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Henry I
Duc de Guise
Born31 December 1550
Died23 December 1588 (aged 37)
Château de Blois, Blois, France
Noble familyGuise

Three Henries

[edit]
"War of the Three Henries" redirects here. For the tenth-century war, see War of the Three Henries (977-978).
War of the Three Henrys
Part of French Wars of Religion

Henry of Navarre (left), Henry III of France (center), Henry of Guise, (right)
Date1587–1589
Location
France
Result Henry of Navarre outlives the other Henrys, and becomes the King of France
Belligerents
Protestants:
Huguenots
 England		 Kingdom of France Politiques Catholics:
Catholic League
Spain Spain
 Duchy of Savoy
Commanders and leaders
Henry of Navarre Henry III of France †
Anne, Duke of Joyeuse†
Jean, Duke of Épernon		 Henry I, Duke of Guise †
Charles, Duke of Mayenne

The War of the Three Henrys (1587[1]–1589) was the eighth and final conflict in the series of civil wars in France known as the Wars of Religion. It was a three-way war fought between:

The war was instigated by Philip of Spain to keep his enemy, France, from interfering with the Spanish army in the Netherlands and his planned invasion of England.

The war began when the Catholic League convinced King Henry III to issue an edict outlawing Protestantism and annulling Henry of Navarre's right to the throne; Henry III was possibly influenced by the royal favorite, Anne de Joyeuse.

For the first part of the war, the royalists and the Catholic League were uneasy allies against their common enemy, the Huguenots. Henry sent Joyeuse into the field against Navarre, while he himself intended to meet the approaching German and Swiss armies. At the Battle of Coutras, Navarre defeated the royal army led by Joyeuse; the duke himself was slain at the battle. It was the first victory won by the Huguenots in the battlefield. For his part, Henry III successfully prevented the junction of the German and Swiss armies. The Swiss were his allies, and had come to invade France to free him from subjection; but Henry III insisted that their invasion was not in his favor, but against him, forcing them to return home. The Germans, led by Fabien I, Burgrave of Dohna, wanted to fight against the Duke of Guise, in order to win a victory like Coutras. He recruited some of the retreating Swiss, who had no scruple fighting against Guise. But at the Battle of Vimory, Guise took the Germans by surprise, and routed them.[2]

In Paris, the glory of repelling the German and Swiss Protestants all fell to the Duke of Guise. The king's actions were viewed with contempt. They thought that the king had invited the Swiss to invade, paid them for coming, and sent them back again. The king, who had really performed the decisive part in the campaign, and expected to be honored for it, was astounded that public voice should thus declare against him. The Catholic League had put its preachers to good use. In the meantime, the governments of Normandy and Picardy were vacated by the deaths of Joyeuse and Condé. Guise demanded Normandy for himself, and Picardy for his kinsman Aumale. The king denied both requests. The Catholic League was mobilized to resist the royal appointees in these provinces. Guise was forbidden from entering the capital. Guise ignored the prohibition and entered Paris.[3] In the normal course of affairs this would have cost him his life, but the duke was popular with the masses. Further, after the Day of the Barricades, an uprising planned in part by the Spanish diplomat Bernardino de Mendoza, the king decided to flee to Blois.

After the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588, the king called the Estates-General in the midst of intrigue and plotting. Henry of Guise planned to assassinate the king and seize the throne, but the king struck first by having Guise killed by his guards, The Forty-Five.[4]

Open war erupted between the royalists and the Catholic League. Charles, Duke of Mayenne, Guise's younger brother, took over the leadership of the League. At the moment it seemed that he could not possibly resist his enemies. His power was effectively limited to Blois, Tours, and the surrounding districts. In these dark times the King of France finally reached out to his cousin and heir, the King of Navarre. Henry III declared that he would no longer allow Protestants to be called heretics, while the Protestants revived the strict principles of royalty and divine right. As on the other side ultra-Catholic and anti-royalist doctrines were closely associated, so on the side of the two kings the principles of tolerance and royalism were united. Henry III sought the aid of the Swiss, who were ready to join his cause. The Catholic royalists revived in their allegiance. At Pontoise the king saw himself at the head of 40,000 men. His newly recovered power may have inspired him with great designs; he planned to take Paris, in order to end the League's power once and for all.[5] The surrender of Paris seemed likely, even to the inhabitants. The preachers of the League sanctioned regicide, to avenge the murder of Guise. Jacques Clément, a fanatical Catholic monk, assassinated King Henry III at Saint-Cloud in August 1589.

With Henry III's death, the coalition broke up. Many Catholic royalists were unwilling to serve the Protestant Henry IV, and the army retreated from Paris.

Family Tree

[edit]
See also: Emperor Lizong

Song Dynasty Family Tree.

Song dynasty

  – Northern Song emperors
  – Southern Song emperors

adoption
Zhao Xuanlang
趙玄朗
Shengzu 聖祖
Zhao Tiao
趙朓

Xizu 僖祖
Zhao Ting
趙珽

Shunzu 順祖
Zhao Jing
趙敬

Yizu 翼祖
Zhao Hongyin
趙弘殷 899–956

Xuanzu 宣祖
23
Zhao Kuangyin 趙匡胤 927–976

Taizu 太祖
960–976		Zhao Guangyi 趙光義 939–997

Taizong 太宗
976–997
2434
Zhao Dezhao
趙德昭 951–979
Prince Yi of Yan 燕懿王		Zhao Defang
趙德芳 959–981
Prince Kanghui
of Qin 秦康惠王		Zhao Heng 趙恆 968–1022

Zhenzong 真宗
997–1022		Zhao Yuanfen
趙元份 969–1005
Prince Gongjing
of Shang 商恭靖王
{{{#}}}{{{#}}}
2, Son of Zhao Dezhao2, Son of Zhao Defang631, Son of Zhao DefangSon of Zhao Dezhao
Zhao Weiji 趙惟吉
Prince Ji 冀王		Zhao Weixian
趙惟憲 979–1016
Duke of Ying 英國公		Zhao Zhen 趙禎 1010–1063

Renzong 仁宗
1022–1063		Zhao Yunrang
趙允讓 995–1059
Prince Anyi of Pu 濮安懿王		Zhao Weixu
趙惟憲		Zhao Weizhong 趙惟忠
4313
Zhao Shoudu 趙守度
Marquess of Lujiang 庐江侯		Zhao Congyu 趙從郁
Marquess of Xinxing 新興侯		Zhao Shu 趙曙 1032–1067

Yingzong 英宗
1063–1067		Zhao Congpu 趙從溥Zhao Congjin 趙從謹
1
Zhao Shikuo 趙世括
Duke of Jia 嘉国公		Zhao Shijiang 趙世將
Marquess of Huayin 華陰侯		Zhao Xu 趙頊 1048–1085

Shenzong 神宗
1067–1085		Zhao Shikuo 趙世堯Zhao Shizhi 趙世陟
611
Zhao Lingjia 趙令稼
Duke of Fang 房国公		Zhao Linghua 趙令譮
Duke of Qing 慶國公		Zhao Xu 趙煦 1076–1100

Zhezong 哲宗
1085–1100		Zhao Ji 趙佶 1082–1135

Huizong 徽宗
1100–1126		Zhao Lingmin 趙令旼Zhao Lingshu 趙令疎Zhao Ji 趙佶 1082–1135

Huizong 徽宗
1100–1126
19
Zhao Zishi 趙子奭
Duke of Wu 吳國公		Zhao Zicheng
趙子偁 d.1143
Prince Anxi of Xiu 秀安僖王		Zhao Huan 趙桓 1100–1161

Qinzong 欽宗
1126–1127		Zhao Gou 趙構 1107–1187

Gaozong 高宗
1127–1162		Zhao Ziyi 趙子乙Zhao Zi 趙子[6]Zhao Zicheng
趙子偁 d.1143
Prince Anxi of Xiu 秀安僖王		Princess Ande, Zhao Jinluo, 安德帝姬 趙金羅
2
Zhao Bowu 趙伯旿
Duke of Yi 益國公		Zhao Shen 趙昚 1127–1194

Xiaozong 孝宗
1162–1189		Zhao Fu 赵旉 1127–1129
Jianzong 简宗
1129		Zhao Bocun 趙伯存Zhao Bosheng 趙伯昇Zhao Bogui 趙伯圭Mrs. Song
3
Zhao Shiyi 趙師意
Duke of Zhao 趙國公		Zhao Dun 趙惇 1147–1200

Guangzong 光宗
1189–1194		Zhao Shichou 趙師丑Zhao Shibi 趙師㻫Zhao Shichui 趙師垂
2{{{#}}}
Zhao Xilu 趙希瓐
Prince Rong 榮王		Zhao Kuo 趙擴 1168–1224

Ningzong 寧宗
1194–1224		Zhao Xibang 趙希傍Zhao Xiqu 趙希瞿Zhao Xiyan 趙希戭
{{{#}}}
12
Zhao Yun 趙昀 1205–1264

Lizong 理宗
1224–1264		Zhao Yurui
趙與芮 1207–1287
Prince Rong 榮王		Zhao Xun 赵询 1192–1220
Crown Prince (1207–1220)		Zhao Hong 赵竑 ?–1225
Crown Prince (1221–1224)		Zhao Yuyin 趙與訔
Zhao Mengqi 趙孟启 1240–1274

Duzong 度宗
1264–1274		Zhao Quan 趙銓 1224Zhao Mengfu 趙孟頫 1254–1322
123
Zhao Shi 趙昰 1268–1278

Duanzong 端宗
1276–1278		Zhao Xian 趙顯 1271–1323

Gongzong 恭宗
1274–1276		Zhao Bing 趙昺 1271–1279

Huaizong 懷宗
1278–1279

Emperors

[edit]
See also: Emperor Lizong

Northern Song, 960–1127

[edit]
Portrait Temple name
(廟號; miào hào)[note 1] 		Posthumous name
(諡號; shì hào) 		Birth name Period of reign Era names (年號; nián hào) and their according range of years
Taizu (太祖; Tàizǔ) 啟運立極英武睿文神德聖功至明大孝皇帝[note 2] Zhao Kuangyin (趙匡胤; Zhào Kuāngyìn) 960–976
  • Jianlong (建隆; Jiànlóng; 960–963)[7]
  • Qiande (乾德; Qiándé; 963–968)[8]
  • Kaibao (開寶; Kāibǎo; 968–976)[9]
 Taizong (太宗; Tàizōng) 至仁應道神功聖德文武睿烈大明廣孝皇帝 Zhao Jiong (趙炅; Zhào Jiǒng) 976–997
  • Taipingxingguo (太平興國; Tàipíngxīngguó; 976–984)[10]
  • Yongxi (雍熙; Yōngxī; 984–988)[11]
  • Duangong (端拱; Duāngǒng; 988–989)[12]
  • Chunhua (淳化; Chúnhuà; 990–994)[13]
  • Zhidao (至道; Zhìdào; 995–997)[14]
 Zhenzong (真宗; Zhēnzōng) 應符稽古神功讓德文明武定章聖元孝皇帝 Zhao Heng (趙恆; Zhào Héng) 997–1022
  • Xianping (咸平; Xiánpíng; 998–1003)[15]
  • Jingde (景德; Jǐngdé; 1004–1007)[16]
  • Dazhongxiangfu (大中祥符; Dàzhōngxiángfú; 1008–1016)[17]
  • Tianxi (天禧; Tiānxǐ; 1017–1021)[18]
  • Qianxing (乾興; Qiánxīng; 1022)[19]
 Renzong (仁宗; Rénzōng) 體天法道極功全德神文聖武睿哲明孝皇帝 Zhao Zhen (趙禎; Zhào Zhēn) 1022–1063
  • Tiansheng (天聖; Tiānshèng; 1023–1032)[20]
  • Mingdao (明道; Míngdào; 1032–1033)[21]
  • Jingyou (景祐; Jǐngyòu; 1034–1038)[22]
  • Baoyuan (寶元; Bǎoyuán; 1038–1040)[23]
  • Kangding (康定; Kāngdìng; 1040–1041)[24]
  • Qingli (慶曆; Qìnglì; 1041–1048)[25]
  • Huangyou (皇祐; Huángyòu; 1049–1053)[26]
  • Zhihe (至和; Zhìhé; 1054–1056)[27]
  • Jiayou (嘉祐; Jiāyòu; 1056–1063)[28]
 Yingzong (英宗; Yīngzōng) 體乾應曆隆功盛德憲文肅武睿聖宣孝皇帝 Zhao Shu (趙曙; Zhào Shǔ) 1063–1067
  • Zhiping (治平; Zhìpíng; 1064–1067)[29]
 Shenzong (神宗; Shénzōng) 紹天法古運德建功英文烈武欽仁聖孝皇帝 Zhao Xu (趙頊; Zhào Xū) 1067–1085
  • Xining (熙寧; Xīníng; 1068–1077)[30]
  • Yuanfeng (元豐; Yuánfēng; 1078–1085)[31]
 Zhezong (哲宗; Zhézōng) 憲元繼道顯德定功欽文睿武齊聖昭孝皇帝 Zhao Xu (趙煦; Zhào Xù) 1085–1100
  • Yuanyou (元祐; Yuányòu; 1086–1093)[32]
  • Shaosheng (紹聖; Shàoshèng; 1094–1098)[33]
  • Yuanfu (元符; Yuánfú; 1098–1100)[34]
 Huizong (徽宗; Huīzōng) 體神合道駿烈遜功聖文仁德慈憲顯孝皇帝 Zhao Ji (趙佶; Zhào Jí) 1100–1125
  • Jianzhongjingguo (建中靖國; Jiànzhōngjìngguó; 1101)[35]
  • Chongning (崇寧; Chóngníng; 1102–1106)[36]
  • Daguan (大觀; Dàguān; 1107–1110)[37]
  • Zhenghe (政和; Zhènghé; 1111–1118)[38]
  • Chonghe (重和; Chónghé; 1118)[39]
  • Xuanhe (宣和; Xuānhé; 1119–1125)[40]
 Qinzong (欽宗; Qīnzōng) 恭文順德仁孝皇帝 Zhao Huan (趙桓; Zhào Huán) 1126–1127
  • Jingkang (靖康; Jìngkāng; 1125–1127)[41]

Southern Song, 1127–1279

[edit]
Portrait Temple names
(廟號; miào hào) 		Posthumous names
(諡號; shì hào) 		Birth names Period
of reigns 		Era names (年號; nián hào) and their according range of years
Gaozong (高宗; Gāozōng) Shòumìng Zhōngxīng Quángōng Zhìdé Shèngshén Wǔwén Zhāorén Xiànxiào Huángdì (受命中興全功至德聖神武文昭仁憲孝皇帝) Zhao Gou (趙構; Zhào Gòu) 1127–1162
  • Jianyan (建炎; Jiànyán; 1127–1130)[42][43]
  • Shaoxing (紹興; Shàoxīng; 1131–1162)[44]
 Xiaozong (孝宗; Xiàozōng) Shàotǒng Tóngdào Guāndé Zhāogōng Zhéwén Shénwǔ Míngshèng Chéngxiào Huángdì (紹統同道冠德昭功哲文神武明聖成孝皇帝) Zhao Shen (趙昚; Zhào Shèn) 1162–1189
  • Longxing (隆興; Lóngxīng; 1163–1164)[45]
  • Qiandao (乾道; Qiándào; 1165–1173)[46]
  • Chunxi (淳熙; Chúnxī; 1174–1189)[47]
 Guangzong (光宗; Guāngzōng) Xúndào Xiànrén Mínggōng Màodé Wēnshùn Wǔshèng Zhécí Xiào Huángdì (循道憲仁明功茂德溫文順武聖哲慈孝皇帝) Zhao Dun (趙惇; Zhào Dūn) 1189–1194
  • Shaoxi (紹熙; Shàoxī; 1190–1194)[48]
 Ningzong (寧宗; Níngzōng) Fǎtiān Bèidào Chúnquán Démào Gōngrén Wénzhé Wǔshèng Ruìgōng Xiào Huángdì (法天備道純德茂功仁文哲武聖睿恭孝皇帝) Zhao Kuo (趙擴; Zhào Kuò) 1194–1224
  • Qingyuan (慶元; Qìngyuán; 1195–1200)[49]
  • Jiatai (嘉泰; Jiātài; 1201–1204)[50]
  • Kaixi (開禧; Kāixǐ; 1205–1207)[51]
  • Jiading (嘉定; Jiādìng; 1208–1224)[52]
 Lizong (理宗; Lǐzōng) Jiàndào Bèidé Dàgōng Fùxīng Lièwén Rénwǔ Shèngmíng Ānxiào Huángdì (建道備德大功復興烈文仁武聖明安孝皇帝) Zhao Yun (趙昀; Zhào Yún) 1224–1264
  • Baoqing (寶慶; Bǎoqìng; 1225–1227)[53]
  • Shaoding (紹定; Shàodìng; 1228–1233)[54]
  • Duanping (端平; Duānpíng; 1234–1236)[55]
  • Jiaxi (嘉熙; Jiāxī; 1237–1240)[56]
  • Chunyou (淳祐; Chúnyòu; 1241–1252)[57]
  • Baoyou (寶祐; Bǎoyòu; 1253–1258)[58]
  • Kaiqing (開慶; Kāiqìng; 1259)[59]
  • Jingding (景定; Jǐngdìng; 1260–1264)[60]
 Duzong (度宗; Dùzōng) Duānwén Míngwǔ Jǐngxiào Huángdì (端文明武景孝皇帝) Zhao Qi (趙祺; Zhào Qí) 1264–1274
  • Xianchun (咸淳; Xiánchún; 1265–1274)[61]
 Gongzong (恭宗; Gōngzōng) Xiàogōng Yìshèng Huángdì (孝恭懿圣皇帝) Zhao Xian (趙顯; Zhào Xiǎn) 1275
  • Deyou (德祐; Déyòu; 1275–1276)[62]
 Duanzong (端宗; Duānzōng) Yùwén Zhāowǔ Mǐnxiào Huángdì (裕文昭武愍孝皇帝) Zhao Shi (趙昰; Zhào Shì) 1276–1278
  • Jingyan (景炎; Jǐngyán; 1276–1278)[63]
 Huaizong (懷宗; Huáizōng) Gōngwén Níngwû Āixiào Huángdì (恭文寜武哀孝皇帝） Zhao Bing (趙昺; Zhào Bǐng) 1278–1279
  • Xiangxing (祥興; Xiángxīng; 1278–1279)[64]

My Old Sandbox

[edit]
Not to be confused with Emperor Lizong, Emperor Lizong, Emperor Lizong, Emperor Lizong, Emperor Lizong, Emperor Lizong, or Emperor Lizong.
See also: Emperor Lizong, Emperor Lizong, Emperor Lizong, Emperor Lizong, Emperor Lizong, Emperor Lizong, and Emperor Lizong
Emperor Lizong of Song
Emperor Lizong
宋理宗
Emperor of the Song dynasty
Reign17 September 1224 – 16 November 1264
Coronation17 September 1224
PredecessorEmperor Ningzong
SuccessorEmperor Duzong
Reign14 February 1294 - 15 February 1294
PredecessorKublai Khan
SuccessorTemür Khan
ReignOctober 1328 - 14 November 1328
PredecessorNo One Even Knows
SuccessorMost Hideous Name In The World No One Loves It Because They Hate It And His Actual Name Is Plain Lame
Co-EmperorRagibagh Khan
Reign21 June 1377 - 14 October 1399
Co-EmperorRobert II’s Ghost and Richard II
BornZhao Yuju (1205–1222)
Zhao Guicheng (1222–1224)
Zhao Yun (1224–1264)
(1205-01-26)26 January 1205
DiedInfinite (he lives forever.)
Era dates
Baoqing (寶慶; 1225–1227)
Shaoding (紹定; 1228–1233)
Duanping (端平; 1234–1236)
Jiaxi (嘉熙; 1237–1240)
Chunyou (淳祐; 1241–1252)
Baoyou (寶祐; 1253–1258)
Kaiqing (開慶; 1259)
Jingding (景定; 1260–1264)
Posthumous name
Jiandao Beide Dagong Fuxing Liewen Renwu Shengming Anxiao Huangdi
(建道備德大功復興烈文仁武聖明安孝皇帝)
Temple name
Lizong (理宗)
HouseHouse of Zhao
FatherZhao Xilu
MotherLady Cixian
Emperor Lizong
Chinese宋理宗
Literal meaning"Unreasonable Ancestor of the Song"
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinSòng Lǐzōng
Zhao Yun
Traditional Chinese趙昀
Simplified Chinese赵昀
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinZhào Yún
Zhao Yuju
Traditional Chinese趙與莒
Simplified Chinese赵与莒
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinZhào Yǔjú
Zhao Guicheng
Traditional Chinese趙貴誠
Simplified Chinese赵贵诚
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinZhào Guìchéng
In this Chinese name, the family name is Lizong.

Emperor Lizong of Song (26 January 1205 – 16 November 1264), personal name Zhao Yun, was the 14th emperor of the Song dynasty in China and the fifth emperor of the Southern Song dynasty. He reigned from 1224 to 1264. Although he was a descendant of the Song dynasty's founder Zhao Kuangyin (Emperor Taizu) through his son Zhao Dezhao and hence a member of the imperial clan, Zhao Yun was not in line to succeed to the throne as his family had no political status. Shi Miyuan (史彌遠), who was the chancellor for many years, collaborated with Empress Dowager Yang and brought Zhao Yun to the throne.

Early Life

[edit]

Although related to the Song imperial family, Emperor Lizong was only distantly related as he was the 10th generation descendant of the founding Song Emperor, Emperor Taizu more than 250 years before. His original name was Zhao Yuju. Zhao Yuju spent his childhood in obscurity living away from the imperial court in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. One rainy day in his early teens, along with his younger brother Zhao Yurui, Zhao Yuju stood huddling under a bridge along with an official, Yu Tianxi who was sent by Chancellor Shi Miyuan tasked to locate a suitable successor to the Song throne as the incumbent crown prince has recently passed away at aged 28. After discovering the true identity of this teenager, Yu quickly informed Shi Miyuan who agreed to groom Zhao Yuju to be replaced as the crown prince. Zhao Yuju changed his name to Zhao Guicheng after becoming crown prince. After Emperor Ningzong died in 1224, Shi, along with Empress Dowager Yang, supplanted the reigning crown prince and replaced Zhao Yun as emperor, reigning as Song Lizong. He later changed his name to Zhao Yun after becoming emperor. He was killed by an illness but he secretly survived and when Kublai Khan died, he usurped the throne before being killed again by his successor Temür Khan but he rebelled.

First Reign

[edit]

Lizong's long reign of 40 years did little to improve the predicament of the Song Empire in his time. The emperor was uninterested in governmental affairs, and for the first decade of his rule he delegated matters into the hands of his ministers, notably Shi Miyuan, who was the de facto ruler in his absence. After Shi Miyuan's death in 1233, Emperor Lizong assumed full authority briefly but again quickly abandoned the responsibility of ruling and delegated matters to his chancellor Ding Daquan in order to pursue personal enjoyment. It was said that the emperor frequented brothels and invited prostitutes into the palace in his late years, which was vehemently opposed by his ministers.

Notable events during Emperor Lizong's reign included the demise of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty in 1234, which was obliterated by the joint forces of the Mongol Empire and Song Empire. The Jurchens had fought multiple wars with the Song Empire decades before it was conquered by the Mongols. However, in 1259, the Mongols turned against the Song Empire. The Song government was forced to capitulate and cede all territories north of the Yangtze River to the Mongols. In 1279, the Mongols would eventually conquer the rest of the Song Empire.

In 1264, he used rockets to celebrate an anniversary for his mother. Also in 1264, Emperor Lizong died sonless (his sons died prematurely) from a illness and was succeeded by his nephew, Zhao Qi (Emperor Duzong).

One of his daughters married a descendant of Zhu Xi.

Posthumous Humiliation

[edit]

After Kublai Khan established the Yuan Dynasty, Lizong’s tomb was dug up. His corpse was well perserved and monks hung Lizong’s corpse for three days before cutting his head then cutting a portion of Lizong’s skull to make a wine cup before giving it to Kublai Khan. It was only after Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Yuan Dynasty that Lizong was buried again, but Zhu soon realized that it was Lizong’s twin’s dead body.[65]

Second Reign

[edit]

Despite his skull being damaged, he survived and usurped Kublai Khan’s throne after he died before being kicked out by Kublai Khan’s fancy grandson Temür Khan.

Third Reign

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When Ragibagh Khan came, Lizong forced him to share the throne and that’s why Lizong gets more info than Ragibagh Khan. Their rule came to an abrupt end when a man who’s name is too hideous overthrew Lizong and Ragibagh Khan and took the throne. Ragibagh Khan died but Lizong as we know survived.

References

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  1. ^ Convention: "Sòng" + temple name or posthumous name except last emperor who was revered as "Emperor Lizong" (宋帝昺; Sòng Dì Bǐng)
  2. ^ See the "names and titles" section of this article for an explanation.
  1. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica
  2. ^ Ranke, Leopold. Civil wars and monarchy in France, p. 353-356.
  3. ^ Ranke, Leopold. Civil wars and monarchy in France, p. 359-367.
  4. ^ Williams, Henry Smith (1904). The Historians' History of the World: France, 843–1715. Outlook Company. pp. 390–391.
  5. ^ Ranke, Leopold. Civil wars and monarchy in France, p. 391-394.
  6. ^ It’s uncertain if it’s Zhao Zi or Zhao Zichang (趙子嘗)
  7. ^ Bo (1977), pp. 873–876.
  8. ^ Bo (1977), pp. 876–878.
  9. ^ Bo (1977), pp. 878–881.
  10. ^ Bo (1977), pp. 881–883.
  11. ^ Bo (1977), pp. 883–885.
  12. ^ Bo (1977), pp. 885–886.
  13. ^ Bo (1977), pp. 886–887.
  14. ^ Bo (1977), p. 887.
  15. ^ Bo (1977), pp. 887–891.
  16. ^ Bo (1977), pp. 891–892.
  17. ^ Bo (1977), pp. 892–894.
  18. ^ Bo (1977), pp. 894–895.
  19. ^ Bo (1977), p. 895.
  20. ^ Bo (1977), pp. 895–896.
  21. ^ Bo (1977), pp. 896–897.
  22. ^ Bo (1977), pp. 897–898.
  23. ^ Bo (1977), p. 898.
  24. ^ Bo (1977), pp. 898–899.
  25. ^ Bo (1977), pp. 899–903.
  26. ^ Bo (1977), pp. 903–904.
  27. ^ Bo (1977), p. 905.
  28. ^ Bo, pp. 905–907.
  29. ^ Bo (1977), pp. 908–909.
  30. ^ Bo (1977), pp. 909–914.
  31. ^ Bo (1977), pp. 914–918.
  32. ^ Bo (1977), pp. 918–921.
  33. ^ Bo (1977), pp. 921–923.
  34. ^ Bo (1977), pp. 923–924.
  35. ^ Bo (1977), p. 927.
  36. ^ Bo (1977), pp. 927–928.
  37. ^ Bo (1977), pp. 928–929.
  38. ^ Bo (1977), pp. 929–931.
  39. ^ Bo (1977), p. 931.
  40. ^ Bo (1977), pp. 932–935.
  41. ^ Bo (1977), pp. 937–938.
  42. ^ Bo (1977), pp. 938–942.
  43. ^ In 1129, Emperor Gaozong was briefly forced to abdicate in favour of his two-year-old son Zhao Fu, with the era name Mingshou, but as shortly after Emperor Gaozong was restored by forces loyal to him, Zhao Fu is not usually considered a Song emperor by traditional historians, nor was his era name recognised. But see Bo (1977), pp. 941–942.
  44. ^ Bo (1977), pp. 944–961.
  45. ^ Bo (1977), pp. 961–962.
  46. ^ Bo (1977), pp. 963–965.
  47. ^ Bo (1977), pp. 965–969.
  48. ^ Bo (1977), pp. 970–972.
  49. ^ Bo (1977), pp. 972–973.
  50. ^ Bo (1977), pp. 977–978.
  51. ^ Bo (1977), pp. 979–981.
  52. ^ Bo (1977), pp. 981–988.
  53. ^ Bo (1977), pp. 989–990.
  54. ^ Bo (1977), pp. 991–994.
  55. ^ Bo (1977), pp. 995–996.
  56. ^ Bo (1977), pp. 996–997.
  57. ^ Bo (1977), pp. 998–1002.
  58. ^ Bo (1977), pp. 1003–1004.
  59. ^ Bo (1977), p. 1005.
  60. ^ Bo (1977), pp. 1006–1008.
  61. ^ Bo (1977), pp. 1008–1011.
  62. ^ Bo (1977), pp. 1012–1013.
  63. ^ Bo (1977), pp. 1013–1015.
  64. ^ Bo (1977), pp. 1015–1016.
  65. ^ "Song Lizong". Chinese Wikipedia.
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