Jean-Baptiste Raymond de Lacrosse
Jean-Baptiste Raymond de Lacrosse | |
|---|---|
| Governor of Saint Lucia | |
| In office 1792–1793 | |
| Preceded by | Jean-Joseph Sourbader de Gimat |
| Succeeded by | Nicolas Xavier de Ricard |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Jean-Baptiste Raymond de Lacrosse 6 September 1760 Meilhan-sur-Garonne, Kingdom of France |
| Died | 10 September 1829 (aged 69) Meilhan-sur-Garonne, Kingdom of France |
| Occupation | Soldier |
Jean-Baptiste Raymond de Lacrosse (6 September 1760 – 10 September 1829) was a French Navy officer and colonial administrator who served as the governor of Saint Lucia from 1792 to 1793.
Career
[edit]Lacrosse joined the French Navy in 1779 as a Garde marine. He rose to enseign in 1782, to lieutenant in 1786, and to capitaine de vaisseau in 1792. He was military governor of Saint Lucia in 1792 to 1793.[1]
In 1795, he was sent to Martinique and Guadeloupe to crush revolts. On his return to France, Lacrosse was arrested.
Freed, he was attached to the planned invasion of Ireland in late 1796, commanding the 74-gun Droits de l'Homme. The invasion failed, and on her journey back, the Droits de l'Homme fought the action of 13 January 1797 against two British frigates, the Indefatigable under Sir Edward Pellew and the Amazon. Lacrosse was wounded and his ship was lost when she ran aground.
Despite the loss of his ship, Lacrosse was made contre-amiral. In 1799, he was sent as ambassador to Spain and notably negotiated the forcible return of émigrés to France. He was offered the Ministry of Marine, which he declined.
In 1802, First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte made him general captain of Guadeloupe. On 1 November 1801, Lacrosse was captured by rebels, as he was leading a reconnaissance out of Pointe-à-Pitre. Pelage, the leader of the rebels, brought him aboard a Danish ship. Lacrosse set out for Dominica, where he joined the expedition led by General Antoine Richepanse, and returned with it to Guadeloupe. When Richepanse died, Lacrosse took command and managed to crush the rebellion and to restore slavery.[2]
In Guadeloupe, Lacrosse sent French troops to engage in counterinsurgency operations which resulted in the killing of numerous non-combatants.[citation needed]
Lacrosse sailed back to France aboard the frigate Didon. He did not know that the Peace of Amiens had ended and that hostilities had resumed with the British. Off Brest, he ran into twelve British ships of the line blockading the port. He managed to evade the blockading fleet and captured the corvette Laurier in the process. He reached Spain, left his prize in Santander and returned to France.
Napoleon made him préfet maritime and gave him command of the flotilla intended to ferry troops for an invasion of England. Lacrosse was made commander of the Légion d'Honneur at the founding of the Order. When Admiral Étienne Eustache Bruix died in 1805, Lacrosse succeeded him as commander-in-chief of the French Navy.
Lacrosse retired in 1815 and died in his hometown of Meilhan on 10 September 1829.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Saint Lucia". World Statesmen. Retrieved August 19, 2021.
- ^ Léger, Jacques Nicolas (1907), Haiti: Her History and Her Detractors, New York and Washington: The neale Publishing, p. 126, retrieved 14 July 2012
- "Lacrosse, Jean-Baptiste-Raymond baron de 1765-1829". Worldcat Identies. Retrieved August 24, 2021.
- "Le Contre Amiral le Crosse". Retrieved August 24, 2021.
- Monroux, Pierre (1803). Memoire pour Pierre Monroux, : capitaine de frégate dans la Marine française, et ci-devant chef des mouvemens du port, à la Pointe-à-Pitre, île de la Guadeloupe. Paris.
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