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Pasacao

Coordinates: 13°30′37″N 123°02′31″E / 13.5103°N 123.0419°E / 13.5103; 123.0419
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Pasacao
Municipality
Municipality of Pasacao
Aerial shot of Pasacao with its port and oil depot
Aerial shot of Pasacao with its port and oil depot
Flag of Pasacao
Flag
Official seal of Pasacao
Seal
Nickname: 
Summer Capital of Camarines Sur
Motto: 
Matatag[a] na Bayan ng Pasacao
Map of Camarines Sur with Pasacao highlighted
Map of Camarines Sur with Pasacao highlighted
OpenStreetMap
Map
Pasacao is located in Philippines
Pasacao
Pasacao
Location within the Philippines
Coordinates: 13°30′37″N 123°02′31″E / 13.5103°N 123.0419°E / 13.5103; 123.0419
CountryPhilippines
RegionBicol Region
ProvinceCamarines Sur
District2nd district
Founded1872
Barangays19 (see Barangays)
Government
 [1]
 • TypeSangguniang Bayan
 • MayorJorge R. Bengua
 • Vice MayorMaryol O. Tayco
 • RepresentativeLuis Raymund F. Villafuerte Jr.
 • Municipal Council
Members
 • Electorate31,618 voters (2022)
Area
[2]
 • Total
149.54 km2 (57.74 sq mi)
Elevation
36 m (118 ft)
Highest elevation
(Mount Bernacci)
756 m (2,480 ft)
Lowest elevation
(Ragay Gulf)
0 m (0 ft)
Population
 (2020 census)[3]
 • Total
53,461
 • Density360/km2 (930/sq mi)
 • Households
11,971
DemonymPasaqueño (Masculine) Pasaqueña (Feminine)
Economy
 • Income class3rd income class municipality
 • Poverty incidence41.62% (2015)[4]
 • Revenue₱197,378,822.82
 • Assets₱ 528.4 million (2020), 121.1 million (2012), 136.8 million (2013), 161.2 million (2014), 126.8 million (2015), 18.85 million (2016), 266 million (2017), 436.1 million (2019), 623.1 million (2021), 767.9 million (2022)
 • Expenditure₱ 137.2 million (2020), 78.03 million (2012), 84.53 million (2013), 74.87 million (2014), 92.94 million (2015), 88.72 million (2016), 103.2 million (2017), 117.6 million (2018), 121.8 million (2019), 50.85 million (2021), 85.96 million (2022)
 • Liabilities₱ 168.3 million (2020), 33.5 million (2012), 20.18 million (2013), 19.3 million (2014), 39.46 million (2015), 50.72 million (2016), 62.69 million (2017), 68.93 million (2018), 134.5 million (2019), 181 million (2021), 243.6 million (2022)
Service provider
 • ElectricityCamarines Sur 1 Electric Cooperative (CASURECO 1)
 • WaterPasacao Water District (PAWADI)
Time zoneUTC+8 (PST)
ZIP code
4417
PSGC
051727000
IDD : area code +63 (0)54
Native languagesCentral Bikol
Tagalog
Major religionsRoman Catholicism
Feast dateAugust 30
Catholic dioceseDiocese of Libmanan
Patron saintSaint Rose of Lima
Websitepasacao.gov.ph

Pasacao (/pɑːsəˈkoʊ/), officially the Municipality of Pasacao (Template:Lang-bcl; Template:Lang-tl), is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Camarines Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 53,461 people.[3] The area is noted for its brown sand beaches and is sometimes referred to as the "Summer Capital of Camarines Sur.[5]

During the Spanish colonization in the 16th century, Pasacao was one of the embarkation points in Camarines Sur and was the only sea transportation link to Manila. It played a vital role in the development of commerce and trade in the province.[6]

The town was formed in 1872, according to records from the Archdiocese of Cáceres.[6]

Etymology

The town's name is derived from the Spanish-Tagalog portmanteau Pasa-Ikaw (English: Pass it on). This is because dock guards stationed at the Pasacao Port would regularly issue directions to passengers by shouting "Pasa ikaw, Pasa ikaw." Passengers mistook the phrase for the town's name, Pasacao.[6]

History

Spanish colonization

From 1585 to the 19th century, Pasacao served as a crucial defense port against Moro pirate incursions. The raid in Caranan on October 4, 1779, is an example. Pasacao and 9 other towns and two missions were entirely destroyed.[7] In 1823, the town had an estimated population of only 200 people due to frequent attacks.[6] To defend Pasacao against these raids, Alcalde Jacinto Rodriguez Morales contributed material for a balwark. The fortification of Pasacao in 1848, which included Cabusao in Camarines Sur, Pantao (now Libon), and Donsol in Sorsogon, was motivated by these attacks.[6]

Between 1609 and 1616, during the governor generalship of Juan de Silva, two galleons, the Nuestra Senora de Guadalupe and Angel dela Guardia, were built in Barangay Dalupaon, as well as the Astillero de Dalupaon (English: Dalupaon Shipyard). Guadalupe was vital in the galleon commerce between Manila and Acapulco, as well as the defense of the Philippines against the Dutch at the Battle of Playa Honda.[6]

An attempt was made to establish a connection between the Pasacao River and the Bicol River during this time,[8] but it was abandoned due to cost concerns over whether the tiny boats that would use it would justify the undertaking.[9]

Japanese occupation

In World War II, the Tangcong Vaca Guerilla Unit [bcl], based near Mount Bernacci, carried out significant operations against Japanese forces. Notably, after Japanese ships docked at Pasacao Pier, they were bombed as part of the guerrilla resistance, marking Pasacao’s involvement in the region’s wartime activities.[6]

The Six Daughters of Charity arrived in Pasacao to establish Naga's first regular girls' school, Universidad de Santa Isabel.[6]

Post-colonization

On July 20, 1966, a major fire devastated the commercial and residential center of Pasacao. The blaze, ignited by sparks from a chimney, swept through approximately 13 blocks, resulting in damage estimated at PHP 3 to 4 million. The fire left about 700 families, or 3,000 individuals, homeless. Key structures, including the mayor's residence and a rural bank were destroyed.

Local firefighting efforts were hampered by inadequate equipment, and looting occurred amidst the chaos. In response, President Marcos allocated PHP 10,000 in initial aid, and Governor Armando B. Cledera provided PHP 10,000 worth of goods and materials. Various organizations, including the Philippine Red Cross and the Naga City Filipino-Chinese Chamber of Commerce, contributed food and supplies to support the affected residents.[10]

Geography

Daruanak Island

Pasacao is situated on the northwest coast of the Camarines Sur. The town is bordered by Mount Bernacci that it shares a border with Libmanan in the northwest, San Fernando in the east, and Pamplona in the north.

The total land area of Pasacao is approximately 149.54 square kilometres (57.74 sq mi), The majority of this territory is made up of mountains and rolling hills that are part of the highlands around the Ragay Gulf, with the sedimentaries of these hills primarily consisting of limestones, sandstones, silts, and marls.[8][9][11] The town's topography is characterized by steep slopes, with elevations ranging from sea level to over 400 metres (1,300 ft) above sea level. The highest point in the town is Mount Bernacci, which stands at 756 metres (2,480 ft) above sea level.

The town features several rivers and creeks, including the Caranan, Dalupaon, Itulan and Tinalmud Rivers, which all flows into the Ragay Gulf.

The town includes a marine sanctuary at Stampa Beach, which supports a variety of marine life such as fish, corals, and sea turtles.[12]

Pasacao's coastline extends approximately 22 kilometers. Its brown sand beaches, are used for activities like swimming, snorkeling, and fishing. Balogo Beach, the most notable beach, is near Daruanak Island, a prominent landmark of the town.

Barangays

Pasacao is politically subdivided into 19 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.   Poblacion

Barangays[13] Population (2020)
Antipolo 1.78% 953
Bagong Silang 1.03% 550
Bahay 3.56% 1,905
Balogo 10.82% 5,785
Caranan 19.57% 10,460
Cuco 3.75% 2,004
Dalupaon 7.44% 3,977
Hubo 1.46% 780
Itulan 2.29% 1,226
Macad[b] 3.41% 1,823
Odicon 5.69% 3,043
Quitang 5.59% 2,991
Salvacion 1.86% 995
San Antonio 1.15% 613
San Cirilo 9.97% 5,53
Santa Rosa Del Norte 7.74% 4,136
Santa Rosa Del Sur 6.60% 3,527
Tilnac 1.73% 927
Tinalmud 4.55% 2,435
Total 100% 53,461

Climate

Climate data for Pasacao
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean maximum °F (°C) 82
(28) 		84
(29) 		86
(30) 		88
(31) 		90
(32) 		90
(32) 		86
(30) 		88
(31) 		88
(31) 		86
(30) 		84
(29) 		84
(29) 		90
(32)
Mean minimum °F (°C) 75
(24) 		73
(23) 		75
(24) 		75
(24) 		79
(26) 		79
(26) 		79
(26) 		79
(26) 		77
(25) 		77
(25) 		77
(25) 		77
(25) 		73
(23)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 5.82
(147.9) 		3.56
(90.5) 		3.06
(77.8) 		3.08
(78.2) 		5.66
(143.8) 		8.31
(211.1) 		12.46
(316.4) 		10.05
(255.3) 		11.96
(303.9) 		10.10
(256.6) 		5.81
(147.7) 		8.85
(224.7) 		88.72
(2,253.9)
Average rainy days 6 4 5 4 9 12 18 13 14 11 7 8 111
Average ultraviolet index 6 6 6 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
Source: World Weather Online (modeled/calculated data, not measured locally)[14]

According to the Köppen climate classification system, Pasacao has a tropical rainforest climate. The north-east monsoon dominates the area; therefore, rainfall is evenly spread throughout the year. From October to January, the wind blows from north to east, from east to southeast from February to April, and from May to September, it blows from east to southeast. From December to May, the area is rather dry, and the rest of the year is wet. The town is occasionally affected by typhoons during the wet season, which can cause flooding and landslides in some areas.

Demographics

Pasacao municipal hall

In the 2020 census, the population of Pasacao was 53,461 people,[3] with a density of 360 inhabitants per square kilometre or 930 inhabitants per square mile.

Population census of Pasacao
YearPop.±% p.a.
1903 2,431—    
1918 2,308−0.35%
1939 5,594+4.31%
1948 8,128+4.24%
1960 14,327+4.84%
YearPop.±% p.a.
1970 19,355+3.05%
1975 21,809+2.42%
1980 25,303+3.02%
1990 31,960+2.36%
1995 36,070+2.29%
YearPop.±% p.a.
2000 38,423+1.36%
2007 41,533+1.08%
2010 45,946+3.74%
2015 49,035+1.25%
2020 53,461+1.71%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[15][16][17][18]

Poverty incidence of Pasacao

10
20
30
40
50
2006
50.00
2009
48.74
2012
44.55
2015
41.62
2018
32.75
2021
44.87

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]

Language

The primary language spoken in Pasacao is Bikol, specifically the Central Bikol dialect. However, many residents also speak Tagalog and English, which are the official languages of the Philippines.

Religion

Despite the presence of a single church, Saint Rose of Lima Parish, and a few chapels, Roman Catholicism is the dominant religion in the municipality. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Iglesia ni Kristo, Born Again denominations, Jehovah's Witnesses, and other Christian denominations are also present across the municipality.

Economy

The economy of Pasacao is largely based on agriculture and fishing, with rice, corn, and coconut being the main crops grown in the area. Fishing is also an important industry, with the town's coastal location providing abundant fishing grounds. Many schools and a growing number of local businesses give additional work opportunities for people. Other locals work at the oil depots in Barangay Sta. Rosa Del Sur (the area is also claimed by Barangay Caranan), as well as some labor in Naga and the Metropolitan Manila area. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in eco-tourism, with the municipality's pristine beaches and scenic spots attracting both local and foreign visitors.

Culture

Town Fiesta and Pasa-Pasa Ikaw Festival

August 29-30, the town celebrates its fiesta as well as the Pasa-Pasa Ikaw Festival. The festival is held in honor of Saint. Rose of Lima, the town's patroness. The municipal government organizes an annual calendar of events that includes pageant competitions, civic and military parades, and other activities.

Overall, the town fiesta and Pasa-Pasa Ikaw Festival are significant events in Pasacao's cultural calendar. These festivals showcase the town's rich cultural heritage and provide a platform for residents to celebrate and express themselves. They also attract visitors from neighboring towns and cities, boosting the town's tourism industry and promoting local businesses.

Infrastructure

Pasacao Port

Civic center

The town's civic center, SigNATURE Park, located in Baranggay Sta. Rosa Del Norte, covering 1,145 square meters, is a key civic and recreational center. It includes, the CBD Complex, the DRRM/Evacuation Court, and a Eco-park complex housing the town's plaza. The park will also house the new municipal office, with construction still underway.

Ports

Pasacao Seaport, also known as the Port of Pasacao, locally known as Pier, is a fishing, passenger, and cargo port in Camarines Sur. It is situated in Barangay Sta. Rose del Sur. The port serves passengers traveling from Pasacao to Burias in Masbate Province.

The nearby smaller Pasacao Fishport is primarily utilized for fishing and unloading fish, as well as pump boats and fastcrafts for short trips.

Pasacao-Balatan Tourism Coastal Highway

The Pasacao-Balatan Tourism Coastal Highway is a 40.69 kilometres (25.28 mi) project of the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) and the Build, Build, Build program. It connects the municipalities of Pasacao, San Fernando, Minalabac, Bula, and Balatan, as well as 15 barangays within the aforementioned towns, with the goal of promoting ecotourism in Camarines Sur. There are 13 bridges in the network of roads, as well as intersections, service roads, and other infrastructure.[27]

Education

The town has several schools and educational institutions that offer quality education to its residents.

At the elementary level, there are 16 public elementary schools and 2 private schools that cater to the educational needs of children in Pasacao. The public elementary schools are operated by the Department of Education (DepEd) and offer the government's K-12 program. At the secondary level, there are 6 public high schools and 2 private schools in Pasacao. Students who complete high school can pursue higher education in colleges and universities in nearby cities such as Naga and Legazpi.

One notable educational institution in Pasacao is the Central Bicol State University of Agriculture (CBSUA) - Pasacao Campus. It was established in 1982 and is one of the satellite campuses of CBSUA in the province. The Pasacao Campus offers undergraduate course in education.

Aside from formal education, Pasacao also promotes non-formal education through the Alternative Learning System (ALS). The ALS is a program offered by the DepEd that provides out-of-school youth and adults an opportunity to complete their elementary or high school education through flexible learning modes such as distance learning, modular learning, and face-to-face classes.

In addition, Pasacao also supports technical and vocational education and training (TVET) through the Camarines Sur Institute of Fisheries and Marine Sciences (CASIFMAS). CASFIMAS offers various vocational courses in fields such as automotive, welding, food and beverage, and electronics, among others. These courses provide residents of Pasacao with the necessary skills to pursue employment opportunities or start their own businesses

Below is the list of the tertiary and secondary level existing schools on the municipality.

Tertiary
  • Camarines Sur Institute of Fisheries and Marine Sciences
  • Camarines Sur Institute of Fisheries and Marine Sciences - Caranan Campus
  • Central Bicol State University for Agriculture (CBSUA) - Pasacao Extension Campus
Secondary
  • Antipolo Heights Integrated School
  • Arbovitae Plains Montessori Inc. (APMI) - Pasacao Branch
  • Balogo Baptist Christian School, Inc.
  • Dalupaon National High School
  • Dr. Lorenzo P. Ziga Memorial High School
  • Juan F. Triviño Memorial High School
  • La Florianne Institute of Learning, Inc.
  • Lyceo de Pasacao
  • Pasacao Academy, Inc.
  • Pasacao Municipal High School
  • Rolando R. Andaya Memorial High School

Notes

  1. ^
    • Malinig (English: Clean)
    • Asensado (English: Prosperous)
    • Trangkilo (English: Peaceful)
    • Areglado (English: Organized)
    • Tarabangan para sa aktibong pag gobernar (English: Cooperated for an active governance)
  2. ^ Formerly Hebrio Lourdes

References

  1. ^  Municipality of Pasacao | (DILG)
  2. ^ "2015 Census of Population, Report No. 3 – Population, Land Area, and Population Density" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. Quezon City, Philippines. August 2016. ISSN 0117-1453. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved July 16, 2021.
  3. ^ a b c Census of Population (2020). "Region V (Bicol Region)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
  4. ^ "PSA releases the 2015 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates". Quezon City, Philippines. Retrieved 1 January 2020.
  5. ^ Barrameda, Shiena M. (2013-06-12). "Saving Pasacao as summer capital". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved 2022-05-15.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h "History of Pasacao | LGU Pasacao Official Website". Retrieved 2022-05-13.
  7. ^ Abella, Domingo (1954). Bikol annals: A Collection of Vignettes of Philippine History. [bcl]. Manila.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  8. ^ a b Best, Elsdon (1892). "The Races of the Philippines". The Journal of the Polynesian Society. 1 (1): 7–19. ISSN 0032-4000.
  9. ^ a b The Philippine Journal of Science. Bureau of Science. 1911.
  10. ^ Milano, Ben H. (July 28, 1966). "4M fire razes Pasacao". The Bicol Mail.
  11. ^ Wernstedt, Frederick L.; Spencer, Joseph Earle (1967-01-01). The Philippine Island World: A Physical, Cultural, and Regional Geography. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-03513-3.
  12. ^ Barrameda, Shiena M. (2013-06-12). "Saving Pasacao as summer capital". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved 2024-08-20.
  13. ^ "Barangays | LGU Pasacao Official Website". Retrieved 2022-05-15.
  14. ^ "Pasacao Climate Weather Averages". Retrieved May 13, 2022.
  15. ^ Census of Population (2015). "Region V (Bicol Region)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
  16. ^ Census of Population and Housing (2010). "Region V (Bicol Region)" (PDF). Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. National Statistics Office. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
  17. ^ Censuses of Population (1903–2007). "Region V (Bicol Region)". Table 1. Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by Province/Highly Urbanized City: 1903 to 2007. National Statistics Office.
  18. ^ "Province of Camarines Sur". Municipality Population Data. Local Water Utilities Administration Research Division. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
  19. ^ "Poverty incidence (PI):". Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
  20. ^ "Estimation of Local Poverty in the Philippines" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. 29 November 2005.
  21. ^ "2003 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. 23 March 2009.
  22. ^ "City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates; 2006 and 2009" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. 3 August 2012.
  23. ^ "2012 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. 31 May 2016.
  24. ^ "Municipal and City Level Small Area Poverty Estimates; 2009, 2012 and 2015". Philippine Statistics Authority. 10 July 2019.
  25. ^ "PSA Releases the 2018 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. 15 December 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
  26. ^ "PSA Releases the 2021 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. 2 April 2024. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  27. ^ "Groundworks for Pasacao-Balatan Tourism Coastal Highway now underway". ph.news.yahoo.com. Retrieved 2022-12-27.
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