Ulmus 'Densa'
| Ulmus 'Densa' | |
|---|---|
'Densa' | |
| Genus | Ulmus |
| Cultivar | 'Densa' |
| Origin | C. Asia |
The elm cultivar Ulmus Densa was described from specimens growing near Ashkabad as U. densa Litv. in Schedae ad Herbarium Florae Rossicae (1908).[1] Litvinov, reporting it growing wild in the mountains of Turkestan, Ferghana, and Aksu, as well as in cultivation, considered it a species, a view upheld by the Soviet publications Trees and Shrubs in the USSR (1951)[2] and Flora of Armenia (1962),[3] and by some current plant lists.[4][5][note 1] Other authorities take it to be a form of U minor, distinctive only in its dense crown and upright branching.[6][7][8] The Moscow State University herbarium gives (2020) Ulmus minor as the "accepted name" of U. densa Litv..[9][10]
Litvinov considered U. minor 'Umbraculifera', with its "denser crown and more rounded form", a cultivar of U. densa,[6] calling it U. densa var. bubyriana. Rehder (1949) and Green (1964), ignoring reports of the wild form, considered U. densa a synonym of 'Umbraculifera'.[11][12] The U. densa photographed by Meyer in Aksu, Chinese Turkestan on his 1911-12 expedition does not appear to be the tidy grafted cultivar 'Umbraculifera' and was said to be named 'Seda'.[13][14] Zielińksi in Flora Iranica (1979) considered 'Umbraculifera' an U. minor cultivar.[15]
In its natural range U. densa overlaps with U. pumila. The extent of hybridization between the two is not known.
Description
[edit]Litvinov noted that the tree "differed little from U. glabra Mill." [:U. minor][16] except in its erect branches and dense oblong crown.[17] The leaves were "generally smaller" [18] and the branches "smooth and lighter in colour". As with the hybrid U. × androssowii, its compact branch structure helps the tree conserve moisture.[19]
Pests and diseases
[edit]Not known.
Cultivation
[edit]Litvinov said that U. densa was "widely cultivated" in gardens in Turkestan. It is one of a number of elms known locally as 'karagach' or 'karagatch' [:'black tree' = elm].[20][21][22] In western Europe U. densa Litv. was distributed by Hesse's Nurseries, Weener, Germany, in the 1930s.[23]
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Dense-branched elm, upright form, Turkestan, c.1900
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Dense-branched elm, spreading form, Turkestan, c.1900
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Dense-branched elm (left), Turkestan, c.1912
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Ulmus densa in Urumqi Botanical Garden, Xinjiang, China (2021)
Notable trees
[edit]A large, well-grown specimen stands in Dushanbe Botanic Gardens, Tajikistan (2019).[24][25]
Cultivars
[edit]These include one of the oldest of elm cultivars, 'Umbraculifera', and a number of elms introduced to the West by the Späth nursery of Berlin.
Meyer (1912) identified three cultivars of U. densa: 'Stamboul', 'Kitaisky' and 'Seda'.[26][14]
Hybrid cultivars
[edit]The tree, or its cultivar form 'Umbraculifera', has hybridised with U. pumila to produce U. × androssowii.
Accessions
[edit]None known.
Notes
[edit]- ^ Ulmus densa was one of two elm "species" determined by Litvinov; the second, his Ulmus celtidea, has not been accepted by other authorities (Journal of the Arnold Arboretum, vol.19, 1938; p.264).
References
[edit]- ^ Schedae ad Herbarium Florae Rossicae, VI. 163-165 (1908)
- ^ Sokolov, S. Ya (1951). Деревья и кустарники СССР [Trees & Shrubs in the USSR] (in Russian). Vol. 2. Moscow. pp. 504–505.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Takhtajan, Armen Leonovich (1962). Флора Армении [Flora of Armenia] (in Russian). Vol. 4. Yerevan. pp. 341–342.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ The Plant List: Ulmus densa Litv., accessdate: December 14, 2016
- ^ Tropicos: Name - Ulmus densa Litv., accessdate: December 14, 2016
- ^ a b Elwes, Henry John; Henry, Augustine (1913). The Trees of Great Britain & Ireland. Vol. 7. p. 1893.
- ^ De Langhe, Jan (7 April 2016). Vegetative key to species European cultivation (Ulmaceae) (PDF). Ghent: Ghent University Botanical Garden. p. 5. Retrieved 18 December 2016.
- ^ Plantarium: Ulmus densa - Галерея субтаксонов - Плантариум (in Russian), accessdate: December 18, 2016
- ^ Moscow State University herbarium, Specimen MW0591858, plant.depo.msu.ru
- ^ Moscow State University herbarium, Specimen MW0591857, plant.depo.msu.ru
- ^ Alfred Rehder (1949). "Bibliography of cultivated trees and shrubs hardy in the cooler temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere". Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University. p. 142.
- ^ Green, Peter Shaw (1964). "Registration of cultivar names in Ulmus". Arnoldia. 24 (6–8). Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University: 41–80. Retrieved 16 February 2017.
- ^ Meyer's photograph (5675) of Ulmus densa Turkestan. Aksu, Turkestan. February 1911
- ^ a b Meyer's photograph (5676) of Ulmus densa Turkestan. Aksu, Turkestan. February 1911
- ^ J. Zielińksi, 'Ulmaceae', Flora Iranica, ed. K. H. Rechinger (Graz, 1979)
- ^ Specimen MW0591858 "Moscow State University herbarium" Sheet labelled "type specimen", U. densa; samarae and new leaves (1896)
- ^ Photograph captioned U. densa, uses.plantnet-project.org
- ^ "Specimen - P06881058". Collection: Vascular plants (P). Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris (France). Sheet labelled Ulmus densa Litv.; USSR, 1955; "Herbarium specimen - E00405655". Herbarium Catalogue. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. Sheet labelled Ulmus densa Litv.; specimen from Kazvin, Iran (1948); "Herbarium specimen - E00405656". Herbarium Catalogue. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. Sheet labelled Ulmus densa Litv.; specimen from Iraq (1957); "Herbarium specimen - E00034376". Herbarium Catalogue. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. Sheet labelled Ulmus densa Litv.; samara specimen from Isfahan, Iran (1948); "Specimen - P05538970". Collection: Vascular plants (P). Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris (France). (top left-hand specimen) Field elm leaves from Kurrum valley, Afghanistan (1879)
- ^ World Digital Library: Elm Trees. Samarkand, accessdate: December 18, 2016
- ^ Rickmers, W. Rickmer, The Duab of Turkestan, a physiographic sketch and account of some travels (Cambridge, 1913), p.172
- ^ Lansdell, Henry, Through Central Asia (London, 1887), p.464
- ^ Voeikov, Aleksandr Ivanovich, Le Turkestan Russe (Paris, 1914), p.68
- ^ Hesse, Hermann Albert (1932). Preis- und Sortenliste. pp. 96–97. Retrieved 18 January 2018.
- ^ U. minor / Ulmus densa Litv. www.plantarium.ru
- ^ Google Maps: Dushanbe Botanic Gardens - Google Maps (May 2019), accessdate: August 21, 2019
- ^ Meyer, F. N. (1912). Seeds and plants imported during the period from January 1 to March 31, 1912: Inventory No.30, Nos 32829–32831. Bureau of Plant Industry - Bulletin No. 282. Washington, Government Printing Office, 1913.