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Alcântara Formation

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Coordinates: 2°30′S 44°30′W / 2.5°S 44.5°W / -2.5; -44.5
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Alcântara Formation
Stratigraphic range: Cenomanian
TypeGeological formation
Unit ofItapecuru Group
UnderliesCujupe Formation
OverliesUndifferentiated unit
Thickness30–35 m (98–115 ft)
Lithology
PrimarySandstone
OtherClaystone, conglomerate
Location
Coordinates2°30′S 44°30′W / 2.5°S 44.5°W / -2.5; -44.5
Approximate paleocoordinates9°24′S 19°18′W / 9.4°S 19.3°W / -9.4; -19.3
Region Maranhão
Country Brazil
ExtentSão Luís-Grajaú Basin
Type section
Named forAlcântara (city)
Named byRossetti & Truckenbrodt
Year defined1997
Alcântara Formation is located in Brazil
Alcântara Formation
Alcântara Formation (Brazil)

The Alcântara Formation is a geological formation in northeastern Brazil whose strata date back to the Cenomanian of the Late Cretaceous.[1]

Fossil content

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Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

Dinosaurs

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Sauropods

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Sauropods of the Alcântara Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Itapeuasaurus[2] I. cajapioensis Itapeua beach A rebbachisaurid sauropod
cf. Limaysaurus[3] L. tessonei Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island Vertebrae A rebbachisaurid sauropod
cf. Malawisaurus?[4][5] M. sp. Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island Tooth A tooth similar to Malawisaurus
Sauropoda indet.[5] Indeterminate Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island Teeth May belong to a titanosaurian or a diplodocoid rebbachisaurid
Titanosauria indet.[5] Indeterminate Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island Vertebrae and an osteoderm A titanosaurian sauropod

Theropods

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Theropods of the Alcântara Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Abelisauridae Indet.[6] Indeterminate Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island Two shed tooth crowns A abelisaurid theropod
Carcharodontosauridae Indet.[7] Indeterminate Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island Teeth A carcharodontosaurid theropod
Dromaeosauridae indet.[5] Indeterminate Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island Teeth Possible member of Velociraptorinae
Noasauridae indet. [8] Indeterminate Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island Nine teeth A noasaurid theropod; closely related to Masiakasaurus.
Oxalaia[9] O. quilombensis Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island Fused premaxillae; isolated and incomplete left maxilla A spinosaurid theropod which may be synonymus with Spinosaurus itself.[10] However, this has been disputed.[11]

Sigilmassasaurus[5]

S. brevicollis

Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island Two caudal vertebrae

Referral to Sigilmassasaurus was based on similarity to presumed caudal vertebrae of the genus from the Kem Kem Group. However, these caudal vertebrae have since been separated from the genus, meaning that it is currently impossible to refer any caudal vertebrae to it.

Spinosauridae indet.[12] Indeterminate Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island Teeth A spinosaurid theropod different from Oxalaia.
Unenlagiinae[13] Indeterminate Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island, São Luís-Grajaú Basin Teeth A dromaeosaurid theropod

Pterosauria

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Pterosaurs of the Alcântara Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Anhangueridae indet.[5] Indeterminate Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island Teeth A anhanguerid pterosaur

Crocodylomorphs

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Crocodylomorphs of the Alcântara Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Candidodon[5] C. itapecuruense Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island Teeth A notosuchian
Coringasuchus[14] C. anisodontis Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island Partial right dentary A notosuchian

Turtles

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Turtles of the Alcântara Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Pelomedusoides indet.[5] Indeterminate Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island Incomplete carapace

Squamates

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Squamates of the Alcântara Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Seismophis[15] S. septentrionalis Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island Vertebrae A snake

Fish

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Fishes of the Alcântara Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Aegyptobatus[16] A. kuehnei Laje de Coringa, Cajual Island A distobatidae hybodont
Arganodus[5] A. tiguidiensis Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island Dental plates A ceratodontid lungfish
Atlanticopristis[17] A. equatorialis Falésia do Sismito and Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island Fourteen denticle specimens (two complete) A sclerorhynchid rajoid
Bartschichthys[5] B. sp. Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island Spines A cladistian
Ceratodus[5] C. brasiliensis Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island Dental plates A ceratodontid lungfish
C. humei
Equinoxiodus[5] E. alcantarensis[18] Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island One complete and eight incomplete tooth plates A neoceatodontid lungfish
E. schuitzei[19]
Lepidotes[5] L. sp. Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island Mineralized scales A lepidotid fish.
Mawsonia[20] M. gigas Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island Palato-quadrate and post-parietal cranial material A mawsoniid coelacanth.
Myliobatis[5] M. dixoni Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island A myliobatid eagle ray
Onchopristis[5] O. numida Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island Rostral teeth A sclerorhynchoid
Pycnodontiformes indet.[5] Indeterminate Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island Dental plate and teeth
Stephanodus[5] S. sp. Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island Pharyngeal teeth A pycnodontid fish
Tribodus[5] T. limae Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island Dorsal spines A hybodont shark

References

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  1. ^ Rossetti, D.F.; Truckenbrodt, W. (1997). "Revisão estratigráfica para os depósitos do Albiano-Terciário Inferior (?) na Bacia de São Luís (MA), Norte do Brasil". Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. 9: 29–41.
  2. ^ Lindoso, Rafael Matos; Medeiros, Manuel Alfredo Araújo; Carvalho, Ismar de Souza; Pereira, Agostinha Araújo; Mendes, Ighor Dienes; Iori, Fabiano Vidoi; Sousa, Eliane Pinheiro; Arcanjo, Silvia Helena Souza; Silva, Taciane Costa Madeira (July 2019). "A new rebbachisaurid (Sauropoda: Diplodocoidea) from the middle Cretaceous of northern Brazil". Cretaceous Research. 104: 104191. Bibcode:2019CrRes.10404191L. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2019.104191. ISSN 0195-6671. S2CID 201321631.
  3. ^ Medeiros, Manuel Alfredo; Schultz, Cesar Leandro (2004). "Rayososaurus (Sauropoda, Diplodocoidea) no meso-Cretáceo do Norte-Nordeste Brasileiro". Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia. 7 (2): 275–279. doi:10.4072/rbp.2004.2.22.
  4. ^ Freire, Pedro Carvalho; Medeiros, Manuel Alfredo; Lindoso, Rafael Matos (2007). "Sauropod teeth diversity in the Laje do Coringa fossiliferous site, Eocenomanian of Northeastern Brazil". Paleontologia: Cenários de Vida: 523–532.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Medeiros, Manuel Alfredo; Lindoso, Rafael Motos; Mendes, Ighor Dienes; Carvalho, Ismar de Souza (2014). "The Cretaceous (Cenomanian) continental record of the Laje do Coringa flagstone (Alcântara Formation), northeastern South America". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 53: 50–58. Bibcode:2014JSAES..53...50M. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2014.04.002.
  6. ^ Marcos A.F. Sales; Isabel A.P. de Oliveira; Cesar L. Schultz (2018). "The oldest abelisaurid record from Brazil and the palaeobiogeographic significance of mid-Cretaceous dinosaur assemblages from northern South America". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 508: 107–115. Bibcode:2018PPP...508..107S. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.07.024. S2CID 133650699.
  7. ^ Candeiro, C.R.A.; Martinelli, Agustin G. (2005). "Abelisauroidea and Carcharodontosauridae (Theropoda, Dinosauria) in the Cretaceous of South America. Paleogeographical and geocronological implications". Sociedade & Natureza. 17 (33).
  8. ^ Lindoso, Rafael Matos; Medeiros, Manuel Alfredo; Carvalho, Ismar de Souza; Marinho, Thiago da Silva (August 2012). "Masiakasaurus-like theropod teeth from the Alcântara Formation, São Luís Basin (Cenomanian), northeastern Brazil". Cretaceous Research. 36: 119–124. Bibcode:2012CrRes..36..119L. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2012.03.002.
  9. ^ Kellner, Alexander W.A.; Azevedeo, Sergio A.K.; Machado, Elaine B.; Carvalho, Luciana B.; Henriques, Deise D.R. (2012). "A new dinosaur (Theropoda, Spinosauridae) from the Cretaceous (Cenomanian) Alcântara Formation, Cajual Island, Brazil" (PDF). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências. 83 (1): 99–108. doi:10.1590/S0001-37652011000100006. ISSN 0001-3765. PMID 21437377.
  10. ^ Smyth, Robert S.H.; Ibrahim, Nizar; Martill, David M. (2020). "Sigilmassasaurus is Spinosaurus: A reappraisal of African spinosaurines". Cretaceous Research. 114: 104520. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104520.
  11. ^ Isasmendi, Erik; Navarro-Lorbés, Pablo; Sáez-Benito, Patxi; Viera, Luis I.; Torices, Angelica; Pereda-Suberbiola, Xabier (2023-06-03). "New contributions to the skull anatomy of spinosaurid theropods: Baryonychinae maxilla from the Early Cretaceous of Igea (La Rioja, Spain)". Historical Biology. 35 (6): 909–923. doi:10.1080/08912963.2022.2069019. ISSN 0891-2963.
  12. ^ Medeiros, Manuel Alfredo (2006). "Large theropod teeth from the Eocenomanian of northeastern Brazil and the occurrence of Spinosauridae". Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia. 9 (3): 333–338. doi:10.4072/rbp.2006.3.08.
  13. ^ Letizio LA, Bertini RJ, Medeiros MA (2022-07-16). "New evidence of putative Unenlagiinae (Deinonychosauria, Theropoda) in the São Luís-Grajaú Basin, Albian–Cenomanian, State of Maranhão, Brazil". Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia. 25 (2): 157–164. doi:10.4072/rbp.2022.2.05.
  14. ^ Kellner, A.W.A.; Pinheiro, A.E.P.; Azevedo, S.A.K.; Henriques, D.D.R.; de Carvalho, L.B.; Oliveira, G.R. (2009). "A new crocodyliform from the Alcântara Formation (Cenomanian), Cajual Island, Brazil". Zootaxa. 2030: 49–58. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2030.1.4. S2CID 88042701.
  15. ^ Hsiou, A. S.; Albino, A. M.; Medeiros, M. A.; Santos, R. A. B. (2013). "The oldest Brazilian snakes from the early Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 59 (3): 635–642. doi:10.4202/app.2012.0091. hdl:11336/99860.
  16. ^ Neves, G. S.; Medeiros, M. A.; Dutheil, D. B.; Brito, P. M. (2024). "First record of Aegyptobatus (Hybodontiformes: Distobatidae) in the Cretaceous Alcântara formation (?Albian-Cenomanian) of Maranhão, Northeastern Brazil". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology: 1–7. doi:10.1080/08912963.2024.2379031.
  17. ^ Pereira, A.A.; Medeiros, M.A. (2008). "A new sclerorhynchiform (Elasmobranchii) from the middle Cretaceous of Brazil". Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia. 11 (3): 207–212. doi:10.4072/rbp.2008.3.07.
  18. ^ Toledo, C.E.; Sousa, E.P.; Medeiros, M.A.; Bertini, R.J. (2011). "A new genus of dipnoiformes from the Cretaceous of Brazil". Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências. 83 (4): 1181–1192. doi:10.1590/s0001-37652011000400006. hdl:11449/25070. PMID 22146953.
  19. ^ Eliane Pinheiro De Sousa; Manuel Alfredo Medeiros; Carlos Eduardo Vieira Toledo; Reinaldo J. Bertini; Agostinha Araújo Pereira; Rafael Matos Lindoso (2015). "A new species of Equinoxiodus (Dipnoi: ?Neoceratodontidae) from the Late Cretaceous of Brazil". Zootaxa. 3905 (3): 397–406. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3905.3.5. PMID 25661218.
  20. ^ Medeiros, M.A., Carvalho, M.S.S., Silva, M.A.M., Pereira, A.A., Araujo, M.N., Ferreira, N.N., Vilas Bôas, I., 2011. O senhor dos rios: Mawsonia gigas (Mawsoniidae) do Cenomaniano do Maranhão, Brasil. In: Carvalho, I.S., Srivastava, N.K., Strohschoen, J.O., Lana, C.C. (Eds.), Paleontologia: Cenários de Vida, Vol. 4. Interciência, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 575-583.
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