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Bharathiraja

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Bharathiraja
Born
Chinnasaamy Periyamayathevar

(1941-07-17) 17 July 1941 (age 83)[1]
Allinagaram, Theni, Madurai District, Madras Presidency, British India.Present day Theni district, Tamil Nadu, India.
Occupation(s)Film director, Screenwriter, Actor
Years active1977–present
Spouse
Chandraleela
​
(m. 1974)​
ChildrenManoj Bharathiraja (b.1976)
Janani (b.1979)
RelativesManoj Kumar (brother-in-law)
Jayaraj Periyamayathevar (brother)
AwardsPadma Shri (2004)

Bharathiraja (/bɑːrʌðɪrɑːdʒɑː/ born 17 July 1941) is an Indian film director and actor who works mainly in the Tamil film industry. Making his debut in 1977 with 16 Vayathinile, he is known for realistic and sensitive portrayals of rural life in his films and popularly referred to as Iyakkunar Imayam. As of 2017, he has won six National Film Awards, four Filmfare Awards South, six Tamil Nadu State Film Awards and a Nandi Award. He has also directed films in Telugu and Hindi. The Government of India honoured him with the Padma Shri award, India's fourth-highest civilian honour, in 2004 for his contribution to the film industry. In 2005, he was conferred with the Doctor of Letters (honorary degree) from Sathyabama University.[2]

Film career

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Bharathiraja started his film career as an assistant to Kannada filmmaker Puttanna Kanagal.[citation needed] Later, he assisted P. Pullaiah, M. Krishnan Nair,[3] Avinasi Mani and A. Jagannathan. His first film 16 Vayathinile, for which he wrote the script, broke the then existing convention to create a new genre of village cinema. The film is now regarded as a milestone in the history of Tamil Cinema. About the film, Bharathiraja said: "This movie was meant to be a black & white art film produced with the help of National Film Development Corporation", but turned out to be a commercially successful colour film and a starting point for several important careers.[4] His next film Kizhake Pogum Rail produced similar results and eventually brought in criticisms that Bharathiraja was capable of catering only to village audiences. This led him to make Sigappu Rojakkal, about a psychopathic woman-hater that was totally westernized in terms of both conception and production.[5]

Bharathiraja confirmed his versatility and refusal to be tied down to one particular genre with an experimental film Nizhalgal (1980), and the action thriller Tik Tik Tik (1981). But undoubtedly, rural themes proved to be his strong suit as his biggest hits in the 1980s: Alaigal Oivathillai (1981), Mann Vasanai (1983) and Muthal Mariyathai (1985) were strong love stories in a village backdrop. Muthal Mariyathai starred Sivaji Ganesan in the lead, playing a middle-aged village head. Radha is a poor young woman who moves into his village for a living. The love that bonds these two humans separated not just by age but also by caste and class, is told by Bharathiraja with poetic touches.[citation needed]

Vedham Pudhithu dealt with the caste issue in a stronger manner.[6] The film's narrative was seamless and starred Sathyaraj as Balu Thevar. It contains some of Bharathiraja's trademark touches as well as several ground-breaking scenes. Vedham Pudhithu made a revolutionary thoughts about caste discriminations in Brahmin and other upper castes in Tamil Nadu. Bharathiraja has successfully managed to modernise his film-making techniques for the 1990s. The commercial success of Kizhakku Cheemaiyile and the awards that Karuththamma garnered stand as testimony to his ability to thrill the younger generation as well. Bharathiraja was on the same stage in 1996 to receive another National Award for Anthimanthaarai.

In late 1996, Bharathiraja was signed on to direct two films, with the Sarathkumar-starrer Vaakkapatta Bhoomi announced in October. The following month, he began work on a film titled Siragugal Murivadhillai, starring Napolean, Heera Rajagopal and Prakash Raj. Both films were later shelved.[7] He planned to revive Vaakkapatta Bhoomi with Cheran during late 2004, but the collaboration did not materialise.[8]

His 2001 film Kadal Pookal won him that year's National Film Award for Best Screenplay. The well-known Tamil film director Bhagyaraj was one of his assistant directors. In 2008, Bharathiraja made his television debut with series Thekkathi Ponnu which aired on Kalaignar TV.[9] He went on to direct two other series Appanum Aathaalum and Muthal Mariyathai for the same channel.[10]

During early 2016, Bharathiraja was embroiled in a legal tussle with director Bala on making a film titled Kutra Parambarai, though neither filmmaker eventually made their respective films.[11][12] He later moved on to plan a film starring director Vasanth's son, Ritwik Varun, and Vikram's nephew, but the film was dropped after two schedules.[13] In 2018, Bharathirajaa was working on a film titled November 8, Iravu 8 Mani starring Vidharth, which narrates events following the decision to demonetise certain banknotes in India.[14][15]

Style, critique and public perception

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When the old era was dominated by films shot inside studios, Bharathiraja directed village themed films that inspired Tamil cinema to capture live locations. Array of village films in Tamil cinema started after his trendsetting film 16 Vayathinile.[16][17] He changed the attire of male lead role as simple and without much cosmetics and female leads in his films as dusky looking which were before dominated by fair skinned ladies.[18] He started the style of directors speaking to the audience with his famous dialogue "En Iniya Thamizh Makkale (My sweet Tamil people)".[19][20] Bharathiraja is revered as one of the best directors of Indian cinema. His ideas were original and his subjects were complex ideas expressed in a manner every common man could understand.[21]

He is also known for introducing a number of new faces to the film industry.[18][22] He has introduced many actors as new faces notable among them are Karthik, Radha, Revathi, Radhika, and Vijayashanti.[23][24][25][26] Apart from lead actors, he has introduced a bunch of supporting actors. Notable among them include Janagaraj, Vadivukkarasi, Chandrasekhar, Pandiyan, and Napoleon.[27][28][29] As an experimental initiative he used to give new actors a small role in his films later they becoming popular among people and turning to busy actors. Many present day directors who were unknown to people turned into actors after playing a debut petty role in his films: K. Bhagyaraj, Manivannan, Manobala, Thiagarajan, and Ponvannan are among them.[30][31] He was also instrumental in portraying Sathyaraj for the first time in lead role.

Bharathiraja inspired many young film makers and runs a school called Bharathi Raja International Institute of Cinema (BRIIC) on film making.[32][33]

Bharathiraja directed socially themed films with special emphasis on women and their complicated interpersonal relationships. He addressed other social evils like caste discrimination in his films.[23][17]

Personal life

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Bharathiraja was born as Chinnasamy to parents Periyamayathevar and Karuthammal in Theni Allinagaram, a town in the erstwhile Theni district of Tamil Nadu in a Kallar family.[34] He married ChandraLeela in 1974 and has two children Manoj Bharathiraja (born 1976) and Janani (born 1979).

Manoj is an actor who was introduced in Tajmahal and he married actress Nandana.[35][36] Janani is married to Malaysian Rajkumar Thambiraja.[35] Bharathiraja's brother-in-law Manoj Kumar has directed films such as Mannukkul Vairam, Vandicholai Chinraasu, Vaanavil and Guru Paarvai.[37] His brother Jayaraj made his acting debut with Kaththukkutti.[38] His relative Stalin is a television actor who acted in serials such as Saravanan Meenatchi and 7C.[citation needed]

Awards

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Civilian honours

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National Film Awards

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Filmfare Awards South

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Tamil Nadu State Film Awards

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Nandi Awards

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Vijay Awards

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Other awards

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Filmography

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As director

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Films

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Year Title Language Notes
1977 16 Vayathinile Tamil Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Director
1978 Kizhake Pogum Rail Tamil
Sigappu Rojakkal Tamil Filmfare Award for Best Tamil Director
1979 Solva Sawan Hindi Remake of 16 Vayathinile
Puthiya Vaarpugal Tamil
Niram Maaratha Pookkal Tamil Voice for Vijayan
1980 Kotha Jeevithalu Telugu Remake of Puthiya Vaarpugal
Red Rose Hindi Remake of Sigappu Rojakkal
Nizhalgal Tamil
1981 Alaigal Oivathillai Tamil Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Director
Seethakoka Chiluka Telugu National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu
Tik Tik Tik Tamil
1982 Kaadhal Oviyam Tamil
Valibamey Vaa Vaa Tamil
1983 Man Vasanai Tamil
Lovers Hindi Remake of Alaigal Oivathillai / Seethakoka Chilaka
1984 Pudhumai Penn Tamil
1985 Oru Kaidhiyin Diary Tamil
Yuvadharam Pilicindi Telugu
Mudhal Mariyathai Tamil National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil
1986 Saveray Wali Gaadi Hindi
Kadalora Kavithaigal Tamil

25th Film

1987 Vedham Pudhithu Tamil National Film Award for Best Film on Other Social Issues
Aradhana Telugu
1988 Jamadagni Telugu Dubbed in Tamil as Naarkaali Kanavugal
Kodi Parakuthu Tamil Dubbed for Manivannan
1990 En Uyir Thozhan Tamil
1991 Pudhu Nellu Pudhu Naathu Tamil
1992 Nadodi Thendral Tamil
1993 Captain Magal Tamil
Kizhakku Cheemayile Tamil
1994 Karuthamma Tamil National Film Award for Best Film on Family Welfare
1995 Pasum Ponn Tamil
1996 Tamizh Selvan Tamil
Anthimanthaarai Tamil National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil
1999 Taj Mahal Tamil
2001 Kadal Pookkal Tamil National Film Award for Best Screenplay
2003 Eera Nilam Tamil
2004 Kangalal Kaidhu Sei Tamil
2008 Bommalattam Tamil
2013 Annakodi Tamil
2016 Final Cut of Director Hindi Partially reshot in Tamil as Bommalattam (2008)
2020 Meendum Oru Mariyathai Tamil

Television

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List of TV Serials directed by Bharathiraja and aired on Kalaignar TV.[46]

As actor

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Year Title Role Notes
1980 Kallukkul Eeram Himself Also writer
1984 Dhavani Kanavugal Himself Guest appearance
1991 Idhayam Himself Guest appearance
Thanthu Vitten Ennai Himself Guest appearance
2002 Kadhal Virus Himself Guest appearance
2004 Aayutha Ezhuthu Selvanayagam
2010 Rettaisuzhi Singaravelan
2013 Pandianadu Kalyanasundaram Vijay Award for Best Supporting Actor
2014 Ninaithathu Yaaro Himself Guest appearance
2017 Kurangu Bommai Sundaram
Padaiveeran Krishnan
2018 Seethakaathi Himself Special appearance
2019 Kennedy Club Savarimuthu
Namma Veetu Pillai Arunmozhivarman
2020 Meendum Oru Mariyathai Om
2021 Eeswaran Periyasamy
Rocky Manimaran
2022 Kuttram Kuttrame DSP Muthukaruppan
Thiruchitrambalam Thiruchitrambalam Sr.
2023 Vaathi Villager Cameo appearance
Sir Villager Telugu film; Cameo appearance
Thiruvin Kural Marimuthu
Karumegangal Kalaigindrana Ramanathan
Margazhi Thingal Ramaiyaa
2024 Kalvan Azhagar
Maharaja Gopal Thatha

Dubbing artist

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Singer

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References

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