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2019 Portuguese legislative election

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2019 Portuguese legislative election
← 2015 6 October 2019 2022 →
230 seats in the Assembly of the Republic
116 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
Registered10,777,258 Increase11.3%[1]
Turnout5,237,484 (48.6%)
Decrease 7.3 pp
  First party Second party Third party
 
António Costa em 2017.jpg
EPP Summit, 22 March 2018 (27083908678) (cropped, Rui Rio).jpg
Catarina Martins, tempo de antena sobre a escola pública, Legislativas 2022 (cropped).png
Leader António Costa Rui Rio Catarina Martins
Party PS PSD BE
Leader since 28 September 2014 18 February 2018 30 November 2014
Leader's seat Lisbon Porto Porto
Last election 86 seats, 32.3% 89 seats (PàF)[a] 19 seats, 10.2%
Seats won 108 79 19
Seat change Increase 22 Decrease 10 Steady 0
Popular vote 1,903,687 1,454,283 498,549
Percentage 36.3% 27.8% 9.5%
Swing Increase 4.0 pp N/A Decrease 0.7 pp
  Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party
 
Jerónimo de Sousa (1 de Maio de 2015) (cropped).jpg
Assunção Cristas 2017 (cropped).jpg
André Silva cropped.png
Leader Jerónimo de Sousa Assunção Cristas André Silva
Party PCP CDS–PP PAN
Alliance CDU
Leader since 27 November 2004 13 March 2016 26 October 2014
Leader's seat Lisbon Lisbon[c] Lisbon
Last election 17 seats, 8.3%[b] 18 seats (PàF)[a] 1 seats, 1.4%
Seats won 12 5 4
Seat change Decrease 5 Decrease 13 Increase 3
Popular vote 332,018 221,094 173,931
Percentage 6.3% 4.2% 3.3%
Swing Decrease 1.9 pp N/A Increase 1.9 pp
  Seventh party Eighth party Ninth party
 
André Ventura VIVA 24.jpg
CarlosGuimaraesPinto.png
Joacine Katar Moreira (cropped).png
Leader André Ventura Carlos Guimarães Pinto Collective leadership[d]
Party CH IL LIVRE
Leader since 9 April 2019 13 October 2018 11 August 2019
Leader's seat Lisbon Porto (Lost) -
Last election Did not contest Did not contest 0 seats, 0.7%
Seats won 1 1 1
Seat change Increase 1 Increase 1 Increase 1
Popular vote 67,502 67,443 56,940
Percentage 1.3% 1.3% 1.1%
Swing New party New party Increase 0.4 pp
Prime Minister before election

António Costa
PS

Prime Minister after election

António Costa
PS

The 2019 Portuguese legislative election was held on 6 October 2019.[2] All 230 seats to the Assembly of the Republic were contested.

In a campaign dominated by the Tancos airbase robbery[3] (in which former Defense Minister Azeredo Lopes (2015–2018) was accused of trying to cover-up the finding of the stolen weapons in the robbery), but also with the good economic situation in Portugal, the Socialist Party (PS) won the elections with 36 percent of the votes and 108 seats, a gain of 22 compared with 2015. The PS won the big districts of Porto and Lisbon, although Porto was closer than expected, and was able to gain districts from the PSD, like Aveiro and Viana do Castelo, by razor thin margins.[4] The PS won the city of Lisbon, however with a smaller share of the vote compared with 2015, 33 vs 35 percent, and, surprisingly lost the city of Porto to the PSD.

The Social Democratic Party (PSD) obtained 28 percent of the votes and won 79 seats. The party lost 10 seats compared with 2015, and, in terms of share of vote, it was the worst result since 1983, however in terms of seats, it was only the worst result since 2005, when the party won 75 seats. The PSD was able to hold on to their bastions of Viseu, Vila Real, Bragança, Leiria and Madeira. On election night, PSD leader Rui Rio classified the results as "not a disaster" and left the door open to continue as party leader.[5] However, in the aftermath of the election, several members of the party announced their intention to challenge Rio's leadership.[6]

The Left Bloc (BE) achieved a similar result to 2015. The party won almost 10 percent of the votes and held the 19 seats elected in 2015. On election night, Catarina Martins said she was open to new negotiations with PS. The Unitary Democratic Coalition, (CDU), PCP-PEV coalition, suffered heavy losses, with 6.3 percent of the votes and 12 seats, and Jerónimo de Sousa, PCP secretary-general, said on election night that written agreements with PS were off the table. CDS – People's Party got just 4.2 percent of the votes, and got a parliamentary caucus reduced to just 5 seats, the lowest since 1991 and when the party was called the "taxi party", down from 18 in the 2015 election. Assunção Cristas, CDS leader, resigned on election night, called for a snap party congress and announced she would not run for reelection.[7] People-Animals-Nature (PAN) saw a big increase in its share of the vote, winning 3.3% and 4 seats from Lisbon, Porto and Setúbal.

This election was marked by the entry of three new parties in Parliament. The right-wing/far-right party CHEGA (CH) was one of the big surprises on election night by electing an MP from Lisbon. It was the first time since the return to democracy that a right-wing/far-right party gained representation in Parliament.[8][9] LIVRE and Liberal Initiative also elected one MP for Lisbon. Former Prime Minister and PSD leader Pedro Santana Lopes' new party, Alliance, failed to win a single seat and polled below 1 percent of the votes.

The turnout in this election was the lowest ever in a general election in Portugal, with just 48.6 percent of registered voters casting a ballot. In Portugal alone, 54.5 percent of voters cast a ballot, a drop compared with the 57 percent in the 2015 election.

Background

[edit]

2015 Government formation

[edit]
See also: 2015 Portuguese legislative election § Aftermath

After the 2015 elections, President Aníbal Cavaco Silva asked incumbent Prime Minister Pedro Passos Coelho to form a minority government, as the Portugal Ahead coalition won the most votes and seats in the election.[10] Passos Coelho second government was sworn in on 30 October 2015.[11] However, during this period, the Socialist Party, the Left Bloc and the Communist Party reached a historic agreement in order to bring down the Passos Coelho minority government and support a Socialist minority government led by António Costa.[12] Paulo Portas, CDS–PP leader, labeled the agreement as the Geringonça (English: Contraption), which became the name the left-wing agreement would be known for.[13]

On 10 November 2015, the left-wing parties proposed a vote of rejection to the Portugal Ahead's government program, which was approved by a 123 to 107 vote, thus bringing down the government.[14] On 26 November 2015, António Costa was sworn in as Prime Minister.[15] Costa's term was also marred by the 2017 deadly wildfires, in June and in October, plus the Tancos arms theft scandal, which would have an impact during the 2019 election campaign.[3]

Leadership changes and challenges

[edit]

CDS – People's Party

[edit]

Following the collapse of the PàF minority government and the subsequent nomination of António Costa as Prime Minister, with the support of the leftwing parties, CDS–PP leader Paulo Portas announced, in December 2015, he was leaving the party's leadership.[16] A new party congress was called to elect a new leader. There were two candidates in the ballot: Assunção Cristas, supported by Portas, and Miguel Mattos Chaves, critical of Portas leadership.[17] Cristas was elected by a landslide and the results were the following:

Ballot: 13 March 2016
Candidate Votes %
Assunção Cristas 877 98.8
Miguel Mattos Chaves 11 1.2
Turnout 888
Source: Results

Social Democratic Party

[edit]
Main article: 2018 Portuguese Social Democratic Party leadership election

After a disappointing result in the 2017 local elections, in which the PSD won just 30 percent of the votes and 98 mayoral races against the 38 percent of the PS and its 160 elected mayors, Pedro Passos Coelho announced he would not run for a 5th term as PSD leader.[18] After that, Rui Rio, former mayor of Porto (2002-2013), announced he was running for the leadership.[19] Shortly after, Pedro Santana Lopes, former mayor of Lisbon (2002-2004; 2005) and Prime Minister (2004-2005), announced he was also running for the leadership of the party.[20] Election day was scheduled to January 13, 2018. After a long campaign, Rui Rio was elected with 54.15 percent of the votes, against the 45.85 percent of Santana Lopes. Turnout was 60.3 percent.[21] The results were the following:

Ballot: 13 January 2018
Candidate Votes %
Rui Rio 22,728 54.2
Pedro Santana Lopes 19,244 45.8
Blank/Invalid ballots 683 –
Turnout 42,655 60.34
Source: Official results

Rui Rio was officially confirmed as party leader in the PSD congress, in Lisbon, between 16 and 18 February 2018. Just seven months after this leadership election, in early July 2018, Pedro Santana Lopes announced he was leaving the Social Democratic Party and would form his own party.[22] A few weeks later he announced the creation of a new party, the Alliance.[23]

Date

[edit]
Official logo of the election.
Ballot paper for the Portuguese legislative election 2019 for the electoral circle of European emigrants.

According to the Portuguese Constitution, an election must be called between 14 September and 14 October of the year that the legislature ends. The election is called by the President of Portugal but is not called at the request of the Prime Minister; however, the President must listen to all of the parties represented in Parliament and the election day must be announced at least 60 days before the election.[24] If an election is called during an ongoing legislature (dissolution of parliament) it must be held at least in 55 days. Election day is the same in all multi-seats constituencies, and should fall on a Sunday or national holiday. The next legislative election must, therefore, take place no later than 13 October 2019.[25] After meeting with all parties, in December 2018, Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa announced that he would call a general election for 6 October 2019.

Electoral system

[edit]

The Assembly of the Republic has 230 members elected to four-year terms. Governments do not require absolute majority support of the Assembly to hold office, as even if the number of opposers of government is larger than that of the supporters, the number of opposers still needs to be equal or greater than 116 (absolute majority) for both the Government's Programme to be rejected or for a motion of no confidence to be approved.[26]

The number of seats assigned to each district depends on the district magnitude.[27] The use of the d'Hondt method makes for a higher effective threshold than certain other allocation methods such as the Hare quota or Sainte-Laguë method, which are more generous to small parties.[28]

For these elections, and compared with the 2015 elections, the MPs distributed by districts were the following:[29]

District Number of MPs Map
Lisbon(+1) 48
Porto(+1) 40
Braga 19
Setúbal 18
Aveiro 16
Leiria 10
Coimbra, Faro and Santarém 9
Viseu(–1) 8
Madeira and Viana do Castelo 6
Azores and Vila Real 5
Castelo Branco 4
Beja, Bragança, Évora and Guarda(–1) 3
Portalegre, Europe and Outside Europe 2

Early voting

[edit]

Voters were also able to vote early, which would happen one week before election day, on 29 September 2019. Voters had to register in order to be eligible to cast an early ballot. Between 22 and 26 September, 56,287 voters requested to vote early.[30] On 29 September, 50,638 voters (90.0 percent of voters that requested) cast an early ballot.[31]

Parties

[edit]

Parliamentary factions

[edit]

The table below lists the parties represented in the Assembly of the Republic during the 13th legislature (2015–2019) and that also contested the elections:

Name Ideology Political position Leader 2015 result Seats at
dissolution
% Seats
PPD/PSD Social Democratic Party
Partido Social Democrata 		Liberal conservatism
Classical liberalism 		Centre[32] to
centre-right 		Rui Rio
38.6%
[a]
89 / 230
89 / 230
CDS-PP CDS – People's Party
Centro Democrático e Social – Partido Popular 		Christian democracy
Conservatism 		Centre-right
to right-wing 		Assunção Cristas
18 / 230
18 / 230
PS Socialist Party
Partido Socialista 		Social democracy Centre-left António Costa 32.3%
86 / 230
85 / 230
BE Left Bloc
Bloco de Esquerda 		Democratic socialism
Anti-capitalism 		Left-wing Catarina Martins 10.2%
19 / 230
19 / 230
PCP Portuguese Communist Party
Partido Comunista Português 		Communism
Marxism–Leninism 		Far-left Jerónimo de Sousa
8.3%
[b]
15 / 230
15 / 230
PEV Ecologist Party "The Greens"
Partido Ecologista "Os Verdes" 		Eco-socialism
Green politics 		Left-wing Heloísa Apolónia
2 / 230
2 / 230
PAN People-Animals-Nature
Pessoas-Animais-Natureza 		Animal welfare
Environmentalism 		Centre-left André Silva 1.4%
1 / 230
1 / 230
Ind. Independent
Independente 		Paulo Trigo Pereira (Left the PS caucus.)[33] N/A
1 / 230

Non represented parties

[edit]

The table below lists smaller parties not represented in the Assembly of the Republic that ran in the elections:

Name Ideology Political position Leader 2015 result
%
PDR Democratic Republican Party
Partido Democrático Republicano 		Social liberalism
Populism 		Centre António Marinho e Pinto 1.1%
PCTP/MRPP Portuguese Workers' Communist Party
Partido Comunista dos Trabalhadores Portugueses 		Marxism-Leninism
Maoism 		Far-left Vacant 1.1%
L LIVRE
LIVRE 		Eco-socialism
Pro-Europeanism 		Centre-left
to left-wing 		Collective leadership 0.7%
PNR National Renovator Party
Partido Nacional Renovador 		National conservatism
Anti-immigration 		Far-right José Pinto Coelho 0.5%
MPT Earth Party
Partido da Terra 		Green conservatism Centre-right Manuel Ramos 0.4%
NC We, the Citizens!
Nós, Cidadãos! 		Social liberalism
Pro-Europeanism 		Centre-right Mendo Castro Henriques 0.4%
PTP Portuguese Labour Party
Partido Trabalhista Português 		Democratic socialism
Social democracy 		Centre-left
to left-wing 		Amândio Madaleno
0.4%
[e]
MAS Socialist Alternative Movement
Movimento Alternativa Socialista 		Socialism
Trotskyism 		Left-wing Gil Garcia
PPM People's Monarchist Party
Partido Popular Monárquico 		Monarchism
Conservatism 		Right-wing Gonçalo da Câmara
Pereira 		0.3%
JPP Together for the People
Juntos Pelo Povo 		Regionalism
Social liberalism 		Centre Élvio Sousa 0.3%
PURP United Party of Retirees and Pensioners
Partido Unido dos Reformados e Pensionistas 		Pensioners' rights
Anti-austerity 		Big tent António Mateus Dias
Fernando Loureiro 		0.3%
CH CHEGA
Chega! 		Economic liberalism
Right-wing populism 		Right-wing
to far-right 		André Ventura —
IL Liberal Initiative
Iniciativa Liberal 		Liberalism Centre
to Centre-right 		Carlos Guimarães Pinto —
A Alliance
Aliança 		Conservative liberalism
Social conservatism 		Centre-right
to right-wing 		Pedro Santana Lopes —
RIR React, Include, Recycle
Reagir, Incluir, Reciclar, 		Humanism
Pacifism 		Syncretic Vitorino Silva
(Tino de Rans) 		—

Campaign period

[edit]

Party slogans

[edit]
Party or alliance Original slogan English translation Refs
PSD « Portugal Precisa » "Portugal Needs" [34]
PS « Portugal Melhor » "Better Portugal" [35]
BE « Faz Acontecer » "Make it happen" [36]
CDS–PP « Faz sentido » "Makes sense" [37]
CDU « Avançar é Preciso » "Moving forward is necessary" [38]
PAN « Ainda vamos a tempo! » "We are still on time!" [39]
L « Livre é igualdade » "Free is equality" [40]
IL « Liberta-te do Socialismo » "Free yourself from Socialism" [41]
CH « A força da mudança » "The force of change" [42]

Candidates' debates

[edit]

With parties represented in Parliament

[edit]
2019 Portuguese legislative election debates
Date Organisers Moderator(s)     P  Present    A  Absent invitee  N  Non-invitee 
PS
Costa 		PSD
Rio 		BE
Martins 		CDU
Jerónimo 		CDS–PP
Cristas 		PAN
Silva 		Refs
2 Sep SIC Clara de Sousa P N N P N N [43]
3 Sep RTP3 António José Teixeira N N P N P N [43]
5 Sep SIC Clara de Sousa N P N N P N [43]
6 Sep RTP1 António José Teixeira P N P N N N [43]
7 Sep SIC Notícias Clara de Sousa N N P N N P [43]
9 Sep RTP1 António José Teixeira N P N N N P [43]
11 Sep SIC Clara de Sousa P N N N N P [43]
12 Sep RTP1 António José Teixeira N P N P N N [43]
13 Sep TVI Pedro Pinto P N N N P N [43]
14 Sep RTP3 António José Teixeira N N N N P P [43]
15 Sep TVI Pedro Pinto N P P N N N [43]
16 Sep RTP1,
SIC,
TVI 		Clara de Sousa
Maria Flor Pedroso
José Alberto Carvalho 		P P N N N N [43]
18 Sep Antena 1,
RR,
TSF 		Natália Carvalho
Eunice Lourenço
Anselmo Crespo 		P P P P P P [43]
23 Sep Antena 1,
RR,
TSF 		Natália Carvalho
Eunice Lourenço
Anselmo Crespo 		P P N N N N [43]
23 Sep RTP1 Maria Flor Pedroso P P P P P P [43]
Candidate viewed as "most convincing" in each debate
Date Organisers Polling firm/Link
PS PSD BE CDU CDS–PP PAN Notes
23 Sep Antena 1, RR, TSF Aximage 37.9 38.7 — — — — 21.4% Both/Neither
23 Sep RTP1 Aximage 30.9 31.2 18.9 1.5 7.1 2.9 7.5% No one

With parties not represented in Parliament

[edit]

A debate between parties not represented in Parliament was also broadcast on RTP1 and RTP3.

2019 Portuguese legislative election debates
Date Organisers Moderator(s)     P  Present    A  Absent invitee  N  Non-invitee   S  Surrogate  
PDR
Pinto 		PCTP
Guerreiro 		L
Moreira 		PNR
Coelho 		MPT
Ramos 		PTP
Madaleno 		NC
Henriques 		PPM
Pereira 		JPP
Sousa 		PURP
Loureiro 		A
Santana 		RIR
Rans 		MAS
Garcia 		IL
Pinto 		CH
Ventura 		Refs
30 Sep RTP1
RTP3 		Maria Flor
Pedroso 		P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P [44]

Opinion polling

[edit]
Main article: Opinion polling for the 2019 Portuguese legislative election
Local Regression of polls conducted since the election
Local Regression of polls conducted since the election

Voter turnout

[edit]

The table below shows voter turnout throughout election day including voters from Overseas.

Turnout Time
12:00 16:00 19:00
2015 2019 ± 2015 2019 ± 2015 2019 ±
Total 20.65% 18.83% Decrease 1.82 pp 44.38% 38.59% Decrease 5.79 pp 55.84% 48.60% Decrease 7.24 pp
Sources[45][46]

Results

[edit]

The centre-left Socialist Party (PS) of incumbent Prime Minister Costa obtained the largest share of the vote, and the most seats. Costa said he would look to continue the confidence-and-supply agreement with the Left Bloc and the Unitary Democratic Coalition. The centre-right Social Democratic Party (PSD) got 27.8 percent of the vote, its worst result since 1983. Portugal's much-vaunted immunity to Europe's far-right wave was interrupted by the election of a debut representative from the nationalist CHEGA party, which scored 1.3 percent overall, with the party's leader stating “this is an historic occasion, it will be the first time in 45 years that a party with these characteristics enters the assembly.”[47]

National summary

[edit]
For detailed results by constituency, see Results breakdown of the 2019 Portuguese legislative election.
Summary of the 6 October 2019 Assembly of the Republic elections results
Parties Votes % ±pp swing MPs MPs %/
votes %
2015 2019 ± % ±
Socialist 1,903,687 36.35 Increase4.0 86 108 Increase22 46.96 Increase9.6 1.29
Social Democratic 1,454,283 27.77 [a] 89 79 Decrease10 34.35 Decrease4.3 1.24
Left Bloc 498,549 9.52 Decrease0.7 19 19 Steady0 8.26 Steady0.0 0.87
Unitary Democratic Coalition 332,018 6.34 Decrease1.9 17 12 Decrease5 5.22 Decrease2.2 0.82
People's 221,094 4.22 [a] 18 5 Decrease13 2.17 Decrease5.6 0.51
People-Animals-Nature 173,931 3.32 Increase1.9 1 4 Increase3 1.74 Increase1.3 0.52
CHEGA 67,502 1.29 — — 1 — 0.43 — 0.33
Liberal Initiative 67,443 1.29 — — 1 — 0.43 — 0.33
LIVRE 56,940 1.09 Increase0.4 0 1 Increase1 0.43 Increase0.4 0.39
Alliance 40,175 0.77 — — 0 — 0.00 — 0.0
Portuguese Workers' Communist 36,006 0.69 Decrease0.4 0 0 Steady0 0.00 Steady0.0 0.0
React, Include, Recycle 35,169 0.67 — — 0 — 0.00 — 0.0
National Renovator 16,992 0.32 Decrease0.2 0 0 Steady0 0.00 Steady0.0 0.0
Earth 12,888 0.25 Decrease0.2 0 0 Steady0 0.00 Steady0.0 0.0
We, the Citizens! 12,346 0.24 Decrease0.2 0 0 Steady0 0.00 Steady0.0 0.0
Democratic Republican 11,674 0.22 Decrease0.9 0 0 Steady0 0.00 Steady0.0 0.0
United Party of Retirees and Pensioners 11,457 0.22 Decrease0.1 0 0 Steady0 0.00 Steady0.0 0.0
Together for the People 10,552 0.20 Decrease0.1 0 0 Steady0 0.00 Steady0.0 0.0
People's Monarchist 8,389 0.16 Decrease0.1 0 0 Steady0 0.00 Steady0.0 0.0
Labour 8,271 0.16 [e] 0 0 Steady0 0.00 Steady0.0 0.0
Socialist Alternative Movement 3,243 0.06 [e] 0 0 Steady0 0.00 Steady0.0 0.0
Total valid 4,982,609 95.14 Decrease1.1 230 230 Steady0 100.00 Steady0 —
Blank ballots 131,302 2.51 Increase0.4
Invalid ballots 123,573 2.36 Increase0.7
Total 5,237,484 100.00
Registered voters/turnout 10,777,258 48.60 Decrease7.3
Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições
Vote share
PS
 
 36.35%
PSD
 
 27.77%
BE
 
 9.52%
CDU
 
 6.34%
CDS-PP
 
 4.22%
PAN
 
 3.32%
CH
 
 1.29%
IL
 
 1.29%
L
 
 1.09%
Alliance
 
 0.77%
PCTP/MRPP
 
 0.69%
RIR
 
 0.67%
Others
 
 1.83%
Blank/Invalid
 
 4.87%
Parliamentary seats
PS
 
 46.96%
PSD
 
 34.35%
BE
 
 8.26%
CDU
 
 5.22%
CDS-PP
 
 2.17%
PAN
 
 1.74%
CH
 
 0.43%
IL
 
 0.43%
L
 
 0.43%

Distribution by constituency

[edit]
Results of the 2019 election of the Portuguese Assembly of the Republic
by constituency
Constituency % S % S % S % S % S % S % S % S % S Total
S
PS PSD BE CDU CDS–PP PAN CH IL L
Azores 40.1 3 30.2 2 8.0 - 2.5 - 4.8 - 2.7 - 0.9 - 0.7 - 0.9 - 5
Aveiro 34.3 7 33.6 6 10.0 2 3.1 - 5.7 1 3.0 - 0.7 - 1.0 - 0.7 - 16
Beja 40.7 2 13.3 - 9.1 - 22.8 1 2.3 - 2.0 - 2.0 - 0.4 - 0.6 - 3
Braga 36.4 8 34.1 8 8.9 2 4.0 - 4.1 1 2.6 - 0.7 - 0.8 - 0.7 - 19
Bragança 36.5 1 40.8 2 6.0 - 2.1 - 4.5 - 1.3 - 0.8 - 0.4 - 0.3 - 3
Castelo Branco 40.9 3 26.3 1 11.1 - 4.8 - 3.7 - 2.4 - 1.3 - 0.6 - 0.9 - 4
Coimbra 39.0 5 26.6 3 11.2 1 5.6 - 3.5 - 2.6 - 0.9 - 0.8 - 0.9 - 9
Évora 38.3 2 17.5 - 9.0 - 18.9 1 3.4 - 2.0 - 2.2 - 0.7 - 0.7 - 3
Faro 36.8 5 22.3 3 12.3 1 7.1 - 3.8 - 4.8 - 2.1 - 0.8 - 1.0 - 9
Guarda 37.6 2 34.3 1 7.8 - 3.0 - 5.0 - 1.6 - 1.5 - 0.6 - 0.5 - 3
Leiria 31.1 4 33.5 5 9.4 1 4.3 - 5.3 - 2.9 - 1.5 - 0.9 - 0.9 - 10
Lisbon 36.7 20 22.6 12 9.7 5 7.8 4 4.4 2 4.4 2 2.0 1 2.5 1 2.1 1 48
Madeira 33.4 3 37.1 3 5.2 - 2.1 - 6.1 - 1.8 - 0.7 - 0.7 - 0.4 - 6
Portalegre 44.7 2 20.1 - 8.1 - 10.6 - 3.8 - 1.7 - 2.7 - 0.5 - 0.6 - 2
Porto 36.7 17 31.2 15 10.1 4 4.8 2 3.3 1 3.5 1 0.6 - 1.5 - 1.0 - 40
Santarém 37.1 4 25.2 3 10.2 1 7.6 1 4.7 - 2.6 - 2.0 - 0.8 - 0.9 - 9
Setúbal 38.6 9 14.4 3 12.1 2 15.8 3 3.0 - 4.4 1 1.9 - 1.1 - 1.2 - 18
Viana do Castelo 34.8 3 33.8 3 8.5 - 4.0 - 6.2 - 2.4 - 0.7 - 0.6 - 0.6 - 6
Vila Real 37.2 2 39.0 3 6.1 - 2.5 - 4.5 - 1.7 - 0.8 - 0.4 - 0.6 - 5
Viseu 35.4 4 36.2 4 7.9 - 2.3 - 5.9 - 2.1 - 1.0 - 0.6 - 0.5 - 8
Europe 29.1 1 18.8 1 5.7 - 2.5 - 3.0 - 4.9 - 0.9 - 0.8 - 1.1 - 2
Outside Europe 20.2 1 33.4 1 3.5 - 1.0 - 4.7 - 4.3 - 0.9 - 2.5 - 0.7 - 2
Total 36.3 108 27.8 79 9.5 19 6.3 12 4.2 5 3.3 4 1.3 1 1.3 1 1.1 1 230
Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições

Maps

[edit]
  • Full results by electoral district.
    Full results by electoral district.
  • Strongest party by electoral district.
    Strongest party by electoral district.
  • Strongest party by municipality.
    Strongest party by municipality.
  • Vote strength for left-wing parties (BE, CDU, LIVRE) by electoral district.
    Vote strength for left-wing parties (BE, CDU, LIVRE) by electoral district.
  • Strongest political faction by electoral district. Left: PS, BE, CDU; Right: PSD, CDS-PP.
    Strongest political faction by electoral district. Left: PS, BE, CDU; Right: PSD, CDS-PP.

Electorate

[edit]
Demographic Size PS PSD BE CDU CDS–PP PAN Others
Total vote 100% 36% 28% 10% 6% 4% 3% 13%
Sex
Men 37% 28% 9% 7% 4% 2% 13%
Women 41% 24% 11% 5% 4% 4% 11%
Age
18–24 years old 10% 25% 30% 13% 3% 4% 9% 18%
25–44 years old 31% 32% 23% 14% 6% 3% 4% 19%
45–64 years old 38% 42% 27% 10% 6% 5% 2% 9%
65 and older 22% 51% 28% 4% 6% 3% 1% 7%
Education
No High-school 52% 23% 7% 7% 3% 1% 9%
High-school 32% 25% 13% 6% 4% 6% 15%
College graduate 31% 30% 12% 5% 6% 3% 13%
Vote decision
In the last week or before 19% 25% 26% 13% 4% 4% 3% 25%
Before that 81% 42% 26% 9% 6% 4% 3% 9%
Direction of the country
Right direction 67% 53% 19% 11% 6% 3% 3% 7%
Wrong direction 33% 11% 42% 9% 7% 6% 3% 23%
Source: GfK Metris exit poll

Aftermath

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Budget rejection and fall of the government

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MPs voting on the 2022 State Budget on 27 October 2021.

After the October 2019 elections, the PS decided to not renew the "Geringonça" (Contraption) deal with the Left Bloc and the Communist Party and opted to govern by making deals with both left and/or right parties in the opposition.[48] After this, budgets and other policies were discussed with all opposition parties, but political instability grew, even during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak.[49] In October 2021, BE and PCP announced that they would vote against the government's proposed 2022 budget[50] and President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa warned that if there was no budget, he would dissolve Parliament and call a snap election.[51] On 27 October 2021, Parliament rejected the budget by a 117 to 108 vote, and a snap general election was called for 30 January 2022.[52]

2022 State Budget
António Costa (PS)
Ballot → 27 October 2021
Required majority → Simple ☒N
Yes
  • • PS (108)
108 / 230
No
117 / 230
Abstentions
5 / 230
Absentees
0 / 230
Sources[53]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ a b c d e The Social Democratic Party (PSD) and the People's Party (CDS–PP) contested the 2015 election in a coalition called Portugal Ahead (PàF) and won a combined 38.6% of the vote and elected 107 MPs to parliament.
  2. ^ a b The Portuguese Communist Party (PCP) and the Ecologist Party "The Greens" (PEV) contested the 2015 election in a coalition called Unitary Democratic Coalition (CDU) and won a combined 8.3% of the vote and elected 17 MPs to parliament.
  3. ^ In the 2015 election, Assunção Cristas was elected in the district of Leiria.
  4. ^ Here pictured, the party's main candidate in this campaign, Joacine Katar Moreira, running for Lisbon.
  5. ^ a b c The Socialist Alternative Movement (MAS) and the Portuguese Labour Party (PTP) contested the 2015 election in a coalition called AGIR! (Act!) and won a combined 0.4% of the vote.

References

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  1. ^ "Mapa Oficial n.º 8/2019", Comissão Nacional de Eleições, 12 August 2019. Retrieved 31 August 2019.
  2. ^ "Marcelo anuncia eleições legislativas em 6 de outubro", Sapo 24, 7 December 2018. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
  3. ^ a b "Há um antes e um depois da acusação de Tancos na campanha ", Público, 26 September 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
  4. ^ "Um mapa cor-de-rosa com sete maiorias absolutas", Público, 7 October 2019. Retrieved 9 October 2019.
  5. ^ "Rui Rio: “Não há desastre nenhum”", Rádio e Televisão de Portugal, 7 October 2019. Retrieved 9 October 2019.
  6. ^ "Luís Montenegro: "Sou candidato às próximas eleições diretas"". Diário de Notícias (in Portuguese). 9 October 2019.
  7. ^ "CDS volta a meter-se num táxi e Assunção Cristas sai de cena", Público, 7 October 2019. Retrieved 9 October 2019.
  8. ^ Fernandes, Jorge M.; Magalhães, Pedro C. (2020-01-08). "The 2019 Portuguese general elections". West European Politics. 43 (4): 1038–1050. doi:10.1080/01402382.2019.1702301. ISSN 0140-2382. S2CID 213943550.
  9. ^ "Entrada de extrema-direita no Parlamento “deve alarmar partidos”", Público, 8 October 2019. Retrieved 9 October 2019.
  10. ^ "Cavaco Silva convida Passos a formar Governo: a comunicação de Cavaco na íntegra". RTP (in Portuguese). Lisbon. 6 October 2015. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
  11. ^ "Tomada de posse: Cavaco modera o tom. Passos quer governar". Diário de Notícias (in Portuguese). Lisbon. 30 October 2015. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
  12. ^ "O que já chamaram ao acordo: da geringonça ao caterpillar". Diário de Notícias (in Portuguese). Lisbon. 12 November 2015. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
  13. ^ "Portas diz que governo de António Costa será uma geringonça". Rádio Renascença (in Portuguese). Lisbon. 10 November 2015. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
  14. ^ Angelique Chrisafis (10 November 2015). "Portuguese MPs force minority government to quit over austerity". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
  15. ^ "Às 16h02... António Costa tomou posse como primeiro-ministro". Expresso (in Portuguese). Lisbon. 26 November 2015. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
  16. ^ "Portas abandona liderança do CDS-PP", TSF, 28 December 2015. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
  17. ^ "Estratégia de Cristas recolhe 98,7% dos votos", Observador, 12 March 2015. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
  18. ^ "Passos Coelho não se recandidata à liderança do PSD". Expresso (in Portuguese). 2017.
  19. ^ "Rui Rio anuncia quarta-feira candidatura à liderança do PSD", RTP, 6 October 2017. Retrieved 20 January 2018.
  20. ^ "PSD. Santana Lopes apresenta candidatura à liderança este domingo", RTP, 17 October 2017. Retrieved 20 January 2018.
  21. ^ "Rui Rio é o novo presidente do PSD", Jornal de Negócios, 13 January 2018. Retrieved 20 January 2018.
  22. ^ "Santana Lopes deixa o PSD e prepara novo partido", Observador, 27 June 2018. Retrieved 28 July 2020.
  23. ^ "Aliança é o novo partido de Santana Lopes ", Público, 18 August 2018. Retrieved 28 July 2020.
  24. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-10-22. Retrieved 2015-10-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  25. ^ Electoral law to the Assembly of the Republic
  26. ^ "Constitution of the Portuguese Republic" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2019-12-29.
  27. ^ "Effective threshold in electoral systems". Trinity College, Dublin. Retrieved 2015-10-21.
  28. ^ Gallaher, Michael (1992). "Comparing Proportional Representation Electoral Systems: Quotas, Thresholds, Paradoxes and Majorities"
  29. ^ "Mapa Oficial n.º 8/2019" (PDF). CNE - Comissão Nacional de Eleições - Diário da República, 1.a série—N.o 154-12 de agosto de 2019. Retrieved 31 August 2019.
  30. ^ "Mais de 56 mil pessoas pediram para votar antecipadamente", Diário de Notícias, 27 September 2019. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
  31. ^ "Mais de 50 mil eleitores votaram antecipadamente para as legislativas ", Diário de Notícias, 1 October 2019. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
  32. ^ "Rui Rio: "Nós não somos de direita. Nós somos do centro, somos moderados"" [Rui Rio: "We aren't right-wing. We are on the center, we're moderate"]. PÚBLICO (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2019-09-03.
  33. ^ Paulo Trigo Pereira sai da bancada do PS com críticas ao “paternalismo” do Governo , Expresso, 7 December 2018. Retrieved 8 December 2018.
  34. ^ "PSD Legislativas 2019". PSD (in Portuguese). Retrieved 4 September 2019.
  35. ^ "PS Legislativas 2019". PS (in Portuguese). Retrieved 4 September 2019.
  36. ^ "BE Legislativas 2019". BE (in Portuguese). Retrieved 4 September 2019.
  37. ^ "CDS Legislativas 2019". CDS-PP (in Portuguese). Retrieved 4 September 2019.
  38. ^ "CDU Legislativas 2019". CDU (in Portuguese). Retrieved 4 September 2019.
  39. ^ "PAN apresenta Programa Eleitoral para Legislativas 2019". PAN (in Portuguese). 30 August 2019. Retrieved 4 September 2019.
  40. ^ "Livre Legislativas 2019". Livre (in Portuguese). Retrieved 11 May 2020.
  41. ^ "Iniciativa Liberal Legislativas 2019". Iniciativa Liberal (in Portuguese). Retrieved 11 May 2020.
  42. ^ "ELEIÇÕES LEGISLATIVAS DE 2019 – LEIRIA – CHEGA". EPHEMERA (in Portuguese). Retrieved 11 May 2020.
  43. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Este é o calendário de debates para as legislativas". Eco (in Portuguese). 2 August 2019. Retrieved 3 August 2019.
  44. ^ "Perdeu o debate dos pequenos partidos? Resumo em oito pontos". Rádio Renascença (in Portuguese). 1 October 2019. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
  45. ^ "Legislativas 2019 - Afluência". eleicoes.mai.gov.pt/legislativas2019/index.html (in Portuguese). Ministry of Internal Administration. Retrieved 8 June 2023.
  46. ^ "Legislativas 2015 - Afluência". eleicoes.mai.gov.pt/legislativas2015/index.html (in Portuguese). Ministry of Internal Administration. Retrieved 8 June 2023.
  47. ^ "Socialists victorious in Portuguese election". 6 October 2019.
  48. ^ "Catarina Martins lamenta fim da "geringonça"" (in Portuguese). Público. 11 October 2019. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
  49. ^ ""Fim de linha" de "compromisso histórico". Geringonça em Portugal está desgastada, avisa Financial Times" (in Portuguese). Jornal Económico. 21 December 2020. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
  50. ^ "OE2022. PCP junta-se a BE e anuncia voto contra orçamento "tal como está"" (in Portuguese). Diário de Notícias. 12 October 2021. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
  51. ^ "Marcelo pressiona acordo e avisa que sem Orçamento não há duodécimos, mas eleições antecipadas" (in Portuguese). Observador. 13 October 2021. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
  52. ^ "Marcelo marca eleições para 30 de janeiro" (in Portuguese). Diário de Notícias. 4 November 2021. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
  53. ^ "Orçamento do Estado para 2022 chumbado pelo Parlamento na generalidade". RTP (in Portuguese). Lisbon. 28 October 2021. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
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