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List of Russian architects

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This is a list of architects of the Russian Federation, Soviet Union, Russian Empire, Tsardom of Russia and Grand Duchy of Moscow, both ethnic Russians and people of other ethnicities. This list also includes those who were born in the  Russian Federation/ Soviet Union/ Russian Empire/Tsardom of Russia/Grand Duchy of Moscow but later emigrated, and those who were born elsewhere but immigrated to the country and/or worked there for a significant period of time.

Attested biographies of architects in Russian history date back to 1475, when Aristotile Fioravanti, a native of Bologna, arrived in Moscow to build the Dormition Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin. Foreign architects had a notable place in Russian and Soviet history, especially in the last quarter of the 18th century (Charles Cameron, Bartolomeo Rastrelli, Carlo Rossi and others) and in the first quarter of the 20th century (Mies van der Roe, Erich Mendelsohn, Ernst May and others). This list includes foreign architects whose primary, and most tangible work materialized on Russian soil (i.e. Cameron, Rastrelli, Rossi) while short-term assignments by visiting architects (Mies van der Roe, Mendelsohn, May) are omitted.

Alphabetical list

[edit]
See also: Category:Russian architects

A

[edit]
Portrait Person Notable works
Aloisio da Milano
(15th–16th cc.)
 Italy
Grand Duchy of Moscow
architect, fortification engineer 		The walls and towers of the Moscow Kremlin along the Neglinnaya River, 1495;
the stone chambers, which today constitute the first three floors of the Terem Palace 1499–1508;
a moat (later dubbed the Alevizov moat in his honor) along the Kremlin wall on the side of the Red Square, 1508–16.
Troitskaya Tower
Terem Palace, 1797 Quarenghi's veduta
Aloisio the New
(15th–16th cc.)
 Italy
Grand Duchy of Moscow
architect 		Some sections of the Bakhchisaray palace, Crimea, before 1504;
Archangel Cathedral, the burial place of Moscow's monarchs 1505–08;
Cathedral of the Metropolitan Peter in Vysokopetrovsky Monastery, Moscow, admittedly the earliest rotunda in Russia 1514–17.
Archangel Cathedral
Cathedral of the Metropolitan Peter, Vysokopetrovsky Monastery

B

[edit]
Portrait Person Notable works
Gavriil Baranovsky
(1860–1920)
 Russian Empire
eclectics and Art Nouveau architect 		Baltic Shipyard workshops (assistant to Ernest Gibert), St. Petersburg, 1880;
Elisseeff Emporium, St. Petersburg, 1900–03;
Buddhist Temple, St. Petersburg, 1909–15.
Elisseeff Emporium, St. Petersburg
Buddhist datsan, St. Petersburg
Petr Baranovsky
(1892–1984)
 Russian Empire
 Soviet Union
architect, preservationist, restorer 		Credited with saving Saint Basil's Cathedral from destruction in the early 1930s, founding and managing the Kolomenskoye and Andrei Rublev museums, and developing modern restoration technologies;
restored Golden Gate in Vladimir;
restored Krutitsy Metochion in Moscow.
Restored Golden Gate, Vladimir
Restored Metropolitan's Chamber in Krutitsy, Moscow
 Vasili Bazhenov
(1737–1799)
 Russian Empire
neoclassical and Gothic Revival architect, graphic artist, architectural theorist and educator 		Moscow's Tsaritsyno Park buildings (first palace, Figurny Bridge, Opera House), 1775–86;
Pashkov House in Moscow (attribution disputed), 1784–86.
Figurny Bridge in Tsaritsyno, Moscow
Pashkov House (Russian National Library), Moscow
Leon Benois (1856–1928)
 Russian Empire
 Soviet Union
(French descent)
eclectical, neoclassical, Neo-Gothic and Russian Revival architect
(son of Nicholas Benois) 		Roman Catholic cathedral of Notre-Dame of Lourdes in St. Petersburg (together with Marian Peretyatkovich), 1903–09;
Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, Warsaw (later demolished), 1894–1912;
The House of Benua in St. Petersburg (together with Albert Benois and Yuly Benois), 1911–14.
Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, Warsaw, (demolished)
The House of Benua, St. Petersburg
Nicholas Benois (1813–1898)
 Russian Empire
(French descent)
Gothic Revival architect
(father of Leon Benois, Alexander Benois and Albert Benois) 		A court architect to Nicholas I of Russia, he oversaw many projects in the imperial residence in Petergof, notably the Principal Imperial Stables, 1847–52;
rebuilt the fountain cascades of Petergof;
designed the number of the first railway stations in Russia, like in Strelna, Tsarskoe Selo, and New Petergof (latter in 1857).
Chess mountain Cascade in Petergof
New Petergof railway station
 Alexander Bernadazzi (1831–1907)
Chişinău City Hall
St. Teodora de la Sihla Church, Chişinău
Karl Blank (1728–1793)
Moscow Orphanage
Church of Trinity in Serebryaniki, Moscow
Ilya Bondarenko (1867–1947)
Exhibition Pavilion of Abrikosov Factories (with Alexander Kaminsky)
Old Believers' Church of Intercession of Theotokos, Moscow
 Joseph Bové (1784–1834)
Triumphal Arch in Moscow
Moscow Manege
 Vincenzo Brenna[1] (1745–1820)
Folly Bip Fortress, Pavlovsk
Saint Michael's Castle, St. Petersburg
 Alexander Brullov (1798–1877)
 Russian Empire
(French descent)
Neoclassical architect and painter
(self-portrait) 		Most of his works were created in St. Petersburg:
Mikhaylovsky Theatre, 1831–33;
Lutheran Church of St. Peter and St. Paul, 1833–38;
Pulkovo Observatory, 1834–39;
the Headquarters of Guard Corps on Palace Square, 1837–43;
Pompei Hall, the Malachite Room and the White Hall in Winter Palace (after 1837).
Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg
Malachite Room of the Winter Palace, St. Petersburg

C

[edit]
Portrait Person Notable works
Charles Cameron[2] (1743–1812)
Cameron's Gallery, Tsarskoye Selo
Pavlovsk Palace
Francesco Camporesi[1] (1747–1831)[3]
Lobanov-Rostovsky House, Moscow
Voskresensky Hospital, Moscow
 Alberto Cavos
(1800–1863)
 Russian Empire
(Italian descent)
neoclassical architect, theatre designer
(the grandfather of Albert Benois, Leon Benois and Alexander Benois) 		Rebuilt the Bolshoi Kamenny Theatre in St. Petersburg, 1826–36 (mostly demolished and replaced by Saint Petersburg Conservatory);
the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow, 1853–56;
completed rebuilding of the Mikhaylovsky Theatre in St. Petersburg, 1859;
the Mariinsky Theatre in St. Petersburg, 1859–60.
Moscow's Bolshoi Theatre in Cavos times
Mariinsky Theatre, St. Petersburg
Serge Chermayeff (1900–1996)
The De La Warr Pavilion (with Erich Mendelsohn)

D

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Portrait Person Notable works
Alexey Dushkin (1904–1977)

E

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Portrait Person Notable works
Mikhail Eisenstein (1867–1921)
Elizabetes Street 10b, Riga
2a at Albert Street, Riga

F

[edit]
Portrait Person Notable works
Yury Felten
(1730–1801)
 Russian Empire
(German descent)
baroque, neoclassical and Gothic Revival architect, engineer 		A court architect to Catherine the Great, he created most of his works in St. Petersburg:
a heavy-lifting machine that moved the enormous Thunder Stone rock, the pedestal of the Bronze Horseman, 1770;
Chesme Church and Palace, 1770–80;
iron-cast grille of the Summer Garden, 1783;
granite embankments of Neva, 1764–84
the Old Hermitage wing of the Winter Palace, 1771–87.
Chesme Church, St. Petersburg
Cast-iron grille of the Summer Garden, St. Petersburg
Aristotile Fioravanti
(1415–1420 – c. 1486)
 Italy
Grand Duchy of Moscow
Renaissance architect and engineer 		Palazzo del Podestà, Bologna, Italy, 1453;
Dormition Cathedral, Moscow, 1475–79.
Palazzo del Podestà, Bologna, Italy
Dormition Cathedral, Moscow
 Ivan Fomin (1872–1936)
Krasnye Vorota (Moscow Metro)
Government of Ukraine, Kyiv

G

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Portrait Person Notable works
Domenico Gilardi (1785–1845)
Old Building of the Moscow State University
Riding Court in Kuzminki Park, Moscow
 Moisei Ginzburg[4] (1892–1946)
Gosstrakh Apartments, Moscow
Ilya Golosov (1883–1945)
Zuev Workers' Club, Moscow
Yauzsky Boulevard 2, Moscow
 Afanasy Grigoriev (1782–1868)
Khrushyov House, now Alexander Pushkin Museum
Lopukhin House, now Leo Tolstoy Museum
 Alexey Gornostaev (1808–1862)
Nikolsky Skit (Church) at the Valaam Monastery
Uspenski Cathedral, Helsinki, Finland
Fyodor Gornostaev (1867–1915)
Krutitsy Metochion (restoration work)
Rogozhskoye Cemetery Belltower
 David Grimm
(1823–1898)
 Russian Empire
neo-Byzantine and Russian Revival style architect 		Grimm designed numerous Eastern Orthodox churches in Western Europe, Jerusalem and Russian Empire :
Church of Maria Magdalene in Jerusalem, 1885–88;
Cathedral of Saint Alexander Nevsky, Tbilisi, 1871–97 (demolished);
Saint Vladimir Cathedral in Chersonesos, Crimea, 1858–97.
Church of Maria Magdalene in Jerusalem
Chersonesus Cathedral of Saint Vladimir, Crimea

H

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Portrait Person Notable works
Viktor Hartmann (1834–1873)
Millennium of Russia, Novgorod (architecture)
Naval section of the Russian pavilion at 1873 Wien World Fair
William Heste (Hastie)[2] (1763–1832)
Police (Green) Bridge, St. Petersburg
An office building at Izhora Plants, St. Petersburg

I

[edit]
Portrait Person Notable works
Boris Iofan
(1891–1976)
 Russian Empire
 Soviet Union
constructivist and Stalin Empire style architect 		House on Embankment, Moscow, 1928–31;
1931–33 winning draft of the Palace of Soviets (never built);
Soviet Pavilions at 1937 World's Fair in Paris and 1939 World's Fair in New York City;
Baumanskaya station of Moscow Metro, 1944.
House on Embankment, Moscow
Illarion Ivanov-Schitz (1865–1937)
Lenkom Theatre Building, Moscow
Furmanny Lane 19, Moscow

K

[edit]
Portrait Person Notable works
Alexander Kaminsky (1829–1897
Tretyakov Drive Arch, Moscow
Transfiguration Cathedral at Nikolo-Ugresh monastery
 Matvey Kazakov (1738–1812)
Kremlin Senate, Moscow
Moscow City Hall
Lev Kekushev (1862–1919)[3]
Mindovsky House (Embassy of New Zealand), Moscow
Ponizovsky House (Embassy of Afghanistan), Moscow
Roman Klein (1858–1924)
Pushkin Museum, Moscow
TsUM Department Store, Moscow
 Alexander Kokorinov (1726–1772)
Imperial Academy of Arts, St. Petersburg (with Vallin de la Mothe)
Fyodor Kon
(fl. 1585–1600)
Tsardom of Russia
fortification engineer and architect
a monument in Smolensk Kremlin on photo 		the walls and towers of Novospassky Monastery in Moscow and several other Russian monasteries;
Bely Gorod fortification ring of Moscow, 1585–93 (in 18th–19th centuries replaced with the Boulevard Ring);
Smolensk Kremlin, the largest one in Russia, 1597–1602.
Semiverhaya (Seven-tops) tower of Moscow's Bely Gorod
Smolensk Kremlin wall in 1912
 Ivan Kuznetsov (1867–1942)
Business Yard at Varvarsky Gates, Moscow
Povarskaya Street 9, Moscow
Andrey Kvasov (1720–1770)[3]
Grand Ball Hall in Catherine Palace, St. Petersburg
Church on Hay Square in St. Petersburg (demolished)

L

[edit]
Portrait Person Notable works
Nikolai Ladovsky[4] (1881–1941)
Nikolay Lanceray (1880–1942)
Nikita Lazarev (1866–1932)
Ivan Leonidov[4] (1902–1959)
El Lissitzky[4] (1890–1941)
Berthold Lubetkin[5] (1901–1990)

M

[edit]
Portrait Person Notable works
Ivan Mashkov (1867–1945)
Georg Johann Mattarnovy
(died 1719)
 Holy Roman Empire
Tsardom of Russia
Baroque architect and sculptor 		The Third Winter Palace, St. Petersburg, 1719–21;
Kunstkamera, St. Petersburg, 1719–27.
The Third Winter Palace, St. Petersburg (demolished)
Kunstkamera, St. Petersburg
Konstantin Melnikov (1890–1974)
Adam Menelaws (between 1748 and 1756–1831)[2]
Miron Merzhanov (1895–1975)
Maximilian Messmacher (1842–1906)
Ivan Michurin (1700–1763)
Ippolit Monighetti (1819–1878)
Auguste de Montferrand[6] (1786–1858)
Arkady Mordvinov (1896–1964)
Muratkhanov in 1964
 Nasreddin Muratkhanov (1904–1970)
Russian Empire / Soviet Union
An ethnic Turk, architect and civil engineer, migrated to Pakistan in 1950 		Minar-i Pakistan (23 March 1960 – 26 July 1967)
Gaddafi Stadium, Lahore
Minar-i Pakistan

N

[edit]
Portrait Person Notable works
Nikolai Nikitin (1907–1973)
 Russian Empire
 Soviet Union
structural designer and construction engineer 		Invented a number of innovative techniques, including the usage of prestressed concrete with wire ropes; works include:
Moscow State University, 240 m, 1949–53;
Warsaw Palace of Culture and Science, 237 m, 1952–55;
Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow, 1955–56;
The Motherland Calls statue on Mamayev Kurgan in Volgograd, 85 m, 1967;
Ostankino Tower, 540 m, 1963–67;
Nikitin-Travush 4000 project (4000 metres, precursor to X-Seed 4000)
Ivan Nikolaev (1901–1979)
Felix Novikov (1927–2022)

O

[edit]
Portrait Person Notable works
Vyacheslav Oltarzhevsky (1880–1966)

P

[edit]
Portrait Person Notable works
Alfred Parland (1842–1919)
(Scottish descent) 		Church of the Resurrection of Christ in St. Petersburg
Church of the Savior on Blood, Saint Petersburg
Holy Resurrection Cathedral (destroyed 1968), Coastal Monastery of St. Sergius
Marian Peretyatkovich (1872–1916)
Petrok Maly
(? – c. 1539)
 Italy
Grand Duchy of Moscow 		Credited as a possible architect of the Ascension Church in Kolomenskoye (an early tented roof church), 1528–32;
Kitai-gorod wall and towers (now mostly dismantled), 1533–38;
Sebezh Kremlin wall (now dismantled), 1539
Ascension Church in Kolomenskoye, Moscow
Remaining part of the Kitai-gorod wall in Zaryadye, Moscow
Alexander Pomerantsev (1849–1918)
Anatoly Polyansky (1928–1993)

Q

[edit]
Portrait Person Notable works
Giacomo Quarenghi[1] (1744–1817)
Smolny Institute, St. Petersburg

R

[edit]
Portrait Person Notable works
Bartolomeo Rastrelli[1] (1700–1771)
Ivan Rerberg (1869–1932)
Antonio Rinaldi[1] (1710–1794)[3]
Ivan Ropet (1845–1908)
Carlo Rossi[1] (1775–1849)
Lev Rudnev
(1885–1956)
 Russian Empire
 Soviet Union
Stalin Empire style architect 		Moscow State University (1949–1953);
Palace of Culture and Science in Warsaw, Poland, (1952–1955);
Latvian Academy of Sciences, Riga, Latvia, (1953–1956).
237 metre Warsaw Palace of Culture, Poland
Marco Ruffo (15th century)

S

[edit]
Portrait Person Notable works
Fyodor Schechtel (1859–1926)
Xavier Schoellkopf (1869–1911)
 Apartment buildings in Paris, e.g. 29 boulevard de Courcelles
Vladimir Shchuko (1878–1939)
Alexey Shchusev (1873–1949)
Vladimir Osipovich Sherwood (1832–1897)
Vladimir Vladimirovich Sherwood (1867–1930)
Vladimir Shukhov[7] (1853–1939)
Pietro Antonio Solari (15th century)
Ivan Starov (1745–1808)
Andrei Stackenschneider (1802–1865)
Vasily Stasov (1769–1848)
Joseph Sunlight (1888–1978)
Pavel Suzor (1844–1919)
 Russian Empire
eclectics and Art Nouveau architect 		Over 80 apartment, baths and corporate buildings in St. Petersburg, including:
Ushakov House, 1882–83;
First Mutual Credit Society House, 1888–90;
Singer House, 1902–04;
Ushakov House, St. Petersburg
Singer House, St. Petersburg

T

[edit]
Portrait Person Notable works
Vladimir Tatlin[4] (1885–1953)
Konstantin Thon (1794–1881)
Domenico Trezzini
(1670–1734)
  Switzerland
Tsardom of Russia
 Russian Empire
(Swiss Italian)
Petrine Baroque architect 		Trezzini was the first chief architect of the newly founded Saint Petersburg; he designed the first general plan of St. Petersburg, as well as plans of Kronstadt (1704) and the Alexander Nevsky Monastery (1717), and supervised a number of major projects:
Peter and Paul Fortress (since 1703), with the Peter and Paul Cathedral inside, 1712–33;
Peter the Great's Summer Palace, 1710–11;
Twelve Collegia Building (now the main building of Saint Petersburg University), 1722–36.
Summer Palace, St. Petersburg
Twelve Collegia Building, St. Petersburg
122 metre Peter and Paul Cathedral, St. Petersburg
Zurab Tsereteli[8] (born 1934)
Yevgraph Tyurin (1793–1873)

U

[edit]
Portrait Person Notable works
Dmitry Ukhtomsky (1719–1774)

V

[edit]
Portrait Person Notable works
Victor Vasnetsov[4] (1848–1926)
Alexander Vesnin (1883–1959)
Leonid Vesnin (1880–1933)
Victor Vesnin (1882–1950)
Aleksandr Vitberg (1787–1855)
Andrey Voronikhin
(1759–1814)
 Russian Empire
neoclassical and Empire style architect and painter 		neoclassical interiors of Stroganov Palace, St. Petersburg, 1793;
Voronikhin colonnades and Lion cascade in Petergof;
Kazan Cathedral, St. Petersburg, 1801–11;
Saint Petersburg Mining Institute, 1806–11.
Kazan Cathedral, St. Petersburg
Saint Petersburg Mining Institute
Mikhail Vrubel[4] (1856–1910)

Y

[edit]
Portrait Person Notable works
Postnik Yakovlev
(16th century)
Grand Duchy of Moscow
Tsardom of Russia
tented-roof architect and fortification engineer 		Saint Basil's Cathedral on Red Square in Moscow, 1555–60;
with Ivan ShirIai designed the walls of the Kazan Kremlin and, according to some sources, the Cathedral of the Assumption in Kazan, 1561–62.
Saint Basil's Cathedral, Moscow
Kazan Kremlin wall
Vasili Yermolin (15th century)

Z

[edit]
Portrait Person Notable works
Andreyan Zakharov (1761–1811)
Alexander Zelenko (1871–1953)
Mikhail Zemtsov
(1688–1743)
Tsardom of Russia
 Russian Empire
Petrine Baroque architect 		participated in designing the Summer Garden in St. Petersburg and the park in Petergof;
completed the design of Catherinethal palace and park in Tallinn 1718–25;
The Church of Simon and Annа, Saint Petersburg, 1734;
Catherinethal palace in Tallinn, Estonia
The Church of Simon and Annа, Saint Petersburg
Nikolay Zherikhov (1870s–1916)[3]
Ivan Zholtovsky (1867–1959)

See also

[edit]

Sources

[edit]

Nachokina, Maria (2005). Arhitektory moskovskogo moderna ("Архитекторы московского модерна") (in Russian). Moscow: Giraffe. ISBN 978-5-89832-043-0.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f Citizens or natives of Italy or its predecessor states.
  2. ^ a b c Citizens or natives of the United Kingdom.
  3. ^ a b c d e Years of birth or death are unknown or disputed, see main article for clarifications.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g Architect known primarily for conceptual projects and graphic design.
  5. ^ Émigré, worked primarily outside of Russia/USSR
  6. ^ Citizens or natives of France
  7. ^ Structural engineer involved in architectural projects.
  8. ^ Sculptor involved in monument building projects.
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