, 2017.
  228. ^ "Elon Musk's Boring Company removes D.C.-Baltimore tunnel from list of projects on website". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on August 23, 2021. Retrieved August 14, 2021.
  229. ^ Markoff, John (December 11, 2015). "Artificial-Intelligence Research Center Is Founded by Silicon Valley Investors". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 30, 2020. Retrieved December 15, 2015.
  230. ^ Levy, Steven (December 11, 2015). "How Elon Musk and Y Combinator Plan to Stop Computers From Taking Over". Backchannel on Medium. Archived from the original on March 6, 2018. Retrieved December 15, 2015.
  231. ^ Novet, Jordan (February 2, 2018). "Elon Musk, who has sounded the alarm on AI, leaves the organization he co-founded to make it safer". CNBC. Archived from the original on August 30, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2020.
  232. ^ a b Lee, Timothy B. (July 10, 2018). "Thai official: Elon Musk's submarine "not practical for this mission" [Updated]". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on September 19, 2020. Retrieved September 13, 2020.
  233. ^ Wong, Julia Carrie (December 5, 2019). "Elon Musk trial: Vernon Unsworth says entrepreneur's tweets 'humiliated' him". The Guardian. Archived from the original on May 13, 2022. Retrieved May 13, 2022.
  234. ^ "Richard Stanton email correspondence". Twitter. Archived from the original on July 18, 2018. Retrieved July 19, 2018.
  235. ^ Ferris, Robert (July 10, 2018). "Elon Musk says his 'mini-submarine' can be used for other things". CNBC. Archived from the original on July 13, 2018. Retrieved July 13, 2018.
  236. ^ "Tested for Thailand, SpaceX's makeshift mini-sub could serve as space escape pod". GeekWire.com. July 8, 2018. Archived from the original on December 7, 2019. Retrieved December 7, 2019.
  237. ^ "Thai king confers awards on two Australian divers for rescue of cave boys". Reuters. April 19, 2019. Archived from the original on April 6, 2020. Retrieved September 23, 2019.
  238. ^ รัฐบาลไทย (March 21, 2019). "ประกาศสำนักนายกรัฐมนตรี เรื่อง พระราชทานเครื่องราชอิสริยาภรณ์อันเป็นที่สรรเสริญยิ่งดิเรกคุณาภรณ์ให้แก่บุคคลที่ช่วยเหลือผู้ประสบภัยในถ้ำหลวง วนอุทยานถ้ำหลวง-ขุนน้ำนางนอน จังหวัดเชียงราย" (PDF). ราชกิจจานุเบกษา (in Thai). Archived (PDF) from the original on April 9, 2022. Retrieved September 23, 2019.
  239. ^ a b Levin, Sam (July 15, 2018). "Elon Musk calls British diver in Thai cave rescue a 'pedo' in baseless attack". The Guardian. Archived from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved July 15, 2018.
  240. ^ Browne, Ryan (July 18, 2020). "Elon Musk apologizes to British cave diver following baseless 'pedo guy' claim". CNBC. Archived from the original on August 5, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2020.
  241. ^ Chang, Charis (July 18, 2018). "Elon Musk apologises for calling Thai rescue diver a 'pedo'". news.com.au. Archived from the original on July 18, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  242. ^ Klepper, David (April 27, 2022). "What Elon Musk's own tweets reveal about Twitter's next owner—and his plans for the company". Fortune. Archived from the original on May 25, 2022. Retrieved May 31, 2022.
  243. ^ Mac, Ryan; Di Stefano, Mark; Paczkowski, John (September 4, 2018). "In A New Email, Elon Musk Accused A Cave Rescuer Of Being A "Child Rapist" And Said He "Hopes" There's A Lawsuit". BuzzFeed News. Archived from the original on August 2, 2020. Retrieved May 15, 2022.
  244. ^ a b Smith, Adam (April 4, 2022). "The strangest things Elon Musk has ever done on Twitter". The Independent. Archived from the original on May 21, 2022. Retrieved May 15, 2022.
  245. ^ Paul, Kari (October 9, 2019). "Elon Musk claims his investigator tricked him about diver he called a 'pedo'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on May 15, 2022. Retrieved May 15, 2022.
  246. ^ "Elon Musk sued for libel by British Thai cave rescuer". BBC News. September 17, 2018. Archived from the original on May 26, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2020.
  247. ^ Rawlinson, Kevin (September 17, 2018). "British diver sues Elon Musk for $75,000 over 'pedo' claim". The Guardian. Archived from the original on July 2, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2020.
  248. ^ Wong, Julia Carrie (December 4, 2019). "Elon Musk: pedo guy insult was 'not classy' but not meant literally". The Guardian. Archived from the original on August 3, 2020.
  249. ^ Kolodny, lora (May 10, 2019). "Elon Musk found not liable in 'pedo guy' defamation trial". CNBC. Archived from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
  250. ^ Groom, Nichola; Parsons, Rachel (December 6, 2019). "Tesla boss Elon Musk wins defamation trial over his 'pedo guy' tweet". Reuters. Archived from the original on June 3, 2020. Retrieved September 14, 2020.
  251. ^ "Tesla exodus: Another executive exits as Elon Musk struggles to build mainstream automaker". USA Today. Archived from the original on August 25, 2020. Retrieved September 16, 2018.
  252. ^ Stewart, Emily (September 8, 2018). "Elon Musk's week of pot smoking and wild emails, explained". Vox. Archived from the original on August 5, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2020.
  253. ^ "Elon Musk's Pot-Smoking Podcast Appearance Could Open an Air Force Investigation into SpaceX". Fortune. Archived from the original on September 6, 2020. Retrieved September 12, 2018.
  254. ^ "The Air Force is determining 'the appropriate process' for Elon Musk smoking pot". The Verge. Archived from the original on August 25, 2020. Retrieved September 16, 2018.
  255. ^ Donaghey, River (December 7, 2018). "Elon Musk Has 'No Idea' How to Smoke Weed, Says Elon Musk". Vice. Archived from the original on May 11, 2020. Retrieved March 21, 2019.
  256. ^ Gottsegen, Gordon (December 7, 2018). "Despite infamous hit, Elon Musk says he has 'no idea how to smoke pot'". Cnet. Archived from the original on November 19, 2019. Retrieved September 15, 2020.
  257. ^ Arcand, Rob (March 31, 2019). "Elon Musk Drops Surprise Rap Single "RIP Harambe"". Spin. Archived from the original on April 1, 2019. Retrieved April 1, 2019.
  258. ^ Fitzgerald, Trent (March 31, 2019). "Elon Musk Randomly Shares Rap Song Dedicated to Harambe". XXL. Archived from the original on April 3, 2019. Retrieved April 10, 2019.
  259. ^ a b "Elon Musk just dropped an EDM track on SoundCloud". TechCrunch. Archived from the original on April 26, 2021. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
  260. ^ Petridis, Alexis (January 31, 2020). "Elon Musk's new EDM single reviewed – 'Bringing erectile dysfunction to the masses!'". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on June 21, 2020. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
  261. ^ "Pledge Signatories". The Giving Pledge. Archived from the original on January 9, 2022. Retrieved January 30, 2022.
  262. ^ Feloni, Richard (March 21, 2018). "Silicon Valley could help the last people you'd expect — and Elon Musk has given $15 million to a contest that will prove it". Business Insider. Archived from the original on May 19, 2019. Retrieved September 8, 2020.
  263. ^ a b c Popken, Ben (January 22, 2021). "Elon Musk to donate sliver of net worth for carbon capture". NBC News. Archived from the original on February 5, 2021. Retrieved February 7, 2021. Cite error: The named reference ":14" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  264. ^ Clifford, Catherine (January 22, 2021). "Elon Musk is donating a $100 million prize for carbon capture technology — here's what that means". CNBC. Archived from the original on February 8, 2021. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  265. ^ Chappell, Bill (February 8, 2021). "Elon Musk Funds $100 Million XPrize For Pursuit Of New Carbon Removal Ideas". NPR. Archived from the original on January 4, 2022. Retrieved February 8, 2022.
  266. ^ a b Cuccinello, Hayley C. (September 8, 2020). "Elon Musk Has Promised To Give At Least Half His Fortune To Charity. Here's How Much He's Donated So Far". Forbes. Archived from the original on December 13, 2020. Retrieved December 13, 2020.
  267. ^ "Elon Musk Makes Biggest Donation in History". Bloomberg.com. February 15, 2022. Archived from the original on February 15, 2022. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  268. ^ "So far, the biggest beneficiary of Elon Musk's $5.7 billion gift to charity may be: Elon Musk". Fortune. March 22, 2022. Archived from the original on June 4, 2022. Retrieved June 8, 2022.
  269. ^ "Musk Foundation". ProPublica. May 9, 2013. Archived from the original on February 10, 2022.
  270. ^ Harris, Mark (January 23, 2019). "How Elon Musk's secretive foundation hands out his billions". The Guardian. Archived from the original on July 28, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2020.
  271. ^ "Musk Foundation". muskfoundation.org. Archived from the original on November 21, 2020. Retrieved December 13, 2020.
  272. ^ a b Schleifer, Theodore (January 11, 2021). "The big decision before Elon Musk, now the richest person in the world". Vox. Archived from the original on February 17, 2021. Retrieved February 17, 2021.
  273. ^ Coren, Michael J. "All the causes Elon Musk's foundation has donated money to since 2002". Quartz. Archived from the original on April 10, 2021. Retrieved April 10, 2021.
  274. ^ "OpenAI shifts from nonprofit to 'capped-profit' to attract capital". Archived from the original on April 25, 2021. Retrieved April 25, 2021.
  275. ^ Klebnikov, Sergei (August 8, 2017). "8 Innovative Ways Elon Musk Made Money Before He Was a Billionaire". Money. Archived from the original on August 9, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
  276. ^ Melby, Caleb (March 12, 2012). "How Elon Musk Became A Billionaire Twice Over". Forbes. Retrieved February 17, 2021.
  277. ^ Frank, Robert (January 7, 2021). "Elon Musk is now the richest person in the world, passing Jeff Bezos". CNBC. Archived from the original on April 6, 2021. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
  278. ^ a b O'Kane, Sean (January 7, 2021). "Elon Musk passes Jeff Bezos to become the richest person on Earth". The Verge. Retrieved February 17, 2021.
  279. ^ Pitcher, Jack (September 8, 2020). "Elon Musk Loses Record $16.3 Billion With Wild Wealth Swings". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on September 27, 2020. Retrieved February 23, 2021.
  280. ^ a b Neate, Rupert (November 14, 2020). "Elon Musk overtakes Bill Gates to become world's second-richest person". The Guardian. Archived from the original on January 14, 2021. Retrieved February 17, 2021.
  281. ^ "Elon Musk becomes world's richest person as wealth tops $185bn". BBC News. January 7, 2021. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved February 17, 2021.
  282. ^ Palmer, Annie (February 16, 2021). "Jeff Bezos overtakes Elon Musk to reclaim spot as world's richest person". CNBC. Archived from the original on February 16, 2021. Retrieved February 17, 2021.
  283. ^ Cai, Kenrick (September 27, 2021). "Elon Musk Eclipses $200 Billion To Become Richest Person In The World Again". Forbes. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  284. ^ Haverstock, Eliza (November 2, 2021). "Elon Musk Is The First Person Worth More Than $300 Billion". Forbes. Retrieved November 4, 2021.
  285. ^ a b Sorkin, Andrew Ross (January 23, 2018). "Tesla's Elon Musk May Have Boldest Pay Plan in Corporate History". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 11, 2021. Retrieved February 17, 2021.
  286. ^ a b O'Kane, Sean (May 28, 2020). "Elon Musk reaches first Tesla compensation award worth nearly $800 million". The Verge. Archived from the original on February 2, 2021. Retrieved February 17, 2021.
  287. ^ a b Browne, Ryan (December 20, 2021). "Elon Musk says he will pay over $11 billion in taxes this year". CNBC. Retrieved March 3, 2022.
  288. ^ Mangan, Dan (June 8, 2021). "Bezos, Buffett, Bloomberg, Musk, Icahn and Soros pay tiny fraction of wealth in income taxes, report reveals". CNBC. Retrieved June 8, 2021.
  289. ^ a b Pendeleton, Devon (January 6, 2021). "Elon Musk Surpasses Jeff Bezos to Become World's Richest Person". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved February 17, 2021.
  290. ^ a b Higgins, Tim (May 8, 2020). "Elon Musk, Tech's Cash-Poor Billionaire". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on February 16, 2021. Retrieved February 17, 2021.
  291. ^ Woodward, Alex (March 22, 2021). "Bernie Sanders responds to Elon Musk's space travel plans with call for progressive taxes". The Independent. Archived from the original on April 13, 2021. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
  292. ^ Musk, Elon (October 6, 2003). "Fortune Magazine - My Idea Of Fun: Flying Elon Musk, CEO, Space Exploration Technologies, developer of space-launch vehicles". Retrieved June 8, 2022.
  293. ^ "Which jets do Jeff Bezos and other tech billionaires own?". South China Morning Post. March 15, 2019. Retrieved November 7, 2021.
  294. ^ a b Geuss, Megan (January 30, 2019). "Elon Musk's private jet appears to make frivolous flights, per Washington Post". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on April 14, 2021. Retrieved April 14, 2021.
  295. ^ Harris, Mark (July 5, 2020). "Would You Pay $7,500 to Educate Your Kid Like Elon Musk's?". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on November 4, 2020. Retrieved April 14, 2021.
  296. ^ Pierce, David (August 25, 2020). "Elon Musk's new plane". Retrieved June 8, 2022.
  297. ^ Harwell, Drew (January 29, 2019). "Elon Musk's highflying 2018: What 150,000 miles in a private jet reveal about his 'excruciating' year". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 14, 2021.
  298. ^ Gollan, Doug (January 30, 2019). "Why The Washington Post's Profile Of Elon Musk's Private Jet Travel Missed The Runway". Forbes. Retrieved June 8, 2022.
  299. ^ a b Peters, Jeremy W. (April 26, 2022). "The Elusive Politics of Elon Musk". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 11, 2022. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  300. ^ "Elon Musk, SpaceX Founder, Battles Entrenched Rivals Over NASA Contracts". The Huffington Post. February 20, 2013. Archived from the original on May 30, 2015. Retrieved May 30, 2015.
  301. ^ He, Laura (March 24, 2021). "Elon Musk is trying to win China back". CNN. Archived from the original on July 9, 2021. Retrieved July 1, 2021.
  302. ^ a b "Accused of not supporting free speech, Elon Musk defends decision to vote Republicans in Nov". Firstpost. May 30, 2022. Archived from the original on May 30, 2022. Retrieved May 31, 2022.
  303. ^ Maria Jose Valero (August 10, 2019). "Elon Musk Says He Supports 2020 White House Hopeful Andrew Yang". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on April 6, 2020. Retrieved August 10, 2019.
  304. ^ Kirkpatrick, Emily. "Elon Musk Supports Kanye West's Run for President...Again". Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved September 5, 2020.
  305. ^ Spocchia, Gino (May 18, 2022). "Elon Musk says he plans to vote Republican for the first time". The Independent. Archived from the original on May 18, 2022. Retrieved May 18, 2022.
  306. ^ Anguiano, Dani (May 18, 2022). "Elon Musk plans to 'vote Republican' and warns of political attacks on him". The Guardian. Archived from the original on May 18, 2022.
  307. ^ Loh, Matthew (May 2022). "Elon Musk says he'll vote Republican in 'this election' despite 'overwhelmingly' voting for Democrats in the past". Business Insider. Archived from the original on June 4, 2022. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
  308. ^ "Elon Musk Says Democrats Are No Longer 'the Kindness Party'". Bloomberg.com. May 18, 2022. Retrieved May 18, 2022.
  309. ^ Schonfeld, Zach (June 15, 2022). "DeSantis on Musk tweet: 'I welcome support from African Americans'". The Hill.
  310. ^ Bekiempis, Victoria (June 15, 2022). "Elon Musk suggests he may vote for Republican Ron DeSantis in 2024". The Guardian.
  311. ^ Timmons, Heather; Zieminski, Nick (June 15, 2022). "Tesla's Musk says he's leaning towards DeSantis for president". Reuters.
  312. ^ Strange, Adario (November 5, 2016). "Elon Musk thinks universal income is answer to automation taking human jobs". mashable.com. Archived from the original on September 1, 2020. Retrieved February 6, 2017.
  313. ^ a b Grush, Loren (May 11, 2020). "Elon Musk thinks the best government for Mars is a direct democracy". The Verge. Archived from the original on July 19, 2020. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  314. ^ Musk, Elon [@elonmusk] (June 20, 2018). "@vplikeTRUMP @jorendewachter @xJawz @joerogan @MazzucatoM Yes, consumption tax is way better. Also, higher estate tax better than income/cap gains tax. Probability of progeny being equally excellent at capital allocation is not high" (Tweet). Archived from the original on December 4, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2022 – via Twitter.
  315. ^ Wolf, Zachary B. (October 27, 2021). "Elon Musk used government money to build Tesla. But he fears a tax on billionaires". CNN Politics. Archived from the original on February 4, 2022. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
  316. ^ Pengelly, Martin (November 14, 2021). "Elon Musk targets Bernie Sanders over tax: 'I keep forgetting you're still alive'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on November 17, 2021. Retrieved November 18, 2021.
  317. ^ Maruf, Ramishah (November 14, 2021). "'I keep forgetting you're still alive:' Elon Musk trolls Bernie Sanders on Twitter". CNN. Archived from the original on November 18, 2021. Retrieved November 18, 2021.
  318. ^ Lenthang, Marlene (November 15, 2021). "Elon Musk targets Sen. Bernie Sanders over tax tweet: 'I keep forgetting that you're still alive'". NBC News. Archived from the original on November 17, 2021. Retrieved November 18, 2021.
  319. ^ Spocchia, Gino (May 1, 2022). "AOC explains why she deleted tweet after Elon Musk accused her of 'hitting' on him". The Independent. Archived from the original on June 2, 2022. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
  320. ^ Isidore, Chris (December 15, 2021). "Elon Musk calls Elizabeth Warren 'Senator Karen' in fight over taxes". CNN Business. Archived from the original on March 10, 2022. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
  321. ^ O'Connor, Roisin (July 25, 2020). "Grimes tells Elon Musk 'turn off your phone' after Tesla CEO's gender pronouns tweet". The Independent. Archived from the original on January 7, 2021. Retrieved January 14, 2021.
  322. ^ Migdon, Brooke (April 25, 2022). "LGBTQ+ Twitter users contemplate exit amid Elon Musk takeover". The Hill. Archived from the original on April 25, 2022. Retrieved May 18, 2022.
  323. ^ Ljunggren, David (January 27, 2022). "Anti-vaccine Canada truckers roll toward Ottawa, praised by Tesla's Musk". Reuters. Archived from the original on January 27, 2022. Retrieved April 27, 2022.
  324. ^ Ling, Justin (February 8, 2022). "5G and QAnon: how conspiracy theorists steered Canada's anti-vaccine trucker protest". The Guardian. Archived from the original on February 8, 2022.
  325. ^ Neate, Rupert (February 17, 2022). "Elon Musk criticised for likening Justin Trudeau to Adolf Hitler in tweet". The Guardian. Archived from the original on April 27, 2022. Retrieved April 27, 2022.
  326. ^ Broderick, Ryan (February 19, 2022). "How Facebook twisted Canada's trucker convoy into an international movement". The Verge. Archived from the original on February 19, 2022.
  327. ^ Akin Olla (May 8, 2021). "Why is SNL giving Elon Musk yet another platform?". The Guardian. Archived from the original on April 29, 2022. Retrieved April 29, 2022.
  328. ^ Holthaus, Eric (February 9, 2018). "Why Elon Musk's Ambition Is an Antidote to Climate-Pessimism". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on June 7, 2022. Retrieved June 6, 2022.
  329. ^ Boyle, Louise (February 15, 2021). "Elon Musk says Biden administration called a carbon tax 'too politically difficult'". The Independent. Archived from the original on June 7, 2022. Retrieved June 6, 2022.
  330. ^ Roth, Madeline (September 29, 2020). "Elon Musk says he may vote for Trump, despite climate crisis". The Independent. Archived from the original on April 12, 2021. Retrieved April 12, 2021.
  331. ^ Bhuiyan, Johana (December 14, 2016). "Elon Musk and Travis Kalanick are joining Donald Trump's strategic and policy forum". Vox. Archived from the original on March 25, 2020. Retrieved March 7, 2020.
  332. ^ Cuthbertson, Anthony (December 15, 2016). "Donald Trump has asked for Elon Musk's help". Newsweek. Archived from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved March 7, 2020.
  333. ^ Lee, Timothy B. (June 1, 2017). "Elon Musk has cut ties with Trump over his Paris decision". Vox. Archived from the original on May 16, 2021. Retrieved May 16, 2021.
  334. ^ Chang, Kenneth (September 27, 2016). "Elon Musk's Plan: Get Humans to Mars, and Beyond". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 14, 2021. Retrieved June 10, 2022.
  335. ^ Brown, Mike (October 30, 2019). "SpaceX: Elon Musk Want to "Nuke Mars" and Create a Home for Humans". Inverse. Archived from the original on September 12, 2021. Retrieved June 6, 2022.
  336. ^ Delbert, Caroline (May 19, 2020). "Elon Musk Needs 10,000+ Missiles to Nuke Mars. 'No Problem,' He Says". Popular Mechanics. Archived from the original on May 11, 2022. Retrieved June 6, 2022.
  337. ^ "Elon Musk doubled down on his theory that the world population is headed for collapse". Business Insider. June 21, 2019. Archived from the original on May 30, 2022. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
  338. ^ "Population decline and smaller families good news for climate, says former head of FSA". The Independent. October 18, 2021. Archived from the original on May 30, 2022. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
  339. ^ "Elon Musk claims population collapse 'potentially the greatest risk to the future of civilization'". CambridgeshireLive. July 29, 2021. Archived from the original on May 31, 2022. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
  340. ^ "Elon Musk says there aren't 'enough people,' birthrate could threaten human civilization". USA Today. December 7, 2021. Archived from the original on May 10, 2022. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
  341. ^ Gibbs, Samuel (October 27, 2014). "Elon Musk: artificial intelligence is our biggest existential threat". The Guardian. Archived from the original on October 30, 2015. Retrieved December 15, 2015.
  342. ^ "Elon Musk and Stephen Hawking think we should ban killer robots". The Washington Post. July 28, 2015. Archived from the original on March 8, 2016. Retrieved January 5, 2017.
  343. ^ a b Shead, Sam (September 28, 2018). "Elon Musk 'Nuts' To Call For AI Regulation, Says Facebook's Chief AI Scientist". Forbes. Archived from the original on March 25, 2022. Retrieved March 25, 2022.
  344. ^ a b Shead, Sam (May 13, 2020). "Elon Musk has a complex relationship with the A.I. community". CNBC. Archived from the original on November 11, 2020. Retrieved December 13, 2020.
  345. ^ Chandler, Simon (May 18, 2020). "Elon Musk Is 'Distracting Us' From Real Tech Issues, AI Figures Warn". Forbes. Archived from the original on June 16, 2020.
  346. ^ Holmes, Aaron (May 13, 2020). "Facebook's head of AI says Elon Musk 'has no idea what he is talking about'". Business Insider. Archived from the original on March 25, 2022. Retrieved March 25, 2022.
  347. ^ Clifford, Catherine (July 24, 2017). "Mark Zuckerberg: Elon Musk's doomsday AI predictions are irresponsible". CNBC. Archived from the original on April 26, 2019. Retrieved April 26, 2019.
  348. ^ Solon, Olivia (July 25, 2017). "Killer robots? Musk and Zuckerberg escalate row over dangers of AI". The Guardian. Archived from the original on January 30, 2021. Retrieved January 14, 2021.
  349. ^ Metz, Cade (June 9, 2018). "Mark Zuckerberg, Elon Musk and the Feud Over Killer Robots". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 15, 2021. Retrieved January 14, 2021.
  350. ^ "We are living in a computer simulation, Elon Musk says". The Independent. June 2, 2016. Archived from the original on September 7, 2017. Retrieved June 30, 2016.
  351. ^ Vincent, James (December 22, 2021). "Elon Musk: metaverse isn't 'compelling' and Web3 'more marketing than reality'". The Verge. Archived from the original on December 23, 2021. Retrieved December 22, 2021.
  352. ^ Marshall, Aarian (December 14, 2017). "Elon Musk Really Doesn't Like Mass Transit Systems He's Trying to Build". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Archived from the original on December 14, 2017. Retrieved December 22, 2021.
  353. ^ a b Sampson, Rich (December 26, 2017). "What Elon Musk doesn't understand about public transit hurts everyone". Quartz. Archived from the original on December 22, 2021. Retrieved December 22, 2021.
  354. ^ a b Hunt, Elle (December 21, 2017). "'I met my wife on a train platform': Twitter responds to Elon Musk with positive public transport stories". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on March 14, 2018. Retrieved December 23, 2017.
  355. ^ LeVine, Steve (December 28, 2017). "Elon Musk's mean Twitter persona". Axios. Archived from the original on December 29, 2017. Retrieved October 17, 2020.
  356. ^ Elon Musk [@elonmusk] (March 19, 2020). "Based on current trends, probably close to zero new cases in US too by end of April" (Tweet). Archived from the original on March 19, 2020 – via Twitter.
  357. ^ a b c Kolodny, Lora (March 17, 2020). "Tesla factory is still open for business as Musk tells employees 'I will personally be at work'". CNBC. Archived from the original on May 10, 2020. Retrieved December 13, 2020.
  358. ^ a b Koren, Marina (May 10, 2020). "The Cult of Elon Is Cracking". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on December 10, 2020. Retrieved February 2, 2021.
  359. ^ Brandom, Russell (April 29, 2020). "Elon Musk is dangerously wrong about the novel coronavirus". The Verge. Archived from the original on May 24, 2020. Retrieved May 6, 2020.
  360. ^ Walsh, Joe. "Elon Musk's False Covid Predictions: A Timeline". Forbes. Archived from the original on March 13, 2021. Retrieved December 22, 2021.
  361. ^ a b "Elon Musk claims he tested positive and negative for coronavirus on the same day after four tests". Evening Standard. November 13, 2020. Archived from the original on November 17, 2020. Retrieved December 13, 2020.
  362. ^ Cooper, Gael Fashingbauer (March 6, 2020). "Elon Musk draws ire after calling panic over coronavirus epidemic 'dumb'". CNET. Archived from the original on September 3, 2020. Retrieved September 8, 2020.
  363. ^ Bursztynsky, Jessica (March 6, 2020). "Elon Musk says 'the coronavirus panic is dumb' as tech peers shift to remote work". CNBC. Archived from the original on August 8, 2020. Retrieved September 8, 2020.
  364. ^ Lambert, Fred (March 17, 2020). "Elon Musk says 'coronavirus panic is worse than virus itself' in email to Tesla employees". Electrek. Archived from the original on March 17, 2020. Retrieved April 28, 2022.
  365. ^ Darby, Luke (May 12, 2020). "After Predicting "Close to Zero New Cases" by the End of April, Elon Musk Defies Public Health Orders and Reopens Tesla Factory". GQ. Archived from the original on November 26, 2020. Retrieved January 31, 2021.
  366. ^ Stanton, Zack (December 29, 2020). "The Worst Predictions of 2020". Politico. Archived from the original on December 29, 2020. Retrieved December 30, 2020.
  367. ^ "Coronavirus: Elon Musk 'child immunity' tweet will stay online". BBC News. March 20, 2020. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved December 13, 2020.
  368. ^ Fried, Ina (March 20, 2020). "Twitter lets Musk's coronavirus misinformation stand". Axios. Archived from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved February 2, 2021.
  369. ^ Boudette, Neal E.; Flitter, Emily (May 9, 2020). "Elon Musk Lashes Out at Officials Keeping Tesla Plant Closed Over Virus". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 1, 2020. Retrieved September 8, 2020.
  370. ^ "Tesla Plan to Keep Factory Open Thrown Up in Air by Sheriff". Bloomberg News. March 18, 2020. Archived from the original on June 4, 2020. Retrieved June 4, 2020.
  371. ^ US Department of Homeland Security (December 4, 2018). "Critical Manufacturing Sector". Archived from the original on June 7, 2020. Retrieved June 4, 2020.
  372. ^ Tiku, Nitasha; Siddiqui, Faiz (April 30, 2020). "Elon Musk mobilizes tech elites behind reopening society". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 20, 2020. Retrieved February 2, 2021.
  373. ^ a b Sainato, Michael (May 12, 2020). "Tesla workers' unemployment may be suspended if they don't return, emails show". The Guardian. Archived from the original on May 12, 2020.
  374. ^ a b Siddiqui, Faiz (April 29, 2020). "The return of erratic Elon Musk: During coronavirus, Tesla CEO spreads misinformation and over-promises on ventilators". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on May 25, 2022. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
  375. ^ Morrison, Sarah (March 31, 2022). "Trump isn't making America's ventilator shortage any easier". Vox. Archived from the original on May 2, 2022. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  376. ^ Keane, Sean (March 22, 2020). "Elon Musk says his companies will make ventilators as coronavirus causes shortage". CNET. Archived from the original on May 24, 2020.
  377. ^ Johnson, Martin (April 17, 2020). "California hospitals say Elon Musk sent them BiPAP, CPAP machines, not ventilators". The Hill. Archived from the original on October 25, 2020. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
  378. ^ Carville, Olivia; Hull, Dana (April 17, 2020). "Elon Musk's 'Ventilators' Arrived at Hospitals — With Some Assembly Required". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on January 29, 2021. Retrieved January 23, 2021.
  379. ^ Walter, J. M.; Corbridge, T. C.; Singer, B. D. (2018). "Invasive Mechanical Ventilation". Southern Medical Journal. 111 (12): 746–753. doi:10.14423/SMJ.0000000000000905. PMC 6284234. PMID 30512128.
  380. ^ Swisher, Kara (September 28, 2020). "Opinion | Elon Musk: 'A.I. Doesn't Need to Hate Us to Destroy Us'". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 7, 2022. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
  381. ^ Brooks, Khristopher J. (December 22, 2021). "SpaceX faced COVID-19 outbreak, health records show". CBS News. Archived from the original on June 8, 2022. Retrieved June 8, 2022.
  382. ^ Setty, Ganesh. "Elon Musk doubles down on Covid-19 skepticism and says he won't take future vaccine". CNN. Archived from the original on January 28, 2021. Retrieved June 14, 2022.
  383. ^ Andrews, Travis M. (November 17, 2020). "A scientist's viral tweet called Elon Musk 'Space Karen' — as a way to defend science". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 11, 2021. Retrieved January 14, 2021. On Sunday, that misinformation came from Tesla and SpaceX founder Elon Musk, who tweeted about rapid antigen tests to his more than 40 million followers. 'Something extremely bogus is going on,' Musk wrote.
  384. ^ Cuthbertson, Anthony (November 16, 2020). "Elon Musk Forced to Watch Historic SpaceX Launch from Home and Mocked as 'Space Karen' After Catching COVID". The Independent. Archived from the original on January 21, 2021. Retrieved January 14, 2021.
  385. ^ Ball, Molly; Kluger, Jeffrey; De La Garza, Alejandro (December 13, 2021). "Elon Musk: Person of the Year". Time. Archived from the original on December 13, 2021. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  386. ^ Kolodny, Lora (October 8, 2021). "Elon Musk endorses a carbon tax, downplays concerns about methane". CNBC. Archived from the original on December 22, 2021. Retrieved December 22, 2021.
  387. ^ Clifford, Catherine (February 12, 2021). "Elon Musk: 'My top recommendation' for reducing greenhouse gas emissions is a carbon tax". CNBC. Archived from the original on December 22, 2021. Retrieved December 22, 2021.
  388. ^ Werber, Cassie. "Elon Musk says tax-free carbon is "the dumbest experiment in history"". Quartz. Archived from the original on August 26, 2020. Retrieved August 30, 2016.
  389. ^ "Taxpayer Subsidies Helped Tesla Motors, So Why Does Elon Musk Slam Them?". Mother Jones. Archived from the original on June 16, 2020. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
  390. ^ Lalljee, Jason (December 15, 2021). "Elon Musk is speaking out against government subsidies. Here's a list of the billions of dollars his businesses have received". Business Insider. Archived from the original on December 15, 2021. Retrieved December 22, 2021.
  391. ^ Plumer, Brad (July 8, 2017). "When Will Electric Cars Go Mainstream? It May Be Sooner Than You Think". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on July 8, 2017. Retrieved December 22, 2021.
  392. ^ Kharpal, Arjun (May 18, 2021). "What 'regulatory credits' are — and why they're so important to Tesla". CNBC. Archived from the original on December 22, 2021. Retrieved December 22, 2021.
  393. ^ "In struggle to meet EU rule, automakers turn to Tesla for credits". Nikkei Asia. Archived from the original on December 14, 2021. Retrieved December 22, 2021.
  394. ^ "Fiat Chrysler to pay Tesla for CO2 emissions credits". www.euractiv.com. April 8, 2019. Archived from the original on December 22, 2021. Retrieved December 22, 2021.
  395. ^ "Volkswagen to buy CO2 credits from Tesla in China". electrive.com. April 5, 2021. Archived from the original on December 22, 2021. Retrieved December 22, 2021.
  396. ^ Stewart, Jack (October 6, 2018). "What Are Shorts and Why Does Elon Hate Them?". Wired. Archived from the original on January 29, 2021. Retrieved March 6, 2021.
  397. ^ Graziosi, Graig (January 29, 2021). "Elon Musk lashes out at short sellers during GameStop market war". The Independent. Archived from the original on January 29, 2021. Retrieved March 6, 2021.
  398. ^ "What Are Shorts and Why Does Elon Musk Hate Them?". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Archived from the original on January 29, 2021. Retrieved May 19, 2021.
  399. ^ Levine, Matt (February 4, 2021). "Who's Winning the GameStop Game?". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on February 5, 2021. Retrieved February 4, 2021.
  400. ^ Gelles, David (January 29, 2021). "Elon Musk Becomes Unlikely Anti-Establishment Hero in GameStop Saga". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 4, 2021. Retrieved February 4, 2021.
  401. ^ "Musk says he supports crypto in battle with fiat money". Reuters. May 22, 2021. Archived from the original on June 2, 2021. Retrieved May 31, 2021.
  402. ^ Ante, Lennart (February 3, 2021). "How Elon Musk's Twitter Activity Moves Cryptocurrency Markets". SSRN 3778844.
  403. ^ "SEC Should Monitor Tesla's Elon Musk for Market Manipulation: Roubini". finance.yahoo.com. Archived from the original on June 2, 2021. Retrieved May 31, 2021.
  404. ^ Kovach, Steve (February 8, 2021). "Tesla buys $1.5 billion in bitcoin, plans to accept it as payment". CNBC. Archived from the original on June 1, 2022. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
  405. ^ Hoskins, Peter (May 13, 2021). "Tesla will no longer accept Bitcoin over climate concerns, says Musk". BBC News. Archived from the original on May 31, 2022. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
  406. ^ Smith, Adam (May 13, 2021). "Bitcoin crashes as Elon Musk announces Tesla cars can no longer be bought with cryptocurrency". The Independent. Archived from the original on June 5, 2022. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
  407. ^ a b Durand Streisand, Elizabeth. "A Look at Elon Musk's Rocky Romantic History". Yahoo. Archived from the original on June 2, 2020. Retrieved May 29, 2017.
  408. ^ Locke, Taylor (November 2, 2019). "Why Elon Musk says taking 'vacations will kill you'". CNBC. Retrieved September 29, 2021.
  409. ^ Vance (2015), p. 117.
  410. ^ a b Crowley, James (September 14, 2021). "Elon Musk's Kids: Meet His 6 Kids From Oldest To Youngest, & Their Moms". Holywood Life. Retrieved September 16, 2021.
  411. ^ Musk, Justine (September 10, 2010). ""I Was a Starter Wife": Inside America's Messiest Divorce". Marie Claire. Archived from the original on July 30, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2020.
  412. ^ Musk, Elon (July 8, 2010). "Elon Musk: Correcting The Record About My Divorce". Business Insider. Archived from the original on July 22, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2020.
  413. ^ Vance (2015), pp. 193-195.
  414. ^ "Actor Talulah Riley files to divorce billionaire Elon Musk, again". The Guardian. Associated Press. March 21, 2016. Retrieved April 20, 2016. The pair first married in 2010 and divorced in 2012. They remarried 18 months later.
  415. ^ Boyle, Alan (January 18, 2012). "SpaceX's millionaire founder tweets about marital split". NBC News. Retrieved September 28, 2013.
  416. ^ Elliott, Hannah (March 3, 2012). "At Home With Elon Musk: The (Soon-to-Be) Bachelor Billionaire". Forbes. Archived from the original on August 4, 2013. Retrieved August 12, 2013.
  417. ^ Lai, Jennifer (January 19, 2012). "Elon Musk Divorce: Announces Split From Talulah Riley On Twitter". The Huffington Post. Archived from the original on June 3, 2020. Retrieved July 23, 2013.
  418. ^ "Elon Musk and Talulah Riley divorce for a second time". The Daily Telegraph. October 22, 2016. Archived from the original on June 30, 2018. Retrieved June 29, 2018.
  419. ^ Kimble, Lindsay (November 18, 2016). "Elon Musk and Talulah Riley Are Divorced for a Second Time". People. Archived from the original on September 8, 2017. Retrieved April 24, 2017.
  420. ^ Jensen, Erin (April 24, 2017). "Amber Heard, Elon Musk make 'Cheeky' public debut together". USA Today. Archived from the original on January 30, 2021. Retrieved January 28, 2021.
  421. ^ a b Sigel, Tatiana (December 6, 2018). "Amber Heard on Her Secret Passion, Elon Musk and a Splashy New Role". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on December 6, 2018. Retrieved January 28, 2021.
  422. ^ a b Holden, Michael (July 21, 2020). "Actress Heard denies Depp claim of affair with Elon Musk". Reuters. Archived from the original on January 30, 2021. Retrieved January 30, 2021.
  423. ^ Bradley, Laura (July 18, 2020). "Amber Heard Accused of Having Late-Night Meetups With Elon Musk in Johnny Depp Trial". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on January 30, 2021. Retrieved January 30, 2021.
  424. ^ Brown, David (February 12, 2021). "Johnny Depp drags Elon Musk into Amber Heard libel saga". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved September 5, 2021.
  425. ^ "Grimes is dating Elon Musk". Consequence of Sound. May 7, 2018. Archived from the original on April 21, 2020. Retrieved May 8, 2018.
  426. ^ Darville, Jordan (March 20, 2019). "Grimes talks new music, Elon Musk, plans to publicly execute her musical persona". The Fader. Archived from the original on October 30, 2019. Retrieved December 13, 2020.
  427. ^ Antonelli, William (December 14, 2019). "Elon Musk made a surprise appearance at one of the biggest gaming events of the year to support his girlfriend, Grimes". Business Insider (in German). Archived from the original on May 14, 2020. Retrieved December 14, 2019.
  428. ^ Kiefer, Halle (May 4, 2020). "Grimes and Elon Musk's Baby Has Arrived, Just As Legend Foretold". Vulture. Archived from the original on May 5, 2020. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
  429. ^ Trepany, Charles (May 5, 2020). "Elon Musk shares first photo of his and Grimes' new baby boy: 'Mom and baby all good'". USA Today. Archived from the original on May 29, 2020. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
  430. ^ Schwedel, Heather (May 5, 2020). "What Does Elon Musk and Grimes' Baby Name Actually Mean?". Slate Magazine. Archived from the original on May 24, 2020. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
  431. ^ Lerman, Rachel (May 8, 2020). "Elon Musk's baby name isn't just weird, it may be against California regulations". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on December 31, 2020. Retrieved January 11, 2021.
  432. ^ Guy, Jack (May 25, 2020). "Elon Musk and Grimes have changed their baby's name. A bit". CNN. Archived from the original on May 25, 2020. Retrieved May 25, 2020.
  433. ^ Cooper, Gael Fashingbauer (June 16, 2020). "Elon Musk and Grimes saved a surprise for son X Æ A-12's birth certificate". CNET. Archived from the original on June 17, 2020. Retrieved June 17, 2020.
  434. ^ Ivie, Devon (September 24, 2021). "Elon Musk and Grimes Took the Red Pill and Broke Up". Vulture. Archived from the original on September 24, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  435. ^ "Elon Musk says he and partner Grimes are semi-separated". BBC News. September 24, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  436. ^ Hartmans, Avery. "Elon Musk says he's single and basically living in a 'technology monastery' following his split with Grimes". Business Insider. Retrieved December 16, 2021.
  437. ^ D'Zurill, Christie (March 11, 2022). "Never mind that new baby: Grimes and Elon Musk have broken up again, she says". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on May 25, 2022. Retrieved March 14, 2022.
  438. ^ McHugh, Rich (May 19, 2022). "A SpaceX flight attendant said Elon Musk exposed himself and propositioned her for sex, documents show. The company paid $250,000 for her silence". Business Insider. Archived from the original on May 19, 2022. Retrieved May 20, 2022.
  439. ^ Mangan, Dan (May 20, 2022). "Report says SpaceX paid woman over Musk sex misconduct claim – he denies 'wild accusations'". CNBC. Archived from the original on May 20, 2022. Retrieved May 20, 2022.
  440. ^ "Musk denies he sexually harassed flight attendant; Tesla shares sink". Reuters. May 20, 2022. Archived from the original on May 20, 2022. Retrieved May 20, 2022.
  441. ^ "'Call the scandal Elongate.' Musk reacts to report claiming he sexually harassed flight crew, paid her $250K in settlement". The Economic Times. May 20, 2022. Archived from the original on May 24, 2022. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
  442. ^ Assis, Claudia (May 20, 2022). "Tesla stock's very bad week gets worse after the allegations against Musk". Market Watch. Archived from the original on May 23, 2022. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
  443. ^ Sankaran, Vishwam (May 23, 2022). "Elon Musk lost $10bn net worth in single day after sexual misconduct allegation emerged". The Independent. Archived from the original on May 24, 2022. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
  444. ^ Root, Al (May 20, 2022). "Tesla Stock Falls After Harassment Allegations Against CEO". Barron's. Archived from the original on May 23, 2022. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
  445. ^ a b "Musk Relocates to Texas, Criticizes 'Complacent' California". BloombergNews. December 8, 2020. Archived from the original on December 10, 2020. Retrieved December 9, 2020.
  446. ^ Somerville, Heather (December 8, 2020). "Elon Musk Moves to Texas, Takes Jab at Silicon Valley". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on December 12, 2020. Retrieved December 13, 2020.
  447. ^ Yahr, Emily (May 8, 2021). "Elon Musk reveals he has Asperger's syndrome during SNL monologue". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved May 9, 2021.
  448. ^ "Elon Musk reveals he has Asperger's on Saturday Night Live". BBC. May 9, 2021. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
  449. ^ Tate, Ryan (September 20, 2012). "10 Awkward Hollywood Cameos by Tech Founders". Wired. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved December 1, 2017.
  450. ^ Wurzburger, Andrea (May 8, 2021). "Ahead Elon Musk's Acting Cameos Through the Years". People. Retrieved April 27, 2022.
  451. ^ Bova, Dan (December 21, 2016). "'Why Him?' Director on Elon Musk's Amazing 'I Can't Come to Work Today' Excuse". Entrepreneur. Archived from the original on August 26, 2020. Retrieved January 29, 2017.
  452. ^ Alexander, Bryan (June 17, 2019). "Which celebrities are revealed as space aliens in 'Men in Black: International'? (spoilers)". USA Today. Archived from the original on February 5, 2021. Retrieved January 19, 2021.
  453. ^ "Elon Musk SpaceX Tesla on the Simpsons". Business Insider. January 27, 2015. Archived from the original on May 27, 2020. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
  454. ^ "Tesla CEO Elon Musk To Appear on Upcoming Episode of the Big Bang Theory". CBS. Archived from the original on February 23, 2018. Retrieved December 4, 2015.
  455. ^ Hansen, Louis (November 25, 2016). "Elon Musk uses 'South Park' to fire back at trolls". The Mercury News. Archived from the original on July 2, 2019. Retrieved August 29, 2020 – via The Denver Post.
  456. ^ Kurp, Josh (November 18, 2016). "Elon Musk Joins The Short List Of 'South Park' Guest Stars To Voice Themselves". Yahoo News. Archived from the original on November 19, 2016. Retrieved August 29, 2020.
  457. ^ Schedeen, Jesse (November 25, 2019). "Elon Musk's Rick and Morty Cameo Finally Explains His 'Elon Tusk' Twitter Joke". IGN.com. IGN. Archived from the original on January 31, 2020. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
  458. ^ Cooper, Gael Fashingbauer (November 25, 2019). "Elon Musk shows up on Rick and Morty as Elon Tusk, head of Tuskla". Cnet. Archived from the original on August 21, 2020. Retrieved August 29, 2020.
  459. ^ "The Young Sheldon Episode You Likely Forgot Starred Elon Musk". MSN. Retrieved May 3, 2022.
  460. ^ Itzkoff, Dave (May 9, 2021). "Elon Musk Hosts a Mother's Day Episode of 'Saturday Night Live'". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 28, 2021. Retrieved May 27, 2021.
  461. ^ Field, Kyle (December 2, 2015). "Tesla Stars In "Racing Extinction" Documentary". CleanTechnica. Archived from the original on August 24, 2020. Retrieved July 11, 2016.
  462. ^ Ladan, Tanja M. (August 24, 2016). "Werner Herzog Hacks the Horrors of Connectivity in 'Lo and Behold'". Vice. Archived from the original on February 4, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020.
  463. ^ "Forget world's richest man, Elon Musk is a hot Chinese trademark icon". South China Morning Post. October 28, 2021. Retrieved November 7, 2021.
  464. ^ "Elon Musk elected as Fellow of the Royal Society". Sky News. May 9, 2018. Archived from the original on January 4, 2021. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
  465. ^ "SEAS Celebrates Class of 2015, Honors Innovators Elon Musk and Dean Kamen". Yale School of Engineering & Applied Science. May 18, 2015. Archived from the original on May 20, 2015. Retrieved August 23, 2021.
  466. ^ "IEEE Honorary Membership Recipients" (PDF). IEEE. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 29, 2011. Retrieved March 25, 2015.
  467. ^ "George M. Low Space Transportation Award". www. Retrieved August 14, 2021.
  468. ^ "Barron Hilton and Elon Musk honoured with the highest FAI awards". Fédération Aéronautique Internationale. December 16, 2010. Archived from the original on April 19, 2015. Retrieved March 25, 2015.
  469. ^ "2012 RAeS Gold Medal". Archived from the original on November 28, 2012.
  470. ^ Favreau, Jon (April 29, 2010). "Elon Musk". Time. Archived from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
  471. ^ Branson, Richard (April 18, 2013). "Elon Musk". Time. Archived from the original on February 12, 2021. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
  472. ^ Milner, Yuri. "Elon Musk". Time. Archived from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
  473. ^ "Elon Musk: The 100 Most Influential People of 2021". Time. Retrieved September 21, 2021.
  474. ^ Flynn, Kerry (December 13, 2021). "Time Person of the Year: Elon Musk, CEO of Tesla and SpaceX, named most influential of 2021". CNN. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
  475. ^ Felsenthal, Edward (December 13, 2021). "Time 2021 The choice Elon Musk". Time. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
  476. ^ "For breakthroughs in the design, engineering, manufacturing, and operation of reusable launch vehicles and sustainable transportation and energy systems". nae. February 9, 2022. Retrieved March 25, 2022.

Works cited

  • Belfiore, Michael (2007). Rocketeers. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-114902-3.
  • Berger, Eric (2021). Liftoff. William Morrow and Company. ISBN 978-0-06-297997-1.
  • Jackson, Erik (2004). The PayPal Wars: Battles with eBay, the Media, the Mafia, and the Rest of Planet Earth. Los Angeles: World Ahead Publishing. ISBN 978-0-9746701-0-2.
  • Kidder, David; Hoffman, Reid (2013). The Startup Playbook: Secrets of the Fastest Growing Start-Ups from the founding Entrepreneurs. San Francisco: Chronicle Books. ISBN 978-1-4521-0504-8.
  • Vance, Ashlee (2015). Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future. New York: HarperCollinsPublishers. ISBN 978-0-06-230123-9.
Honorary titles
Preceded by World's richest person
2022–present 		Succeeded by
Incumbent
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elon_Musk&oldid=1094130669"