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Burqin, Palestine

Coordinates: 32°27′20″N 35°15′37″E / 32.45556°N 35.26028°E / 32.45556; 35.26028
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Burqin
Municipality type C
Arabic transcription(s)
 • Arabicبرقين
 • LatinBirqin (official)
St George Church in Burqin
St George Church in Burqin
Burqin is located in State of Palestine
Burqin
Burqin
Location of Burqin within Palestine
Coordinates: 32°27′20″N 35°15′37″E / 32.45556°N 35.26028°E / 32.45556; 35.26028
Palestine grid174/206
StateState of Palestine
GovernorateJenin
Government
 • TypeMunicipality
 • Head of MunicipalityMohammad Sabbah
Area
 • Total
19,447 dunams (19.4 km2 or 7.5 sq mi)
Population
 (2017)[1]
 • Total
7,126
 • Density370/km2 (950/sq mi)
Name meaning"Sandy soil covered with flint"[2]

Burqin (Arabic: برقين) is a Palestinian town in the northern West Bank located 5 km west of Jenin. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) census, its population was 5,685 in 2007 and 7,126 in 2017.[1][3] The majority of Burqin's residents are Muslims, and 20 Christian families live in the town. The Byzantine-era Burqin Church or St. George's Church is one of the oldest churches in the world.[4]

History

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Burqin is an ancient site, situated on a slope, with old stones reused in the town houses.[5]

It was mentioned under the name Burqana, in the 14th century BCE Amarna letters, as one of several cities conquered by the Canaanite warlord Lab'ayu in the Dothan Valley and southern Jezreel Valley.[6][7]

Pottery sherds from the Early Bronze I, Early Bronze IIB, Late Bronze III, Iron Age I, Iron Age II, late Roman, Byzantine, Umayyad/Abbasid, Medieval and early Ottoman era have been found.[7]

Ottoman era

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Burqin and vicinity in 1799[8]

In 1517, the village was included in the Ottoman Empire with the rest of Palestine, and in the 1596 tax-records it appeared as Bruqin, located in the Nahiya of Jabal Sami of the Liwa of Nablus. The population was 23 households and 4 bachelors, all Muslim. They paid a tax rate of 33.3% on agricultural products, which included wheat, barley, summer crops, olive trees, occasional revenues, goats and beehives; a total of 7980 akçe.[9]

In 1799, Pierre Jacotin placed the village, named Berkin, nearly straight west of Jenin on his map.[8] In 1838 Edward Robinson placed Burqin as being in the District of Jenin, also called "Haritheh esh-Shemaliyeh".[10]

In 1863, when Victor Guérin visited, he found the village to have about 1,000 inhabitants, all Muslim with the exception of 90 Greek Orthodox Christians. He further noted that "Some 30 excavated cisterns are evidence that this village sits upon an ancient settlement."[11]

In 1870/1871 (1288 AH), an Ottoman census listed the village in the nahiya (sub-district) of al-Sha'rawiyya al-Sharqiyya.[12]

In 1872, Claude Reignier Conder visited Burqin during his surveying work in Palestine. He was met by the local curé and shown the church. It had a stone screen on the east, shutting off three apses.[13]

In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described Burkin as "A village of Greek Christians, with a small modern church for the Greek rite. It stands on the side of a white hill, with a good well below on the north, and olives near it."[14]

British Mandate era

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In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Burqin had a population of 883; 871 Muslims and 12 Christians males,[15] where all the Christians were Orthodox.[16] This had increased in the 1931 census to a population of 1,086; 1,010 Muslim and 76 Christians, in a total of 227 inhabited houses.[17]

In the 1945 statistics the population were 1,540; 1,430 Muslims and 110 Christians,[18] with a total of 19,447 dunams of land, according to an official land and population survey.[19] Of this, 3,902 dunams were used for plantations and irrigable land, 11,219 dunams for cereals,[20] while 36 dunams were built-up (urban) land.[21]

  • Burqin 1943 1:20,000
    Burqin 1943 1:20,000
  • Burqin 1945 1:250,000
    Burqin 1945 1:250,000

Jordanian era

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In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Burqin came under Jordanian rule.

In 1961, the population of Birqin was 2,055.[22]

Post 1967

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Since the Six-Day War in 1967, Burqin has been under Israeli occupation.

On 21 July 2015 the 21-year-old Mohammed Ahmed Alauna of Burqin was shot dead during a confrontation with Israel forces who had entered the town on a night-time arrest mission.[23]

Demography

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Local origins

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Among the residents, some originated from Syria, while others are Christians who migrated from various locations, including Lod, Beit Jala, Tubas, and Transjordan.[24]

People from Burqin

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Tourism

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Burqin municipality and the Palestinian tourism ministry are working on making the Byzantine-era Burqin Church (St. George's Church) a popular tourist destination. Facilities in the town will be improved to be able to receive more tourists. The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) are funding a project to renovate an old building into a centre for tourists, where they can be offered general lectures and movie screenings before visiting the church and other historical places in the town.[4]

The municipality are talking to UNESCO about listing the town as a World Heritage Site.[4]

References

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  1. ^ a b Preliminary Results of the Population, Housing and Establishments Census, 2017 (PDF). Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) (Report). State of Palestine. February 2018. pp. 64–82. Retrieved 2023-10-24.
  2. ^ Palmer, 1881, p. 146
  3. ^ 2007 Locality Population Statistics Archived December 10, 2010, at the Wayback Machine. Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics. p. 105.
  4. ^ a b c "West Bank hopes to make ancient church popular tourist destination". The Jerusalem Post. 1 April 2015.
  5. ^ Dauphin, 1998, p. 751
  6. ^ Goren et al., 2004, p. 262.
  7. ^ a b Zertal, 2004, pp. 104–105
  8. ^ a b Noted in 1838 by Edward Robinson; according to Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, p. 159
  9. ^ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 128
  10. ^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, 2nd app, p. 130, no 8
  11. ^ Guérin, 1875, pp. 223−24
  12. ^ Grossman, David (2004). Arab Demography and Early Jewish Settlement in Palestine. Jerusalem: Magnes Press. p. 254.
  13. ^ Conder, 1878, pp. 117–118
  14. ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, pp. 46–47
  15. ^ Barron, 1923, Table IX, Sub-district of Jenin, p. 30
  16. ^ Barron, 1923, Table IX, Sub-district of Jenin, p. 47
  17. ^ Mills, 1932, p. 67
  18. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 16 Archived 2018-09-05 at the Wayback Machine
  19. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 54
  20. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 98
  21. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 148
  22. ^ Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, p. 15
  23. ^ Palestinian Shot Dead by Israeli Forces During West Bank Arrest Mission Ha'aretz 22/7/2015
  24. ^ Grossman, D. (1986). "Oscillations in the Rural Settlement of Samaria and Judaea in the Ottoman Period". in Shomron studies. Dar, S., Safrai, S., (eds). Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuchad Publishing House. p. 349

Bibliography

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