Cascade Mountains leeward forests
| Cascade Mountains leeward forests | |
|---|---|
Stein Valley Nlaka'pamux Heritage Park | |
| Ecology | |
| Realm | Nearctic |
| Biome | Temperate coniferous forests |
| Borders | |
| Bird species | 187[1] |
| Mammal species | 81[1] |
| Geography | |
| Area | 46,300 km2 (17,900 sq mi) |
| Countries | |
| States | |
| Conservation | |
| Conservation status | Relatively Stable/Intact |
| Habitat loss | 67.07%[1] |
| Protected | 43.48%[1] |
The Cascade Mountains leeward forests are a temperate coniferous forest ecoregion of North America, as defined by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) categorization system.
Setting
[edit]This is a band of mountain habitat running north–south along the leeward side of the Cascade Mountains in British Columbia, Canada and Washington, United States, with the Okanagan Highland to the south on the US-Canada border and the Chilcotin Ranges to the north.[2]
This is a varied mountain landscape of rugged, snowy peaks, glaciers and alpine meadows. In the southern ranges the temperature varies from 15 °C (59 °F) in summer to −3.5 °C (26 °F) in winter with the northern ranges 2–3 °C (4–5 °F) cooler.
Flora
[edit]Higher elevation subalpine slopes are home to Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii), subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) while lower montane forests consist of lodgepole pine, quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides), white spruce (Picea glauca) and Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir.
Fauna
[edit]Wildlife of the mountains includes bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis), mountain goat (Oreamnos americanus), grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) and black bear (Ursus americanus), black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus), coyote (Canis latrans) and cougar (Puma concolor couguar)[2] with smaller mammals such as the northern flying squirrel. The birds include spotted owl, dusky grouse (Dendragapus obscurus) and a number of birds of prey. The Fraser River is particularly important for salmon and also acts as a barrier to the movement of wildlife within the region.
Threats and preservation
[edit]Most of this forest is still intact although threatened by logging, mining and other human intervention. Large blocks of intact forest include North Cascades National Park in Washington and the following areas of British Columbia; Big Creek Provincial Park and Spruce Lake Protected Area, the Stein Valley Nlaka'pamux Heritage Park, E. C. Manning Provincial Park, Tsʼilʔos Provincial Park, Cathedral Provincial Park and Protected Area, Skagit Valley Provincial Park, Marble Range Provincial Park, Cascade Recreation Area and Edge Hills Provincial Park near Fraser Canyon.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d Hoekstra, J. M.; Molnar, J. L.; Jennings, M.; Revenga, C.; Spalding, M. D.; Boucher, T. M.; Robertson, J. C.; Heibel, T. J.; Ellison, K. (2010). Molnar, J. L. (ed.). The Atlas of Global Conservation: Changes, Challenges, and Opportunities to Make a Difference. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-26256-0.
- ^ a b "Cascade Mountains leeward forests". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund.
External links
[edit]Media related to Cascade Mountains leeward forests at Wikimedia Commons
- North Cascades
- Temperate coniferous forests
- Temperate coniferous forests of the United States
- Ecoregions of the United States
- Ecozones and ecoregions of British Columbia
- Flora of the Cascade Range
- Forests of British Columbia
- Forests of Washington (state)
- Montane forests
- Natural history of British Columbia
- Natural history of Washington (state)
- Flora of British Columbia
- Flora of Washington (state)
- Plant communities of the West Coast of the United States
- Nearctic ecoregions