Alstom Crespin
| Company type | Société par actions simplifiée |
|---|---|
| Industry | Rail Transport |
| Founded | 1882 |
| Headquarters | Crespin, France |
Key people | Laurent Bouyer (President) |
| Products | Intercity and commuter trains People movers |
Number of employees | 1,500 (2019) |
| Parent | Alstom |
| Website | www.alstom.com |
Alstom Crespin, formerly Bombardier Transport France and ANF Industrie, is a French rolling stock manufacturer based at Crespin, in Hauts-de-France region, France. The company was acquired by Bombardier Transportation in 1989, then by Alstom in 2021.
History
[edit]Origins
[edit]Les Ateliers de Construction du Nord de la France (The Construction Workshops in the North of France) was founded in 1882 as a subsidiary of Franco-Belgian company La Métallurgique.[1][2][n 1] The company was established to avoid import tariffs imposed in 1881 in France on goods imported from Belgium.[5]
In 1908 the company merged with and absorbed Société Nicaise et Delcuve (based in La Louvière, Belgium), and was renamed Ateliers du Nord de la France et Nicaise et Delcuve by 1910.[4]
In 1913 the Trust Métallurgique Belge-Français reorganised; the factories in La Louvière, Belgium (the former Nicaise et Delcuve) were combined with other of the Trust Métallurgique Belge-Français interests in Belgian industry (including La Société la Brugeoise) to form La Société La Brugeoise et Nicaise et Delcuve,[6] and the Ateliers du Nord de la France became an entirely French concern.[4]
During World War I the factory was occupied by the Germans, and its material removed to Germany. Post war the factory was rebuilt and its machinery recovered. By 1928 production had reached pre-war levels and employed around 4,000 people. The Great Depression caused a reduction in the workforce to half previous, and a similar decrease in production.[7]
In 1934 the company acquired part of the shares of Sambre et Meuse, which became an important manufacturer of cast steel parts for rolling stock (i.e. bogies).[8]
During World War II the main ANF plant at Blanc-Misseron initially produced orders for military use, and was later occupied by the German forces. The plant was a target of Allied bombing in 1944 due to its use in keeping the rail network in occupied territory running.[9]
In 1970 ANF Industrie produced the Turbotrain, a high-speed gas turbine train. It saw limited success due to the oil crisis of the late 1970s, and was overshadowed by the TGV.[10]
Between 1986 and 1988, the 425 R68 New York City Subway Cars were manufactured by Westinghouse Amrail Company, a joint venture of Westinghouse and Francorail (itself a joint venture of ANF Industrie, Jeumont Schneider, and Alsthom), with ANF Industrie as leader.[11]
Acquisition by Bombardier
[edit]In 1987 the Francorail industrial association ended, due to the transfer of Schneider group's railway activities to Alsthom; the resultant isolation of ANF within the railway sector led to its acquisition by Bombardier in 1989.[12][13]
In November 2001 after the acquisition of Adtranz, Bombardier indicated that the plant would be one of three main sites in Europe for bogie manufacture, and a core site for final assembly.[14] Bombardier has made the plant one of its key production sites with over 2,000 employees (2010), and claims an investment of over €500 million. The site accounts for around one third of French domestic passenger rail production.[15]
Following its takeover by Bombardier, the manufacturer has also signed contracts that provide for production at the Crespin site, including: a participation with Alstom in the construction of the MF 01, the so-called Autorail à grande capacité (AGC) trainsets, the Francilien NAT and Regio 2N trainsets.
On 4 December 2020, Bombardier Transportation announces a €25 million investment plan to modernise and increase the production capacity of its Crespin plant, in the presence of Xavier Bertrand, President of the Hauts-de-France region.[16]
See also
[edit]- La Brugeoise et Nivelles, Belgian rolling stock manufacturer, now part of Bombardier Transportation
- Société Franco-Belge, rolling stock manufacture, now part of Alstom with factory located at Raismes, Valenciennes, France
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Piers Connor. "DISTRICT ELECTRIC TRAINS 3 – FROM A TO B" (PDF). lurs.org.uk. London Underground Railway Society (LURS). p. 11.
- ^ Paloma Fernández Pérez (2007). Del metal al motor: innovación y atraso en la historia de la industria metal-mecánica española (in Spanish). Fundacion BBVA. p. 292. ISBN 9788496515321.
- ^ Odette Hardy-Hémery (1985). Industries, patronat et ouvriers du Valenciennois pendant le premier XXème siècle: développements et restructurations capitalistes a l'âge du charbon et de l'acier (in French). Vol. 1. Atelier national de reproduction des thèses, Université Lille III. p. 226. ISBN 9782729500368.
- ^ a b c Marie-Thérèse Bitsch (1994). La Belgique entre la France et l'Allemagne, 1905-1914 (in French). Publications de la Sorbonne. pp. 232–3. ISBN 9782859442392.
- ^ René Fruit (1963), La croissance économique du pays de Saint-Amand (Nord) 1668-1914 (in French), A. Colin, footnote 161, p.230
- ^ A forerunner of the Belgian rail vehicle manufacturing company La Brugeoise et Nivelles
- ^ d'Ambrières 2011, §3-4.
- ^ d'Ambrières 2011, §5.
- ^ d'Ambrières 2011, §8.
- ^ d'Ambrières 2011, §24-26.
- ^ Sources:
- Mass Transit, vol. 14, 1987, p. 10
- "NYCTA Gets Last Of R68s", Modern Railroads, 43 (12–23): 16, 1988
- ^ d'Ambrières 2011, §30.
- ^ "Bombardier Transportation - A Global Transportation Leader" (PDF). Japan Railway & Transport Review (42). December 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-06-13. Retrieved 2011-06-29.
- ^ "Bombardier Sets Course for the Future With New European Passenger-Vehicle Manufacturing Network Strategy", www.thefreelibrary.com, Business Wire, 13 November 2001, archived from the original on 11 April 2019, retrieved 11 February 2012
- ^ Sources:
- Bombardier Transport en France (PDF) (in French), Bombardier Transportation, pp. 4–6, retrieved 10 January 2012[permanent dead link]
- Le site de Crespin : la réussite d'un intégrateur ferroviaire (PDF) (in French), Bombardier Transportation, June 2008, archived from the original (PDF) on 29 December 2009
- ^ Nouvelle, L'Usine (2020-12-04). "Bombardier investit 25 millions d'euros dans son usine de Crespin" (in French).
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Sources
[edit]- d'Ambrières, René (2011), "Les Pelabon : entre industrie et patriotisme, ou des ANF aux Mureaux en passant par Londres", Bulletin de la Sabix (in French), 48