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Fort Strother

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Coordinates: 33°45′49″N 86°02′51″W / 33.76361°N 86.04750°W / 33.76361; -86.04750
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Fort Strother Site
1820 map by John Coffee showing Fort Strother (located in bottom left corner) in relation to Fort Armstrong and other Cherokee towns
Fort Strother is located in Alabama
Fort Strother
Fort Strother is located in the United States
Fort Strother
Nearest cityRagland, Alabama
Coordinates33°45′49″N 86°02′51″W / 33.76361°N 86.04750°W / 33.76361; -86.04750
Area334 acres (135 ha)
Built1813 (1813)
NRHP reference No.72001440[1]
Added to NRHPJuly 24, 1972

Fort Strother was a stockade fort at Ten Islands in the Mississippi Territory, in what is today St. Clair County, Alabama.[2] It was located on a bluff of the Coosa River, near the modern Neely Henry Dam in Ragland, Alabama.[3] The fort was built by General Andrew Jackson and several thousand militiamen in November 1813, during the Creek War and was named for Captain John Strother, Jackson's chief cartographer.[4]

History

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Creek War

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General Andrew Jackson quelling a mutiny of Tennessee soldiers outside Fort Strother

On November 1, 1813, General Jackson reached the area of Ten Islands and began construction of Fort Strother. The fort was rectangular in shape and had blockhouses at each corner. It also included a supply building, eight hospital huts, and twenty-five tents.[2] While constructing the fort, Jackson received news of a large number of Red Sticks that were in the village of Tallasseehatchee. He instructed General John Coffee to attack the village, resulting in the Battle of Tallushatchee.[5] After the Battle of Tallushatchee, Red Stick warriors under the command of William Weatherford surrounded Fort Leslie and demanded that the inhabitants join in fighting against the United States. One of the occupants escaped and was able to reach Fort Strother and inform Jackson of the siege. Jackson ordered James White and his soldiers to guard Fort Strother while he proceeded to Fort Leslie. Instead, General John Alexander Cocke ordered White to proceed to the Hillabee towns and destroy them. Nevertheless, Jackson marched to Fort Leslie and fought the Battle of Talladega.[6]

Jackson struggled with keeping Fort Strother supplied through the winter of 1813, despite it being connected to Fort Deposit on the Tennessee River by a 55-mile long supply road.[7] Some of the Tennessee soldiers stationed at Fort Strother became disgruntled and felt their obligation to serve had been fulfilled. These soldiers deserted their posts, but were recaptured or chose to voluntarily return, Even so, six were executed.[8] Supplies began to arrive from Fort Deposit and Fort Armstrong, along with additional reinforcements. With these new volunteers, Jackson set out to fight the Red Sticks at the large encampment at Tohopeka, but was instead attacked en route at the Battles of Emuckfaw and Enotachopo Creek.[9] Returning to Fort Strother, Jackson continued to enlarge his forces with additional soldiers and supplies. Among the reinforcements were William McIntosh and seventy-five Coweta warriors, who came to Fort Strother after the Battle of Calebee Creek.[10] In March 1814, Jackson dispatched Colonel John Williams and the 39th Infantry Regiment to establish Fort Williams further down the Coosa River. Jackson then marched to Fort Williams, and from there, his forces marched to Tohopeka and fought the Battle of Horseshoe Bend on March 27, 1814.[11]

Present

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An inscribed stone marker near Highway 144, erected by the county, records a brief history of the fort.[12] The Daughters of the American Revolution also placed a commemorative marker at the site on the one-hundredth anniversary of the fort's founding.[13]

Preservation

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The fort site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.[1] St. Clair County acquired the property in 2012.[14] The exact location of the fort has not been identified, but the site of a cemetery and camp have been confirmed by archaeological investigations.[15] Approximately 76 unmarked soldiers' graves have been identified laid out in three rows in the cemetery. Local efforts have been made to have the fort site and graves federally protected.[13]

Units

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Members of the 1st and 2nd Regiment East Tennessee Volunteer Militia were stationed at Fort Strother, some under the command of Samuel Wear.[16] Members of the Cherokee tribe were also stationed at Fort Strother.[17] Davy Crockett spent time at Fort Strother during his service in the Creek War.[18] Sam Houston was also stationed at Fort Strother while a member of the 39th Infantry Regiment.[13]

References

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  1. ^ a b "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010. Retrieved April 7, 2014.
  2. ^ a b Harris 1977, pp. 52.
  3. ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Fort Strother (historical)
  4. ^ Smith, Jerry. "Pieces of History". Discover St. Clair. Retrieved 9 August 2020.
  5. ^ Braund 2012, pp. 112.
  6. ^ Blackmon 2014, pp. 21.
  7. ^ Braund 2012, pp. 206.
  8. ^ Braund 2012, pp. 163.
  9. ^ Braund 2012, pp. 116.
  10. ^ Weir 2016, pp. 402.
  11. ^ Blackmon 2014, pp. 33.
  12. ^ "Fort Strother Marker". St. Clair County, Alabama. The Historical Marker Database. Retrieved 18 January 2011.
  13. ^ a b c Tutor, Phillip (2 November 2019). "Commissioner wants to preserve site where soldiers were buried two centuries ago". The Anniston Star. Retrieved 5 February 2021.
  14. ^ Vernon, EJ (June 14, 2012). "St. Clair to acquire 80 percent of Fort Strother". St. Clair News-Aegis. Retrieved April 7, 2014.
  15. ^ Braund 2012, pp. 252.
  16. ^ Kanon, Tom. "Regimental Histories of Tennessee Units During the War of 1812". Tennessee State Library and Archives. State of Tennessee. Retrieved 9 August 2020.
  17. ^ Braund 2012, pp. 126.
  18. ^ Jones 2006, pp. 102.

Sources

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  • Blackmon, Richard (2014). The Creek War 1813-1814 (PDF). Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History. ISBN 9780160925429. CMH Pub 74-4
  • Braund, Kathryn E. Holland (2012). Tohopeka: Rethinking the Creek War & the War of 1812. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: University of Alabama Press. ISBN 978-0-8173-5711-5.
  • Harris, W. Stuart (1977). Dead Towns of Alabama. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: University of Alabama Press. ISBN 0-8173-1125-4.
  • Jones, Randell (2006). In the Footsteps of Davy Crockett. Winston-Salem, North Carolina: John F. Blair. ISBN 978-0-89587-324-8.
  • Weir, Howard (2016). A Paradise of Blood: The Creek War of 1813-14. Yardley, Pennsylvania: Westholme. ISBN 1-59416-270-0.
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