View source for Riunorese Leonese


{{Multiple issues|
{{notability|date=February 2024}}
{{one source|date=February 2024}}
}}

{{Short description|Dialect of Leonese}}
{{Infobox language
|name = Riunorese Leonese
|states = [[Portugal]], [[Rio de Onor]]; [[Spain]], [[Rihonor de Castilla]]
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[Italic languages|Italic]]
|fam3=[[Latin]]
|fam4 = [[Romance languages|Romance]]
|fam5 = [[Western Romance languages|Western Romance]]
|fam6 = [[Ibero-Romance languages|Ibero-Romance]]
|fam7 = [[West Iberian languages|West Iberian]]
|fam8 = [[Astur-Leonese]]
|fam9 = [[Leonese language|Leonese]]
|isoexception=dialect
|map=Riudenore mapa.png
|map_caption=A map of the Village of Riudenore (Rio de Onor/Rihonor de Castilla)
}}

'''Riunorese Leonese''' is a dialect of the [[Leonese language]] (which by some is considered a dialect of the greater [[Asturleonese language]]) spoken in [[Portugal]] and [[Spain]] in the village of [[Rihonor de Castilla]]/[[Rio de Onor]] (Riudenore), which is divided by the [[Portugal–Spain border|Luso-Hispanic border]] and known as {{Lang|es|al lugar}} 'the place' by the natives.{{Sfn|Rodrigues Macias|2003|p=9}} Despite one part of the village being on the Portuguese side and the other on the Spanish side, the speech of the two villages is relatively similar since the Spanish side of the village has undergone [[Galician language|Galician]] influence, and the other has undergone [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] influence, the two being close relatives (''see [[Galician–Portuguese|Galician-Portuguese]]''). This dialect may also be spoken in [https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadramilhttps://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadramil Guadramil], a village only in portugal, belonging to the same [[freguesia]] as Riudenore.

==Characteristics==

* The Latin {{IPA|[e]}} appears more often as {{IPA|[je]}} than in other dialects; {{Lang|ast|iêl}} for {{Lang|ast|él}} 'him'.{{Sfn|Rodrigues Macias|2003|p=25}}
* The diphthong {{IPA|[we]}} appears as {{IPA|[wo]}} or {{IPA|[wɐ]}}; {{Lang|ast|ruôdra}} for {{Lang|ast|rueda}} 'wheel', {{Lang|ast|puârta}} for {{Lang|ast|puerta}} 'door'.{{Sfn|Rodrigues Macias|2003|p=26}}
* In some cases where in other dialects there is an intervocalic {{IPA|[t̠ʃ]}}, Riunorese Leonese has {{IPA|[ut]}}; {{Lang|ast|noute}} for {{Lang|ast|nueche}}.{{Sfn|Rodrigues Macias|2003|p=29}}
* There is a larger quantity of contractions: {{Lang|ast|à}} for {{Lang|ast|a la}} 'to the' (''f.''), {{Lang|ast|da}} for {{Lang|ast|de la}} 'of the' ''(f.''), like Portuguese and Galician but unlike other Leonese dialects.{{Sfn|Rodrigues Macias|2003|p=29}}
* Nasalization of diphthongs at the end of words, like {{Lang|ast|matanun}} 'they killed'.{{Sfn|Rodrigues Macias|2003|p=29}}
* Palatalization of [s], despite being more common in leonese than in other [[West Iberian languages]] languages, appears even more commonly in Riunorese, like in verb conjugations ''(note: 'X' represents  [ʃ])'': ''Iêl dixu'' for ''Él dixu'' 'He said' (both palatalized), ''Tu dixes'' for ''Tú dices'' 'You say' (other dialects not palatalized).{{Sfn|Rodrigues Macias|2003|p=27}}

==Linguistic Classification==
Being in between Galician, Portuguese and Leonese speaking areas, many people consider it a transitional speech between [[Galician–Portuguese|Galician-Portuguese]] and [[Asturleonese language|Asturleonese]], just like other regions between [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]] and [[Region of León|Leon]]/[[Asturias]]. In other contexts, it's considered an "influenced zone", like the [[Extremaduran language|Extremaduran]] and [[Cantabrian language|Cantabrian]] speaking areas, by Castillian influence (which are also considered transitional speeches sometimes).

==Writing system==

The writing system most commonly used for Riunorese is based on Portuguese orthography, with the existence of {{Angbr IPA|â}} {{Angbr IPA|ê}} {{Angbr IPA|ô}}, the representation of {{IPA|[t̠ʃ]}} with {{Angbr IPA|tch}} (since Portuguese lacks {{IPA|[t̠ʃ]}}, and {{Angbr IPA|ch}} represents {{IPA|[ʃ]}}, unlike Spanish and other Leonese dialects, where {{Angbr IPA|ch}} represents {{IPA|[t̠ʃ]}}), among other aspects. This is due to the fact that the Portuguese version of Riunorese is the most studied of the two, despite both being understudied.{{Cn|date=February 2024}} The writing system has no legal recognition and is not regulated by any institution. The dialect has a proposed writing system since it is the only Leonese-speaking territory of Portugal (considering Leonese a separate entity from the rest of Asturleonese, as [[Mirandese language|Mirandese]] is an Asturleonese language/dialect spoken in Portugal in greater numbers).

==Sample text==

'''{{lang|pt|História de um louco criminoso}}'''

('Story of a crazy criminal'; title in Portuguese), written originally in Riunorese Leonese.{{Sfn|Rodrigues Macias|2003|p=19}}

{| class="wikitable"
!Riunorese Leonese
!Spanish
!Portuguese
!Leonese
!Central Asturian
!Mirandese
!English
|-
|
{{lang|ast-ES|Un tal Miguel ficou de piquenu sin pai e a mai, marota, terminou-se di cassar cun al Tiu Domingo Tano. I iêl iera mau i batia-le al rapace i bateu-le na cabeça. Que iêl de piquenu iera listu i cun as porradas que le dou na cabeça pusu-se tonto.}}
|
{{lang|es|Un tal Miguel se quedó de pequeño sin padre y la madre, traviesa, acabó casándose con el tío Domingo Tano. Y él era malo y golpeó al niño y lo golpeó en la cabeza. Que él de pequeño era listo y con los golpes que le dio en la cabeza quedóse mareado.}}
|
{{lang|pt|Um tal Miguel ficou de pequeno sem pai e a mãe, marota, acabou por casar com o Tio Domingo Tano. E ele era mau e batia ao rapaz e bateu-lhe na cabeça. Que ele desde pequeno era esperto e com as pancadas que lhe deu na cabeça fez-se tonto.}}
|
{{lang|ast|Un tal Miguel quedóu de piquenu ensin pai y la mai, cundanada, terminóu acunduyánduse cunu Tiu Domingo Tano. Ya él yera malu ya abatucaba-ye al rapaz, abatucóu-ye ena tiesta. Qu'él de piquenu yera llistu ya cunus guelpes que-ye diou na tiesta púnxuse fatu.}}
|{{lang|ast|Un tal Miguel quedó de pequeñu ensin pá y la ma, traviesa, terminó casando col tíu Domingo Tano. Y él yera malu y golpiaba-y al rapaz y bató-y na tiesta. Qu'él de pequeñu yera llistu y colos güelpes que-y dio na tiesta púnxose fatu.}}
|
{{lang|mwl|Un tal Miguel quedou-se de pequeinho sien pai i la mai, marota, terminou-se por casar cul Tiu Domingo Tano. I el era malo i batie al rapaç i batiu-le na cabeça. Qu'el de pequeinho era listo i culas porradas que le dou na cabeça puso-se boubo.}}
|
{{lang|en|A so called Miguel was left without a father as a child and the mother, naughty, ended up marrying Uncle Domingo Tano. And he was bad and hit the boy and hit him on the head. Though he was smart since he was little and the blows he gave him to the head made him stupid.}}
|}

==References==

=== Notes ===
<references />

=== Sources ===
* {{Cite report |url=https://bibliotecadigital.ipb.pt/bitstream/10198/213/1/64%20-%20Dialecto%20rionor%C3%AAs.pdf |title=Dialecto rionorês: Contributo para o seu estudo |last=Rodrigues Macias |first=Dina |date=2003 |publisher=Instituto Politécnico de Bragança |location=Bragança |language=pt, es |isbn=972-745-071-7 |access-date=24 February 2024}}

[[Category:Leonese language]]
[[Category:Dialects of Leonese]]