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Psalm 102

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This article is about Psalm 102 in Hebrew (Masoretic) numbering. For Psalm 102 in Greek Septuagint or Latin Vulgate numbering, see Psalm 103.
Psalm 102
"Hear my prayer, O LORD"
Penitentiary psalm
Beginning of the psalm in the Ramsey Psalter, with illuminated initial
Other name
  • Psalm 101
  • "Domine exaudi orationem meam"
LanguageHebrew (original)

Psalm 102 is the 102nd psalm of the Book of Psalms, beginning in English in the King James Version: "Hear my prayer, O LORD, and let my cry come unto thee." In Latin, it is known as "Domine exaudi orationem meam".[1][2]

In the slightly different numbering system used by the Greek Septuagint version of the bible and the Latin Vulgate, this psalm is Psalm 101.

This psalm is part of the fourth of the five biblical books of Psalms[3] and is one of the seven penitential psalms. It begins the final section of the three traditional divisions of the Latin psalms, and for this reason the first words ("Domine exaudi orationem meam et clamor meus ad te veniat...") and above all the initial "D" are often greatly enlarged in illuminated manuscript psalters, following the pattern of the Beatus initials at the start of Psalm 1.[4] In the original Hebrew, the first verse introduces the psalm as "A prayer of the poor man" or "A prayer of the afflicted". The New King James Version has a longer sub-title, "A Prayer of the afflicted, when he is overwhelmed and pours out his complaint before the Lord."[5]

Text

Hebrew

The following table shows the Hebrew text[6][7] of the Psalm with vowels alongside an English translation based upon the JPS 1917 translation (now in the public domain).

Verse Hebrew English translation (JPS 1917)
1 תְּ֭פִלָּה לְעָנִ֣י כִֽי־יַעֲטֹ֑ף וְלִפְנֵ֥י יְ֝הֹוָ֗ה יִשְׁפֹּ֥ךְ שִׂיחֽוֹ׃‎ A Prayer of the afflicted, when he fainteth, and poureth out his complaint before the LORD.
2 יְ֭הֹוָה שִׁמְעָ֣ה תְפִלָּתִ֑י וְ֝שַׁוְעָתִ֗י אֵלֶ֥יךָ תָבֽוֹא׃‎\ O LORD, hear my prayer, and let my cry come unto Thee.
3 אַל־תַּסְתֵּ֬ר פָּנֶ֨יךָ ׀ מִמֶּנִּי֮ בְּי֢וֹם צַ֫ר־לִ֥י הַטֵּֽה־אֵלַ֥י אׇזְנֶ֑ךָ בְּי֥וֹם אֶ֝קְרָ֗א מַהֵ֥ר עֲנֵֽנִי׃‎ Hide not Thy face from me in the day of my distress; incline Thine ear unto me; in the day when I call answer me speedily.
4 כִּֽי־כָל֣וּ בְעָשָׁ֣ן יָמָ֑י וְ֝עַצְמוֹתַ֗י כְּמוֹקֵ֥ד נִחָֽרוּ׃‎ For my days are consumed like smoke, and my bones are burned as a hearth.
5 הוּכָּה־כָעֵ֣שֶׂב וַיִּבַ֣שׁ לִבִּ֑י כִּֽי־שָׁ֝כַ֗חְתִּי מֵאֲכֹ֥ל לַחְמִֽי׃‎ My heart is smitten like grass, and withered; for I forget to eat my bread.
6 מִקּ֥וֹל אַנְחָתִ֑י דָּבְקָ֥ה עַ֝צְמִ֗י לִבְשָׂרִֽי׃‎ By reason of the voice of my sighing My bones cleave to my flesh.
7 דָּ֭מִיתִי לִקְאַ֣ת מִדְבָּ֑ר הָ֝יִ֗יתִי כְּכ֣וֹס חֳרָבֽוֹת׃‎ I am like a pelican of the wilderness; I am become as an owl of the waste places.
8 שָׁקַ֥דְתִּי וָאֶהְיֶ֑ה כְּ֝צִפּ֗וֹר בּוֹדֵ֥ד עַל־גָּֽג׃‎ I watch, and am become like a sparrow that is alone upon the housetop.
9 כׇּל־הַ֭יּוֹם חֵרְפ֣וּנִי אוֹיְבָ֑י מְ֝הוֹלָלַ֗י בִּ֣י נִשְׁבָּֽעוּ׃‎ Mine enemies taunt me all the day; they that are mad against me do curse by me.
10 כִּי־אֵ֭פֶר כַּלֶּ֣חֶם אָכָ֑לְתִּי וְ֝שִׁקֻּוַ֗י בִּבְכִ֥י מָסָֽכְתִּי׃‎ For I have eaten ashes like bread, and mingled my drink with weeping,
11 מִפְּנֵֽי־זַעַמְךָ֥ וְקִצְפֶּ֑ךָ כִּ֥י נְ֝שָׂאתַ֗נִי וַתַּשְׁלִיכֵֽנִי׃‎ Because of Thine indignation and Thy wrath; for Thou hast taken me up, and cast me away.
12 יָ֭מַי כְּצֵ֣ל נָט֑וּי וַ֝אֲנִ֗י כָּעֵ֥שֶׂב אִיבָֽשׁ׃‎ My days are like a lengthening shadow; and I am withered like grass.
13 וְאַתָּ֣ה יְ֭הֹוָה לְעוֹלָ֣ם תֵּשֵׁ֑ב וְ֝זִכְרְךָ֗ לְדֹ֣ר וָדֹֽר׃‎ But Thou, O LORD, sittest enthroned for ever; and Thy name is unto all generations.
14 אַתָּ֣ה תָ֭קוּם תְּרַחֵ֣ם צִיּ֑וֹן כִּי־עֵ֥ת לְ֝חֶֽנְנָ֗הּ כִּי־בָ֥א מוֹעֵֽד׃‎ Thou wilt arise, and have compassion upon Zion; for it is time to be gracious unto her, for the appointed time is come.
15 כִּי־רָצ֣וּ עֲ֭בָדֶיךָ אֶת־אֲבָנֶ֑יהָ וְֽאֶת־עֲפָרָ֥הּ יְחֹנֵֽנוּ׃‎ For Thy servants take pleasure in her stones, and love her dust.
16 וְיִֽירְא֣וּ ג֭וֹיִם אֶת־שֵׁ֣ם יְהֹוָ֑ה וְֽכׇל־מַלְכֵ֥י הָ֝אָ֗רֶץ אֶת־כְּבוֹדֶֽךָ׃‎ So the nations will fear the name of the LORD, and all the kings of the earth Thy glory;
17 כִּֽי־בָנָ֣ה יְהֹוָ֣ה צִיּ֑וֹן נִ֝רְאָ֗ה בִּכְבוֹדֽוֹ׃‎ When the LORD hath built up Zion, when He hath appeared in His glory;
18 פָּ֭נָה אֶל־תְּפִלַּ֣ת הָעַרְעָ֑ר וְלֹא־בָ֝זָ֗ה אֶת־תְּפִלָּתָֽם׃‎ When He hath regarded the prayer of the destitute, And hath not despised their prayer.
19 תִּכָּ֣תֶב זֹ֭את לְד֣וֹר אַחֲר֑וֹן וְעַ֥ם נִ֝בְרָ֗א יְהַלֶּל־יָֽהּ׃‎ This shall be written for the generation to come; And a people which shall be created shall praise the LORD.
20 כִּֽי־הִ֭שְׁקִיף מִמְּר֣וֹם קׇדְשׁ֑וֹ יְ֝הֹוָ֗ה מִשָּׁמַ֤יִם ׀ אֶל־אֶ֬רֶץ הִבִּֽיט׃‎ For He hath looked down from the height of His sanctuary; From heaven did the LORD behold the earth;
21 לִ֭שְׁמֹעַ אֶנְקַ֣ת אָסִ֑יר לְ֝פַתֵּ֗חַ בְּנֵ֣י תְמוּתָֽה׃‎ To hear the groaning of the prisoner; To loose those that are appointed to death;
22 לְסַפֵּ֣ר בְּ֭צִיּוֹן שֵׁ֣ם יְהֹוָ֑ה וּ֝תְהִלָּת֗וֹ בִּירוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃‎ That men may tell of the name of the LORD in Zion, And His praise in Jerusalem; .
23 בְּהִקָּבֵ֣ץ עַמִּ֣ים יַחְדָּ֑ו וּ֝מַמְלָכ֗וֹת לַעֲבֹ֥ד אֶת־יְהֹוָֽה׃‎ When the peoples are gathered together, And the kingdoms, to serve the LORD.
24 עִנָּ֖ה בַדֶּ֥רֶךְ (כחו) [כֹּחִ֗י] קִצַּ֥ר יָמָֽי׃‎ He weakened my strength in the way; He shortened my days.
25 אֹמַ֗ר אֵלִ֗י אַֽל־תַּ֭עֲלֵנִי בַּחֲצִ֣י יָמָ֑י בְּד֖וֹר דּוֹרִ֣ים שְׁנוֹתֶֽיךָ׃‎ I say: 'O my God, take me not away in the midst of my days, Thou whose years endure throughout all generations.
26 לְ֭פָנִים הָאָ֣רֶץ יָסַ֑דְתָּ וּֽמַעֲשֵׂ֖ה יָדֶ֣יךָ שָׁמָֽיִם׃‎ Of old Thou didst lay the foundation of the earth; And the heavens are the work of Thy hands.
27 הֵ֤מָּה ׀ יֹאבֵדוּ֮ וְאַתָּ֢ה תַ֫עֲמֹ֥ד וְ֭כֻלָּם כַּבֶּ֣גֶד יִבְל֑וּ כַּלְּב֖וּשׁ תַּחֲלִיפֵ֣ם וְֽיַחֲלֹֽפוּ׃‎ They shall perish, but Thou shalt endure; Yea, all of them shall wax old like a garment; As a vesture shalt Thou change them, and they shall pass away;
28 וְאַתָּה־ה֑וּא וּ֝שְׁנוֹתֶ֗יךָ לֹ֣א יִתָּֽמּוּ׃‎ But Thou art the selfsame, And Thy years shall have no end.
29 בְּנֵֽי־עֲבָדֶ֥יךָ יִשְׁכּ֑וֹנוּ וְ֝זַרְעָ֗ם לְפָנֶ֥יךָ יִכּֽוֹן׃‎ The children of Thy servants shall dwell securely, And their seed shall be established before Thee.'

King James Version

  1. Hear my prayer, O LORD, and let my cry come unto thee.
  2. Hide not thy face from me in the day when I am in trouble; incline thine ear unto me: in the day when I call answer me speedily.
  3. For my days are consumed like smoke, and my bones are burned as an hearth.
  4. My heart is smitten, and withered like grass; so that I forget to eat my bread.
  5. By reason of the voice of my groaning my bones cleave to my skin.
  6. I am like a pelican of the wilderness: I am like an owl of the desert.
  7. I watch, and am as a sparrow alone upon the house top.
  8. Mine enemies reproach me all the day; and they that are mad against me are sworn against me.
  9. For I have eaten ashes like bread, and mingled my drink with weeping.
  10. Because of thine indignation and thy wrath: for thou hast lifted me up, and cast me down.
  11. My days are like a shadow that declineth; and I am withered like grass.
  12. But thou, O LORD, shalt endure for ever; and thy remembrance unto all generations.
  13. Thou shalt arise, and have mercy upon Zion: for the time to favour her, yea, the set time, is come.
  14. For thy servants take pleasure in her stones, and favour the dust thereof.
  15. So the heathen shall fear the name of the LORD, and all the kings of the earth thy glory.
  16. When the LORD shall build up Zion, he shall appear in his glory.
  17. He will regard the prayer of the destitute, and not despise their prayer.
  18. This shall be written for the generation to come: and the people which shall be created shall praise the LORD.
  19. For he hath looked down from the height of his sanctuary; from heaven did the LORD behold the earth;
  20. To hear the groaning of the prisoner; to loose those that are appointed to death;
  21. To declare the name of the LORD in Zion, and his praise in Jerusalem;
  22. When the people are gathered together, and the kingdoms, to serve the LORD.
  23. He weakened my strength in the way; he shortened my days.
  24. I said, O my God, take me not away in the midst of my days: thy years are throughout all generations.
  25. Of old hast thou laid the foundation of the earth: and the heavens are the work of thy hands.
  26. They shall perish, but thou shalt endure: yea, all of them shall wax old like a garment; as a vesture shalt thou change them, and they shall be changed:
  27. But thou art the same, and thy years shall have no end.
  28. The children of thy servants shall continue, and their seed shall be established before thee.

Background and themes

Stowe Psalter, f.2

Midrash Tehillim quotes Rabbi Pinchas, who notes that in some psalms David calls himself by name, as in "A prayer of David" (e.g. Psalm 17 and 86), but here he calls himself "the afflicted", as in "A prayer of the afflicted". Rabbi Pinchas explains that when David foresaw the righteous men who would descend from him—Asa, Jehoshaphat, Hezekiah, Isaiah—he called himself David. But when he perceived the wicked men who would be his descendants—Ahaz, Manasseh, Amon—he called himself "the afflicted".[8]

In a greater context in the flow of Psalms, there are seven calls to praise with Psalms 95 though 100 immediately leading up to Psalm 102 and in the writer commits to do that in Ps 101. To the reader Psalm 102 may feel an unexpected out of place lament. By title 'A Prayer of one afflicted, when he is faint and pours out his complaint before the Lord." In this case in the flow weeping is set before praising. What follows in the flow of Psalms is addressing self with truth as a basis of praise. "Bless the Lord Oh my soul' in Ps 103 and Ps 104.

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008).[9]

The extant palimpsest AqTaylor includes a translation into Koine Greek by Aquila of Sinope in c. 130 CE, containing verses 16–29.[10]

Verse 24

I said, “O my God,
Do not take me away in the midst of my days;
Your years are throughout all generations.[11]

There is a similar sentiment in Isaiah 38:10:

I said, "In the prime of my life, I shall go to the gates of Sheol; I am deprived of the remainder of my years".

Uses

Start of Psalm 102, from the Utrecht Psalter, c. 800, Utrecht University Library

Judaism

Psalm 102 is one of 15 psalms recited as additional hymns during the Yom Kippur service by Sephardi Jews.[12]

Verse 1 is recited by the sheaves of barley in Perek Shirah.[13][14]

Verse 14 is said in Selichot.[14] Sephardi Jews recite verse 14 after the prayer of Ein Keloheinu in the morning service.[15] This verse is also used as a popular Jewish song called Atah takum, with the refrain ki va moed.[16]

Psalm 102 is said in times of community crisis.[17] It is also recited as a prayer for a childless woman to give birth.[18] In the Siddur Sfas Emes, this psalm is said as a prayer "for the well-being of an ill person".[14]

New Testament

In the New Testament, verses 25-27 are quoted in Hebrews 1:10–12 as an argument that Jesus is superior to the angels and making Psalm 102 in some sense both prayer to and praise concerning Jesus.[19]

Catholic church

Verse 1, with some other psalm verses (such as 124:8), has a prominent place in Catholic and Anglican liturgies, where it is split as an antiphon into a "call" ("Lord, listen to my prayer", or "Hear my prayer, O Lord") and the response ("and let my cry come unto Thee").

This psalm occurs in the Monastic office of St Benedict (480-547) in the Saturday Vigil or Matins.[20] It occurs in the same place in the Roman Breviary of St Pius V (1568) and occurs at Saturday Terce in the Roman Breviary of St Pius X (1911).[21] In the revised office of Pope Paul VI (1971), the Psalm occurs on Tuesday in Week 4 of the Office of Readings.

Eastern Orthodox Church

In the Eastern Orthodox Church, Psalm 101 (Psalm 102 in the Masoretic Text) is read at Great Compline. It is part of the fourteenth Kathisma division of the Psalter, read at Matins on Thursday mornings, as well as on Tuesdays and Fridays during Lent, at the Third Hour and Matins, respectively.[22]

Book of Common Prayer

In the Church of England's Book of Common Prayer, this psalm is appointed to be read on the morning of the twentieth day of the month,[23] as well as at Evensong on Ash Wednesday.[24]

Musical settings

Heinrich Schütz set Psalm 102 in a metred paraphrase in German, "Hör mein Gebet und laß zu dir", SWV 200, for the Becker Psalter, published first in 1628. The second verse is set in the first part of Hear my prayer, O Lord, an anthem composed in 1682 by Henry Purcell, using the translation of the Book of Common Prayer.

Verses 25b-28 (interspersed with Psalm 90) form the text of Jochen Klepper's 1938 Neujahrslied (New Years' Song).

In contemporary music, the Psalm was used in Semler's song titled "Psalm 102" from their 2021 EP "Late Bloomer".[25]

References

  1. ^ Parallel Latin/English Psalter / Psalmus 101 (102 Archived 2017-05-07 at the Wayback Machine medievalist.net
  2. ^ "Comparison of Enumeration of the Psalms in the Book of Divine Worship and in the Vulgate". The Daily Office of the Catholic Church According to the Anglican Use. Retrieved 7 November 2018.
  3. ^ "Bible Commentary / Produced by TOW Project". Theology of Work. Retrieved 10 November 2018.
  4. ^ Calkins, Robert G. Illuminated Books of the Middle Ages, p. 208, 1983, Cornell University Press, ISBN 0500233756
  5. ^ Psalm 102
  6. ^ "Psalms – Chapter 102". Mechon Mamre.
  7. ^ "Psalms 102 - JPS 1917". Sefaria.org.
  8. ^ "Midrash Tehillim / Psalms 102" (PDF). matsati.com. Retrieved November 13, 2018.
  9. ^ *Würthwein, Ernst (1995). The Text of the Old Testament. Translated by Rhodes, Erroll F. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans. pp. 35–37. ISBN 0-8028-0788-7. Retrieved January 26, 2019.
  10. ^ *Schürer, Emil; Vermes, Geza; Millar, Fergus (2014). The History of the Jewish People in the Age of Jesus Christ: Volume 3.i. A&C Black. p. 497. ISBN 9780567604521.
  11. ^ Psalm 102:24: New King James Version
  12. ^ Nulman 1996, p. 251.
  13. ^ Slifkin, Nosson (2002). "Perek Shirah" (PDF). Zoo Torah. Retrieved November 13, 2018.
  14. ^ a b c Brauner, Reuven (2013). "Shimush Pesukim: Comprehensive Index to Liturgical and Ceremonial Uses of Biblical Verses and Passages" (PDF) (2nd ed.). p. 45.
  15. ^ Nulman 1996, p. 72.
  16. ^ Abramowitz, Rabbi Jack (2018). "Ki Va Moed". Orthodox Union. Retrieved November 13, 2018.
  17. ^ Weintraub, Rabbi Simkha Y. (2018). "Psalms as the Ultimate Self-Help Tool". My Jewish Learning. Retrieved November 13, 2018.
  18. ^ "Birth". Daily Tehillim. Archived from the original on December 14, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2018.
  19. ^ Kirkpatrick, A. F. (1901). The Book of Psalms: with Introduction and Notes. The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges. Vol. Book IV and V: Psalms XC-CL. Cambridge: At the University Press. p. 839. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
  20. ^ "St Benedicts Psalmody". Schedule of Psalms for the Opus Dei. Retrieved 10 November 2018.
  21. ^ "Four Breviaries over 500 Years". Gregorian Books. Retrieved 10 November 2018.
  22. ^ The Holy Psalter, Saint Ignatius Orthodox Press, 2022
  23. ^ Church of England, Book of Common Prayer: The Psalter as printed by John Baskerville in 1762, pp. 272-273
  24. ^ "The Book of Common Prayer: Proper Psalms On Certain Days" (PDF). The Church of England. p. 6. Retrieved 19 April 2023.
  25. ^ Semler – Psalm 102, retrieved 2021-10-23

Sources

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