Prosperity
Prosperity is the state of flourishing, thriving, success, or good fortune. [1] Prosperity often encompasses wealth but also includes others factors which are independent of wealth to varying degrees, such as happiness and health.
Competing notions of prosperity
Economic notions of prosperity often compete or interact negatively with health, happiness, or spiritual notions of prosperity. For example, longer hours of work might result in an increase in certain measures of economic prosperity, but at the expense of driving people away from their preferences for shorter work hours.[2] In Buddhism, prosperity is viewed with an emphasis on collectivism and spirituality. This perspective can be at odds with capitalistic notions of prosperity, due to their association with greed.[3] Data from social surveys show that an increase in income does not result in a lasting increase in happiness; one proposed explanation to this is due to hedonic adaptation and social comparison, and a failure to anticipate these factors, resulting in people not allocating enough energy to non-financial goals such as family life and health.[4]
Debate over economic growth
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Synergistic notions of prosperity
Many distinct notions of prosperity, such as economic prosperity, health, and happiness, are correlated or even have causal effects on each other. Economic prosperity and health are well-established to have a positive correlation, but the extent to which health has a causal effect on economic prosperity is unclear. There is evidence that happiness is a cause of good health, both directly through influencing behavior and the immune system, and indirectly through social relationships, work, and other factors.[5] One study which advances a holistic definition of prosperity is the Legatum Prosperity Index.
Ecological perspectives
In ecology, prosperity can refer to the extent to which a species flourishes under certain circumstances.[6][7]
References
- ^ "Definition of Prosperity". Random House, Inc. 09 & Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary. February 2009. Retrieved 1 July 2009.
{{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ Cowling, Keith (July 2006). "Prosperity, Depression and Modern Capitalism". Kyklos. 59 (3): 369–381. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6435.2006.00337.x. Retrieved 10 February 2009.
- ^ Gottlieb, Roger S. (2003). Liberating Faith. Rowman and Littlefield. p. [page needed].
- ^ Easterlin, Roger A. (September 2003). "Explaining happiness". Proceeding of the National Academy of Science. 100 (19): 11176. doi:10.1073/pnas.1633144100. PMC 196947. PMID 12958207.
- ^ Argyle, Michael (Dec. 1997). "Is happiness a cause of health?". Psychology & Health. 12 (6): 769. doi:10.1080/08870449708406738.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help); Unknown parameter|unused_data=ignored (help) - ^ Klimes, F.; Turek, F. (February 1984). "The prosperity and stability of clovers in intensive grassland at higher altitudes (Lathyrus pratensis, species composition, fertilization)". Plant ecology. 30 (2): 177. ISSN 0035-8371.
- ^ Davis, J. S.; Lipkin, Y. (September 1986). Sciences "Lamprothamnium prosperity in permanently hypersaline water". Swiss Journal of Hydrology. 48 (2): 240. doi:10.1007/BF02560200. ISSN 1420-9055.
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External links
- The Legatum Prosperity Index homepage
- Prosperity - Hand to Mouth to Flourishing and Affluent Life - Hinduism - Gajalakshmi
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