List of military alliances
This is the list of military alliances. A military alliance is a formal agreement between two or more parties concerning national security in which the contracting parties agree to mutually protect and support one another militarily in case of a crisis that has not been identified in advance. Military alliances differ from coalitions, which are formed for a crisis that already exists. Numerous forms of military and defensive alliances have existed between states since early human history. This is a comprehensive list of the most important alliances.
Before AD 1200
[edit]| Legend | |
|---|---|
| Active military alliances | |
| Years | Name | Members |
|---|---|---|
| c. 7th century–338 BC | Latin League | About 30 villages and tribes in the region of Latium |
| c. 6th century–338 BC | Peloponnesian League | Various city-states in the Peloponnese, dominated by Sparta |
| 493 BC | Foedus Cassianum | Roman Republic Latin League |
| 478–404 BC | Delian League | See Members of the Delian League |
| 215 BC | Macedonian–Carthaginian Treaty | Macedonia Carthage |
| 433–554 | Silla-Baekje Alliance | |
| 1123 | Pactum Warmundi | |
| 1167–1250 | Lombard League | Numerous cities in medieval Lombardy, modern Northern Italy |
1200–1899
[edit]1900–1944
[edit]1945–present
[edit]| Indicators | North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) | Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) |
|---|---|---|
| Emblem | ||
| Flag | ||
| System | Collective security [261] | Collective security [262] |
| Formation | 1949 | 2002 |
| Headquarters | Brussels, Belgium | Moscow, Russia |
| Depositary | The United States of America | Russia |
| Membership | 32 states | 6 states |
| Former members | None | |
| Area km2 (sq mi) | 27,552,156 km2 (10,636,645 sq mi) [263] | 20,403,690 km2 (7,875,758 sq mi) [264] |
| Population | 978,514,544 [265] | 194,668,550 [266] |
| GDP (PPP) | $63.842 trillion [267] | $7.686 trillion [268] |
| GDP (nominal) | $52.394 trillion [269] | $2.394 trillion [270] |
| Defence expenditure | 1.474 trillion | 114 billion [271] |
| Military personnel | 8,507,776 | 6,154,650 |
| Nuclear warheads | 5559 | 5580 |
| Military aircraft | 20,333[272] | 4,592[273] |
Proposed alliances
[edit]| Name and description | Countries |
|---|---|
| CANZUK is a proposed alliance between four Commonwealth realms. | |
| Arab–Israeli alliance refers to an unofficial security coalition comprising Israel and various Arab countries. Proposals have been made to make the military partnership official. | |
| Japan–Philippines–United States trilateral alliance is currently being negotiated in response to increased military build-up by China.[274] | |
| France–Japan Reciprocal Access Agreement is currently being negotiated to finalize a formal alliance between Japan and France.[275] | |
| EU-UK Security and Defense Partnership is a proposal, most notably from the Labour Party, to sign a formal alliance between the EU and the UK.[276] | |
| The Saudi-US Security Pact is a long proposed official deal to deepen security relations, gaining momentum under the Biden administration.[277] | |
| Germany–Philippines Defense Cooperation Agreement is currently being negotiated to increase military training and weapons procurement, slated to be signed and finalized this year.[278][279] |
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ See also Anglo-Portuguese Alliance
- ^ Austro-Russian alliance broke off on 1853.
- ^ See also Lancaster House Treaties
- ^ Effectively ended in 1943
- ^ (Two days only)
- ^ United Nations Charter, Chapter VII, Article 42: Should the Security Council consider that measures provided for in Article 41 would be inadequate or have proved to be inadequate, it may take such action by air, sea, or land forces as may be necessary to maintain or restore international peace and security. Such action may include demonstrations, blockade, and other operations by air, sea, or land forces of Members of the United Nations.
- ^ See also List of Chapter VII interventions
- ^ Bolivia denounced treaty in 2012
- ^ suspended participation in 1962
- ^ Ecuador denounced treaty in 2014
- ^ Mexico denounced treaty in 2002
- ^ Nicaragua denounced treaty in 2012
- ^ Uruguay denounced the treaty in 2019. However, the denunciation was withdrawn in 2020.
- ^ Venezuela denounced the treaty in 2013. However, the denunciation was disputed during the Venezuelan presidential crisis. As of July 2019, reincorporation was approved by the National Assembly and ratified by the OAS.
- ^ See also Treaty of Brussels
- ^ In 1990, the territory of the former German Democratic Republic acceded to the Federal Republic of Germany to form present-day Germany, automatically becoming part of the NATO.
- ^ Zone A of the Free Territory of Trieste was annexed by Italy on 5 October 1954, automatically becoming part of the NATO.
- ^ In 1990, the territory of the former German Democratic Republic acceded to the Federal Republic of Germany to form present-day Germany.
- ^ partially suspended
- ^ (In 1990, the territory of the former German Democratic Republic acceded to the Federal Republic of Germany to form present-day Germany, automatically becoming part of the EU.)
- ^ Treaty in-force with United States
- ^ Treaty in-force with Thailand
- ^ Joined as West Germany until 1990
- ^ De-satellized in the early 1960s
- ^ Military wing of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)
- ^ Agreement applies only between the United States and Allied States
- ^ Taiwan is treated as an MNNA without formal designation
- ^ suspended participation in 2022
- ^ suspended participation in 2014
- ^ See also Weimar Battlegroup
- ^ See also Visegrád Battlegroup
- ^ In 2007, GUAM established a military peacekeeping force and organized joint military exercises
- ^ suspended participation in 2015
- ^ Article 9 of the treaty can be seen as an implicit defense pact similar to NATO's Article 5. Article 9 states "When a situation arises in which one of the contracting parties deems that peace is being threatened and undermined or its security interests are involved or when it is confronted with the threat of aggression, the contracting parties shall immediately hold contacts and consultations in order to eliminate such threats."
- ^ suspended participation in 2024
- ^ See also European Union-NATO relations
- ^ See also Common Security and Defence Policy
- ^ See also Bulgarian–American Joint Military Facilities
- ^ See also Shusha Declaration
- ^ See also Transnistria War, Transnistria and Russian military presence in Transnistria
- ^ Agreement applies only between Moldova and Allied States
- ^ Agreement applies only between NATO and Allied States
- ^ See also Russia–Africa Summit
- ^ Agreement applies only between Russia and Allied States
- ^ Agreement applies only between the United States and Allied States
- ^ See also British Army Training and Support Unit Belize
- ^ Agreement applies only between NATO and Allied States
- ^ Agreement applies only between Japan and Allied States
- ^ See also Ukraine's Bilateral Security Agreements and U-24
- ^ Agreement applies only between Ukraine and Allied States
- ^ Agreement applies only between the European Union and Allied States
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