Nizhny Tagil
Nizhny Tagil
Нижний Тагил | |
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Flag Coat of arms | |
Location of Nizhny Tagil  | |
Nizhny Tagil Location of Nizhny Tagil Nizhny Tagil Nizhny Tagil (Sverdlovsk Oblast) | |
| Coordinates: 57°55′N 59°58′E / 57.917°N 59.967°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Sverdlovsk Oblast[1] |
| Founded | 1722 |
| City status since | 1919 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Vladislav Pinaev |
| Elevation | 200 m (700 ft) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 361,811 |
| • Rank | 48th in 2010 |
| • Subordinated to | City of Nizhny Tagil[3] |
| • Capital of | Prigorodny District,[1] City of Nizhny Tagil |
| • Urban okrug | Nizhny Tagil Urban Okrug[4] |
| • Capital of | Nizhny Tagil Urban Okrug |
| Time zone | UTC+5 (MSK+2 |
| Postal code(s)[6] | 622002 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 3435 |
| OKTMO ID | 65751000001 |
| Website | ntagil |
Nizhny Tagil (Russian: Нижний Тагил, IPA: [ˈnʲiʐnʲɪj tɐˈgʲil]) is a city in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, located 25 kilometers (16 mi) east of the boundary between Asia and Europe. Population: 338,966 (2021 Census);[7] 361,811 (2010 Census);[2] 390,498 (2002 Census);[8] 439,521 (1989 Soviet census).[9]
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1897 | 30,000 | — |
| 1926 | 39,000 | +30.0% |
| 1939 | 160,000 | +310.3% |
| 1959 | 338,501 | +111.6% |
| 1970 | 378,410 | +11.8% |
| 1979 | 398,146 | +5.2% |
| 1989 | 439,521 | +10.4% |
| 2002 | 390,498 | −11.2% |
| 2010 | 361,811 | −7.3% |
| 2021 | 338,966 | −6.3% |
| Source: Census data | ||
History
[edit]The history of Nizhny Tagil dates back to the mid-16th century, when the Stroganovs received the right to possess land by the Kama and Chusovaya basins. In 1579 they founded the first settlement, the Utkin sloboda, by the river Utka, the mouth of Chusoya. Fateyevo, the first Russian village in the Tagil region, was founded in 1665.[10]
In 1696, by the order of Tsar Peter the Great, the Vysokogorsky iron ore quarry was opened. Voevode Dmitry Protasyev was elected to search for iron and magnetic ores.[10] The deposits were particularly rich, and included lodes of pure magnetic iron. The surrounding landscape provided everything needed for a successful and productive mining and smelting operation — rivers for transport, forests for fuel, and suitable climate. Several years later, the Tsar introduced in Russia a special administration on mining.[10]
Over the following decades, the city developed as one of the early centers of Russian industrialization, and it has been a major producer of cast iron and steel. The town of Nizhny Tagil, home of the factory Uralvagonzavod, is also known for its production of Soviet tanks, including the famous T-34; nearly every other T-34 was manufactured in Nizhny Tagil.[11]
The first Russian steam locomotive was constructed there in 1833, and the father-and-son engineers who developed it, Yefim and Miron Cherepanov (Черепанов), were in 1956 commemorated by an 8-meter (26 ft) bronze statue (executed by sculptor A. S. Kondratyev and architect A. V. Sotnikov) which stands in the center of the Theatrical Square in the heart of downtown.
According to some sources, the copper for the skin of the Statue of Liberty was mined and refined in Nizhny Tagil.[12] However, research by Bell Laboratories in New Jersey, USA, suggests that the Visnes mine in Norway is the most likely source.[13]
Geography
[edit]Rivers and ponds take up one third of the city's territory. Nizhny Tagil spans 22 kilometers (14 mi) from north to south and 21 kilometers (13 mi) from east to west. The altitude of the city varies from 170 to 380 meters (560 to 1,250 ft).
The city is built around the extinct volcano Lis'ya Mountain. This mountain with a watchtower on its top is a symbol of the city. Another hill, Medved-Kamen, is located in the northern part of the city at an altitude of 288 meters (945 ft).
Neighboring cities include Yekaterinburg 130 kilometers (81 mi) to the south, Serov and Priobye in the north, Perm in the west, and Alapayevsk and Verkhnyaya Salda in the east.[citation needed]
Climate
[edit]The city features a subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification: Dfc) with mildly warm summers and very long and cold winters. Precipitation is mostly concentrated between late spring and early fall, peaking in the months of July and August. A freeze has been recorded for every month of the year.
| Climate data for Nizhny Tagil (1949–2011) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 11.1 (52.0) |
11.1 (52.0) |
30.2 (86.4) |
30.0 (86.0) |
33.9 (93.0) |
33.9 (93.0) |
34.6 (94.3) |
37.2 (99.0) |
29.4 (84.9) |
22.6 (72.7) |
12.3 (54.1) |
4.9 (40.8) |
37.2 (99.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −11.5 (11.3) |
−9.6 (14.7) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
8.1 (46.6) |
15.5 (59.9) |
20.8 (69.4) |
22.7 (72.9) |
19.4 (66.9) |
13.2 (55.8) |
4.6 (40.3) |
−4.6 (23.7) |
−9.7 (14.5) |
5.7 (42.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −14.7 (5.5) |
−13.7 (7.3) |
−5.2 (22.6) |
3.0 (37.4) |
9.7 (49.5) |
15.1 (59.2) |
17.2 (63.0) |
14.2 (57.6) |
8.6 (47.5) |
1.4 (34.5) |
−7.2 (19.0) |
−12.4 (9.7) |
1.3 (34.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −19.0 (−2.2) |
−18.7 (−1.7) |
−10.8 (12.6) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
2.8 (37.0) |
8.1 (46.6) |
10.8 (51.4) |
8.6 (47.5) |
3.7 (38.7) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
−10.7 (12.7) |
−16.3 (2.7) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −45.0 (−49.0) |
−42.0 (−43.6) |
−36.1 (−33.0) |
−27.2 (−17.0) |
−12.8 (9.0) |
−5.0 (23.0) |
0.0 (32.0) |
−2.6 (27.3) |
−7.8 (18.0) |
−27.0 (−16.6) |
−38.9 (−38.0) |
−46.0 (−50.8) |
−46.0 (−50.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 32.5 (1.28) |
27.6 (1.09) |
24.0 (0.94) |
32.9 (1.30) |
54.7 (2.15) |
55.6 (2.19) |
95.9 (3.78) |
78.5 (3.09) |
57.4 (2.26) |
37.3 (1.47) |
27.7 (1.09) |
25.4 (1.00) |
549.5 (21.63) |
| Average precipitation days | 18.2 | 14.5 | 16.7 | 11.9 | 13.3 | 13.6 | 9.1 | 12.6 | 13.2 | 17.4 | 20.6 | 17.8 | 178.9 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 77.0 | 72.9 | 70.2 | 63.9 | 63.3 | 71.3 | 72.6 | 78.2 | 79.4 | 78.5 | 79.3 | 78.5 | 73.8 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 49.6 | 89.6 | 124.0 | 201.0 | 235.6 | 243.0 | 282.1 | 201.5 | 132.0 | 71.3 | 33.0 | 34.1 | 1,696.8 |
| Source: Climatebase[14] | |||||||||||||
Administrative and municipal structure
[edit]Within the framework of the administrative divisions, Nizhny Tagil serves as the administrative center of Prigorodny District,[1] even though it is not a part of it.[3] As an administrative division, it is, together with twenty-three rural localities, incorporated separately as the City of Nizhny Tagil[3]—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[15] As a municipal division, the City of Nizhny Tagil is incorporated as Nizhny Tagil Urban Okrug.[4]
The city is divided into three city districts: Leninsky, encompassing the city center and Nizhnetagilsky Pond; Tagilstroyevsky, a comparatively small section at the north part of town; and Dzerzhinsky, a sizable section to the east of the city center principally consisting of apartment buildings and other residences.[citation needed]
The city is governed by four local authorities:
- The Nizhny Tagil City Duma (city council)
- The Mayor of Nizhny Tagil
- The Administration of Nizhny Tagil
- The Audit Chamber of Nizhny Tagil
The city's government structure was defined in the charter of a municipal unit, which was passed on 24 November 2005.[16] The city's highest official is the mayor elected by the population of Nizhny Tagil for a term of 5 years in office. The executive is foremost the Administration of Nizhny Tagil, the head of which is the mayor. The legislature agency is the City Duma (city council), composed of 28 deputies, which are chosen via MPP for a term of 5 years in office.[17]
Government
[edit]Former mayors:
- Nikolay Didenko 2006-?
- Valentina Isayeva 2008-?
- Sergey Nosov 2012-?
Economy
[edit]In 2015, a large portion of the land within the bounds of the city is dominated by the facilities of the factories located in this industrial city.[18]
Nizhny Tagil is an industrial center of the Middle Urals. Highly power-intensive industries such as ferrous metallurgy, engineering, chemistry, and metal working are well-developed in the city. A total of 606 manufacturing companies operate in Nizhny Tagil.[citation needed]
Nizhny Tagil Iron and Steel Plant (Nizhnetagilsky Metallurgichesky Kombinat, NTMK) is a leading Russian steel company.[citation needed]
Uralvagonzavod (UVZ) is the main producer of modern tanks on the territory of the former Soviet Union and Russia. It is the largest main battle tank manufacturer in the world. The T-72, T-90, and T-14 are produced in the city.[18] As of 2016 an economic slowdown in Russia had resulted in diminished demand for civilian products such as train cars, but strong demand continued for tanks.[19]
There are resources to manufacture medical tools for traumatology at the Nizhny Tagil medical tools plant.[citation needed]
Expo-Center
[edit]Nizhny Tagil is one of centers of exhibition activity in the Middle Urals. Nizhny Tagil Institute of Metals Testing was the host of the international exhibitions such as Ural Expo Arms / Russian Expo Arms, Russian Defense Expo (2001 and 2002).
Military
[edit]The 42nd Rocket Division of Strategic Rocket Forces is based in Nizhny Tagil,[20][21] equipped with 36 Topol nuclear missiles.[citation needed]
Culture
[edit]The House of Demidov's initiatives in the area of culture helped to develop the Tagil community into the Urals' most important cultural center. In the 19th century, a library and the museum of natural history and antiquity were opened.[22]
The city has a network of approximately 24 libraries[23] servicing 75,000 readers every year.[citation needed]
Tagil museums include the old regional history museum, the museum of Fine Arts, and a number of new museums opened in the 1990s: the museum of tray painting art, the museum of lifestyle and handicrafts representing the starting point of a new ethnographic complex.[citation needed]
The Demidov Park, a new cultural and historical project, is planned to be built in the city. However, due to European sanctions against Russia, its foundation has been postponed.[24]
Nizhny Tagil has been chosen to host international Urals' Industrial Heritage conferences and workshops. In 2003, during the 12th International Committee for the Conservation of the Industrial Heritage, a charter was signed for the conservation of Russian industrial heritage.[25]
City theatrical life is represented by four theaters: the National D. N. Mamin-Sibiryak Academic Drama Theater, a puppet theater, a youth theater, and the actor department of Nizhny Tagil College of Arts, which has been training actors and actresses.
Education
[edit]The oldest university is Nizhny Tagil State Socio-Educational Academy. The state educational academy operates 4 institutes, 13 faculties and 29 departments. There is post-graduate work in three fields: general education, the history of pedagogy and education, Russian history, the Russian language.[citation needed][clarification needed] In art and graphics department 2008 year launched five workshops in which students engage in decorative art. The academy has four modern sports halls. In summer, a wall is erected for climbing. There is a gymnasium and fitness room.[citation needed]
The Nizhny Tagil Technological Institute[26] is located south-east of the city center.[citation needed]
Sports
[edit]The city formerly had an association football team, FC Uralets Nizhny Tagil, which played in the Russian Second Division and was dissolved in 2006.[citation needed]
The city ice hockey team is Sputnik Nizhny Tagil, which played in the Russian Major League. [citation needed]
The bandy club Metallurg Nizhny Tagil plays in the 2nd highest division.[27]
Nizhny Tagil is a host of several competitions in ski jumping World Cup.
Public health
[edit]Medical care is provided in 29 medical care centers that employ 1,100 doctors and 4,500 assistants. Annually, up to 100,000 people are hospitalized, 28,000 surgeries are performed, and up to four million appointments are registered in the city medical care centers.[citation needed]
There is a Yekaterinburg branch of eye microsurgery in Nizhny Tagil.[citation needed] There is obstetrical care.[citation needed] There is a network of municipal and private pharmacies. [citation needed]
In 2015, pollution from factories was 600,000 short tons (540,000 t) annually. Respiratory rate of infection in children was 50% higher than the rest of the country. The city had the highest rate of stomach and lung cancer in the country.[18][28]
Transport
[edit]Rail lines and highways connect the city to the rest of the country.[citation needed][clarification needed]
Near the city there is a Salka Aerodrome, located 17 kilometers (11 mi) northeast of the city. It was a military base until 1994. Then it became a civil airfield with main activities in Russian experimental aviation.[citation needed]
People
[edit]Nizhny Tagil has been connected to the following personalities:
- Andrej Aliaksandraŭ (born 1978), Belarusian journalist, activist and political prisoner[29]
- Valeri Brainin, poet, musicologist, President (from 2004 to 2014) of the Russian branch of the International Society for Music Education - a member of UNESCO[citation needed]
- Yefim Cherepanov, inventor and industrial engineer, constructor of the first Russian locomotive[citation needed]
- Miron Cherepanov (son of Yefim Cherepanov), inventor and industrial engineer, constructor of the first Russian locomotive[citation needed]
- Pavel Gayev, Soviet military intelligence officer, guards colonel[30][31]
- Dmitry Larionov, slalom canoe champion[citation needed]
- Felix Lembersky, painter[citation needed]
- Vladislav Lomko, racing driver
- Konstantin Novoselov, 2010 Nobel Prize winner for his research on Graphene[citation needed]
- Bar Paly, Russian-Israeli model and actress[citation needed]
- Igor Radulov, hockey player, winger currently playing for Салават Юлаев (Salavat Yulaev Ufa) of the KHL[citation needed]
- Alexander Radulov, hockey player, winger currently playing for the Dallas Stars, formerly with Салават Юлаев (Salavat Yulaev Ufa) of the KHL (brother with Igor)[citation needed]
- Boris Rauschenbach, physicist and rocket engineer[citation needed]
- Sergei Shepelev, former Soviet national ice hockey team member[citation needed]
- Nikita Soshnikov, hockey player, winger currently playing for the St. Louis Blues organization; previously with the Toronto Maple Leafs of the NHL,[32] formerly with the Toronto Marlies of the AHL and Moscow Oblast Atlant of the KHL[33]
- Victor Starffin, baseball player[citation needed]
- Aron Zinshtein, painter[citation needed]
- Maya Khromykh, figure skater
Twin towns – sister cities
[edit]Nizhny Tagil is twinned with:[34][35]
Brest, Belarus
Chattanooga, United States
Františkovy Lázně, Czech Republic
Novokuznetsk, Russia
Yevpatoria, Ukraine (with the local de-facto Russian administration)
Former twin towns:
In 2022 the Czech cities of Cheb and Mariánské Lázně severed its ties with Nizhny Tagil in response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.[36][37]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 65 232», в ред. изменения №278/2015 от 1 января 2016 г.. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division (OKATO). Code 65 232, as amended by the Amendment #278/2015 of January 1, 2016. ).
- ^ a b Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ a b c Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 65 476», в ред. изменения №278/2015 от 1 января 2016 г.. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division (OKATO). Code 65 476, as amended by the Amendment #278/2015 of January 1, 2016. ).
- ^ a b Law #85-OZ
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
- ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service. Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 года. Том 1 [2020 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1] (XLS) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
- ^ a b c Нижний Тагил. 1964. Из летописи Нижнего Тагила
- ^ Каждый третий танк Т-34 сделан в Нижнем Тагиле
- ^ "Statue of Liberty Made of Russian Copper?".
- ^ "Statue of Liberty Copper".
- ^ "Nizhnyj Tagil Climate Normals" (in Russian). Climatebase. Retrieved April 6, 2016.
- ^ Law #30-OZ
- ^ Главы МО. Город Нижний Тагил
- ^ О городской Думе
- ^ a b c Louka, Alexandros Katsis and Maria. "Pollution, Prisons, Sickness, and Raves: Inside Russia's 'City of the Colorful Sky'". vice.com. Retrieved January 30, 2019.
- ^ Andrew E. Kramer (February 25, 2016). "Stirrings of Labor Unrest Awaken as Russia's Economic Chill Sets In". The New York Times. Retrieved February 25, 2016.
While workers on the train-car side of the factory have been put on two-thirds pay — about $260 a month — the tank assembly lines are still rolling full speed, and workers are paid in full.
- ^ Kristensen, Hans M.; Korda, Matt (2021). "Russian nuclear weapons, 2021". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. 77 (2): 90–108. doi:10.1080/00963402.2021.1885869. ISSN 0096-3402.
SS-27 Mod 2 upgrades now appear to be complete at the 39th Guards Missile Division at Novosibirsk, the 42nd Missile Division at Nizhny Tagil, the 14th Missile Division at Yoshkar-Ola, and the 29th Guards Missile Division at Irkutsk.
- ^ Holm, Michael. "42nd Missile Division". www.ww2.dk. Retrieved October 5, 2016.
- ^ Династия Демидовых. http://historyntagil.ru/books/11_12_26.htm
- ^ Библиотеки Нижнего Тагила
- ^ Европейские санкции тормозят создание в Нижнем Тагиле «Демидов-парка»
- ^ "Индустриальное наследие, как потенциал развития старопромышленных территорий".
- ^ Нижнетагильский Технологический Институт
- ^ "Rusbandy". Archived from the original on October 11, 2007. Retrieved October 31, 2009.
- ^ Judah, Ben (April 15, 2013). Fragile Empire: How Russia Fell In and Out of Love with Vladimir Putin. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300185256. Retrieved January 30, 2019 – via Google Books.
- ^ "Belarus: We call for the immediate and unconditional release of journalist Andrei Aliaksandrau". Retrieved May 20, 2022.
- ^ Алексеев, Михаил; Колпакиди, Александр; Кочик, Валерий (2012). Энциклопедия военной разведки, 1918-1945 гг [Encyclopaedia of Military Intelligence, 1918-1945] (in Russian). Москва: Кучково поле : Ассоциация "Военная книга". p. 210. ISBN 978-5-9950-0219-2.
- ^ Лурье, Вячеслав; Кочик, Валерий (2002). ГРУ: дела и люди [GRU: Business and People] (in Russian). Москва: ОЛМА-ПРЕСС. p. 144. ISBN 9785765414996.
- ^ "Nikita Soshnikov Stats and News". NHL.com. Retrieved October 31, 2017.
- ^ "Nikita Soshnikov hockey statistics and profile at hockeydb.com". www.hockeydb.com. Retrieved October 31, 2017.
- ^ "Чешский город разорвал отношения с Нижним Тагилом". ura.news. Retrieved March 5, 2022.
- ^ "Города-побратимы". ntagil.org (in Russian). Nizhny Tagil. Retrieved February 2, 2020.
- ^ "Cheb vypoví spolupráci s ruským Nižním Tagilem a přijme Ukrajince" (in Czech). Retrieved June 9, 2022.
- ^ "PŘERUŠENÍ VZTAHŮ S PARTNERSKÝM MĚSTEM" (in Czech). Archived from the original on June 9, 2022. Retrieved June 9, 2022.
External links
[edit]- Official website of Nizhny Tagil (in Russian)
- Information and entertainment portal of Nizhny Tagil Archived December 1, 2020, at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
- Official website of Evraz Group, owner of Nizhnetagilsky Metallurgichesky Kombinat (NTMK) (in English)
- Official website of Russian Defense Expo-2005 (in Russian)
- Recreation and entertainment in Nizhny Tagil (in Russian)
- Portal of Nizhny Tagil (in Russian)
- Photos of Nizhny Tagil Archived October 6, 2022, at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
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