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HQ-6

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HQ-6
HQ-6A Surface-to-air missiles mounted with road-mobile launcher
Typeair-to-air & surface-to-air missiles
Place of originChina
Service history
In servicelate 1980s – present
Used byPrimary user: China
See Operators section for others
Production history
ManufacturerShanghai Academy of Science and Technology
Producedsince late 1980s
Specifications
Mass220 kg
Length3.69 meter
Diameter203 mm
Warhead33 kg warhead
Detonation
mechanism
impact / proximity
Enginerocket motor
Propellantsolid fuel
Operational
range
18 km for SAM, 60 km for AAM
Maximum speed Mach 3
Guidance
system
SARH / ARH
Launch
platform
Air & surface

The HQ-6, also known as LY-60 (NATO reporting name: CH-SA-6[1]), is a family of Chinese air defense missiles developed by the Shanghai Academy of Science and Technology, largely based on the Chinese PL-11 and Italian Selenia (now as Leonardo S.p.A.) Aspide missile.

Development

HQ-6 is a surface-to-air missile system developed by the Shanghai Academy of Science and Technology, incorporating technologies from PL-11 missile. PL-11 is the license-produced version of Aspide missile, which itself is based on the American AIM-7 Sparrow missile. It was speculated the missile is a copy of AIM-7 when the system was revealed in the late 1970s, though HQ-6 is considerably larger than the AIM-7 Sparrow.[2] HQ-6 missile went through multiple iterations, and an export variant named LY-60 was also developed.

Variants

PL-11

Main article: PL-11 (missile)

The PL-11 (Chinese: 霹雳-11; pinyin: Pī Lì-11; lit. 'Thunderbolt-11') is a medium-range semi-active radar homing (SARH) air-to-air missile (AAM) developed by a subsidiary of the Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology in the People's Republic of China. It is a derivate or copy of the Italian Aspide air-to-air missile, which in turn was developed from the American AIM-7 Sparrow. PL-11 is not officially a part of the HQ-6 surface-to-air missile family, but it serves as the technology base for the HQ-6.[3]

HQ-61

HQ-61 launcher rail on the decommissioned Type 053K frigate at Qingdao Naval Museum
Tube-shaped HQ-61 launcher can be seen on the Type 053H2G frigate, just behind the main gun turret

The HQ-61 (simplified Chinese: 红旗-61; traditional Chinese: 紅旗-61; pinyin: Hóng Qí-61; lit. 'Red Banner-61') is the first member of the HQ-6 missile family. The entire SAM system consists of four truck-mounted radars (one search/surveillance radar and three tracking/fire control radars), one power supply truck, and six transporter erector launchers (TEL). The missile itself is directly derived from the air-to-air version PL-11. But unlike the Italian Aspide which uses containers as launchers, HQ-6 uses missile launching rails (MLR) instead, and each truck-mounted launcher has two missile rails. Specifications:[4]

  • Length: 3.99 m
  • Diameter: 286  mm
  • Wingspan: 1 m
  • Weight: 300 kg
  • Speed: Mach 3
  • Maximum maneuvering overload: 35G
  • Maximum maneuvering overload [interception]: 7G
  • Range: 30m to 8 km (altitude), 10 m to 10 km (slant)
  • Guidance: Semi-Active Radar Homing

The HQ-61 was deployed on Type 053H2G frigate Jiangwei I frigate of the People's Liberation Army Navy Surface Force. The HQ-61 was equipped on four Type 053H2G built between 1988 and 1991. The capability of the missile was questioned by the Chinese Navy, and the missile system was eventually replaced by the HQ-7 air defense system.[5]

LY-60

In October 1994, China unveils a new medium-low-altitude surface-to-air missile system named LY-60 (Chinese: 猎鹰-60; pinyin: Lieying-60; lit. 'Falcon-60'). LY-60 was designed to intercept military aircraft and missiles flying in medium to low altitudes. To improve anti-jamming capability, the command control system features a unique artificial interference system due to its improved microprocessor, never seen before in contemporary medium-low-altitude air defense missiles. The search radar of the LY-60 can track up to 40 targets simultaneously, and the tracking radar is able to simultaneously track 12 targets, and engage three targets at once.[6]

YJ-5

YJ-5 (Chinese: 鹰击5号) Anti-radiation missile was developed based on the airframe of HQ-61. The development began in 1980. Prototypes were completed in 1984 and test-fired on the H-5 bomber. The missile was certified in the early 1990s but never began serial production due to insufficient capability against advanced phased array radars. The Chinese military decided to import Kh-31 instead.[7]

HQ-64

HQ-64 missile launcher vehicle, part of the HQ-6A gun-missile air defense system

The HQ-64[8] is an improved version of the HQ-61, incorporating experience and technologies gained from the LY-60 project. When paired with a command vehicle, the system is called HQ-6D air defense system.[9] The firepower is doubled by increasing the number of missiles for each truck mounted launcher from two to four, and by replacing the launching rails with container box launchers, the reliability is also increased. Both the missile and transporter vehicles are directly developed from the LY-60 system. The missile is smaller than that of the HQ-6, yet the performance is enhanced due to technological improvements. HQ-64 passed the state certification test and was accepted into Chinese service in 2001.[10]

Each command vehicle is able to command & control up to four HQ-64 batteries,[11] linking up independent HQ-64 batteries to form an integrated air defense net work, and individual HQ-64 network can in turn be integrated into a larger air defense zone. The field deployment time of HQ-64 SAM system is 9 to 15 minutes.[12][13] Specifications:[4]

  • Length: 3.89 m
  • Diameter: 203  mm
  • Weight: 220 kg
  • Speed: Mach 3
  • Range: 30m to 12 km (altitude), 10 m to 18 km (slant)
  • Guidance: Semi-Active Radar Homing

HQ-6A

HQ-6A is a gun-missile air defense system combining a HQ-64 missile launcher with a LD-2000 close-in weapon system.[14]

Operators

Current operators

Former operators

See also

References

  1. ^ "6 Asia". The Military Balance 2023. London: Routledge. 15 February 2023. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  2. ^ "中国霹雳系列空空导弹发展历程". sina news. 12 June 2010.
  3. ^ Wood, Yang & Cliff 2020, p. 37-38.
  4. ^ a b "迟到的利器——试析军演中的红旗6D防空导弹". www.zgjunshi.com. Archived from the original on 2012-03-30. Retrieved 2011-08-14.
  5. ^ Toppan, Andrew. "World Navies Today: Chinese Surface Combatants." Haze Gray & Underway.2002-03-24. Retrieved 2011-05-10.
  6. ^ "LY-60". globalsecurity.
  7. ^ "鲜为人知的中国"风雷7号"和"鹰击-5"反辐射导弹". Sina News. 5 March 2018.
  8. ^ "解放军装备的新型红旗-6D防空导弹". Sina News.
  9. ^ "HQ-6D Chinese Surface-to-Air Missile System". US Army TRADOC.
  10. ^ "红旗6（红旗61/红旗63/红旗64）中低空防空导弹". www.zgjunshi.com. Archived from the original on 2012-03-30. Retrieved 2011-08-14.
  11. ^ "成空地空导弹旅列装国产红旗-6D新型导弹9分钟完成战斗准备_007兄弟_新浪博客". blog.sina.com.cn. Archived from the original on 2012-10-20. Retrieved 2011-08-14.
  12. ^ "成空列装新型红旗-6D防空导弹 9分钟完成战斗准备_军事频道_凤凰网". news.ifeng.com. Archived from the original on 2011-08-31. Retrieved 2011-08-14.
  13. ^ "HQ-6D exercise" Archived 2011-07-13 at the Wayback Machine
  14. ^ "红旗6A为何如此奇特 一套武器竟有三辆车分开运载". Sina News.
  15. ^ "Trade Registers". armstrade.sipri.org. Archived from the original on 2010-04-14. Retrieved 2021-10-24.
  16. ^ "Transfer agreement signing of Ex-TARIQ TO FOCI, UK held in London". 2023-09-25. Retrieved 2024-03-02.
  • 19960619, National Air Intelligence Center (NAIC): "Lieh Ying: The Chinese-built Surface to Air Missile Weapon System", An Hua, NAIC-ID(RS)T-0253-96

Bibliography

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