Cyclopropyl cyanide
| Names | |
|---|---|
| Preferred IUPAC name
Cyclopropanecarbonitrile | |
| Other names
Cyanocyclopropane
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| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.024.397 |
| EC Number |
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PubChem CID
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| UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |
| C4H5N | |
| Molar mass | 67.0892g/mol[1] |
| Appearance | clear to light yellow liquid |
| Density | 0.911g/mL |
| Melting point | −25 °C (−13 °F; 248 K) |
| Boiling point | 135 °C (275 °F; 408 K) |
| soluble in water[2] | |
| log P | 1.196 |
| Hazards | |
| Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |
Main hazards
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Toxic, hazardous if inhaled, contacted with skin, or swallowed |
| GHS labelling: | |
| Danger | |
| H226, H301, H311, H315, H319, H330, H331, H335 | |
| P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P310, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P311, P312, P320, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P361, P362, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, P501 | |
| Flash point | 40 °C (104 °F; 313 K) |
| Thermochemistry | |
Std enthalpy of
combustion (ΔcH⦵298) |
182.7 |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Cyclopropyl cyanide is an organic compound consisting of a nitrile group as a substituent on a cyclopropane ring. It is the smallest cyclic compound containing a nitrile.
Structure
[edit]The structure of cyclopropyl cyanide has been determined by a variety of experiments, including microwave spectroscopy, rotational spectroscopy and photodissociation. In 1958, cyclopropyl cyanide was first studied for its rotational spectra, by Friend and Dailey.[citation needed] An additional experiment involving cyclopropyl cyanide was the determination of the molecular dipole moment through spectroscopy experiments, by Carvalho in 1967.[3]
Production
[edit]Cyclopropyl cyanide is prepared by the reaction of 4-chlorobutyronitrile with a strong base, such as sodium amide in liquid ammonia.[4]
Reactions
[edit]Cyclopropyl cyanide, when heated to 660-760K and under pressure of 2-89torr, becomes cis and trans crotonitrile and allyl cyanide molecules, with some presence of methacrylonitrile. This is an isomerization reaction that is homogeneous with rate of first order. The reaction result is due to the biradical mechanism, which involves the formation of carbon radicals as the three carbon ring opens up. The radicals then react to yield carbon=carbon double bonds.[5]
References
[edit]- ^ "cyclopropanecarbonitrile - Compound Summary". PubChem.
- ^ "Cyclopropyl cyanide". Chemical Book.
- ^ Bizzocchi, Luca; Claudio Degli Esposti; Luca Dore; Zbigniew Kisiel (September–October 2008). "Submillimetre-wave spectrum, 14N-hyperfine structure, and dipole moment of cyclopropyl cyanide". Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy. 251 (1–2): 138–144. Bibcode:2008JMoSp.251..138B. doi:10.1016/j.jms.2008.02.009.
- ^ Schlatter, M. J. (1943). "Cyclopropyl Cyanide". Organic Syntheses. 23: 20. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.023.0020.
- ^ Luckraft; Robinson (1973). "Kinetics of the reactions of cyclopropane derivatives. III. Gas-phase unimolecular isomerization of cyclopropyl cyanide to the cyanopropenes". International Journal of Chemical Kinetics. 5: 137–147. doi:10.1002/kin.550050112.