User:Someone the Person/citylists/chrono2

A sortable table of historical populations of settlements, organized so that you can find out what the largest cities were at a given time in history.

About the numbers

(I know these explanations are a bit hard to process when I write them in words; I'll give some examples once I get this table off the ground.)

Exponential growth

These figures are based on the assumption that populations grow and shrink exponentially. While this is a drastic oversimplification, it is far more realistic than a linear model, but not too much harder to work with. Here is a description of how it works:

Interpolation

Imagine I have a source, that gives the population of a city every hundred years or so. Let's say I want to estimate the city's population sometime between 100 and 200 CE. Over this hundred-year time period, the city's population increased by a certain fraction of itself. The 100th root of this fraction is the number that the city's population multiplied by in one year (if you multiply by the 100th root 100 times, you get the original proportion). If I multiply the population in 100 CE by the 100th root, I get the population in 101 CE. If I do this 32 times (or raise my root to the 32nd power), I get the population in 132 CE.

Extrapolation

For numbers that lie outside the range of my sources, I will take the two nearest ones, and use the ratio between them to get my root. In other words, I will assume that the population grew at the same rate as it did within the bounds. Be warned that these numbers can only decrease in accuracy the farther they are from a sourced number.

If a settlement starts / stops existing, I will not extrapolate for fear of overestimating. Instead, I will place a "1" at the time when the settlement started / stopped existing, and interpolate based on that. This is based on the assumption that if a settlement existed, its population was at least 1. Usually, these numbers are massive underestimates, but I prefer this to overshooting.

Combining sources

Sources often disagree with each other, especially in the case of ancient cities. My method for integrating multiple sources is this: I take each source, and interpolate its data using the exponential growth method. Then, for each year, I take the average of the numbers I get (whether sourced or interpolated), and this number is my estimate. These appear within the main tables in bold, without any citations. I provide the original numbers in separate tables in the bottom half of the page. They are organized alphabetically by city, so that you can find them easily.

When font is normal, the data comes from a single source, or two sources that provide data for exactly the same years (just averaged). If cited, it comes directly from the source. If not, it is an interpolation/extrapolation.

N.B.: Sources often do not coincide in time. When I am extrapolating one source and interpolating others (one source "runs out" of data), I find the nearest year with at least one sourced number, and use my average for that year as a placeholder in the row for the source that ran out. Then I interpolate based on that. You will see these placeholders in bold italic font.

Rounding

All non-integer estimates are truncated (always rounded down, not up, to the nearest one). All averages are rounded to the nearest whole.

The tables!

Stone Age

Settlement	Modern location	-9400	-7500	-7250	-7200	-7000	-6850	-6500	-6400	-6000	-5700	-5400	-5000
'Ain Ghazal	Jordan			1	4	2,750^[1]^[2]	2,750	2,750(^[2])	458^[2]	79	21	5	1
Beidha	Jordan				1	1,000^[1]	125	1
Çatalhöyük	Turkey		1	72	171	5,304^[1]^[3]	4,869	3,989	3,768	3,000^[1]	1
El Tajín	Mexico										1 (-5600)	1	2
Eridu	Iraq											1	8
Jericho	Palestine	1,000^[4]	2,500^[4] (8350-7370 BCE)	1,732	1,609	1,200^[1]
Kerma	Sudan		1	1	1	2	3	5	7	14	24	41	84
Nineveh	Iraq									1	1	3	9
Rey	Iran									1	1	2	5
Sesklo	Greece						1	4	7	42	159	599	3,500^[1]
Tell Brak	Syria									1	12	144	4,000^[1]
Xinzheng	China									1	1	3	7
Zhengzhou	China		1	1	1	2	3	5	6	12	21	35	70

Ancient

Settlement	Modern location	-5000	-4400	-4200	-4000	-3800	-3700	-3600	-3500	-3400	-3300	-3200	-3100
Aleppo	Syria	1	3	4	7	10	13	16	19	24	29	35	43
Anshan	Iran												10,000^[1]
Athens	Greece	1	4	8	13	23	30	39	51	66	87	113	147
Dobrovody	Ukraine					10,000^[1]
El Tajín	Mexico	2	7	10	15	21	25	30	35	42	50	59	70
Eridu	Iraq	8	197	569	1,637	4,715	8,000^[1]	5,986	4,479	3,352	2,508	1,877	1,404
Habuba Kabira	Syria												7,000^[1]
Heliopolis	Egypt												1
Jerusalem	Israel				1	2	2	4	5	8	11	16	24
Kerma	Sudan	84	246	351	501	715	854	1,021	1,219	1,456	1,740	2,078	2,482
Kish	Iraq												1
Larsa	Iraq						10,000^[1]	10,000	10,000	10,000^[1]	10,000	10,000	10,000
Mari	Syria				1	2	4	7	12	20	34	56	93
Maydanets	Ukraine	1	70	289	1,193	4,923	10,000^[1]	1
Memphis	Egypt												30,000^[1]
Nekhen	Egypt	1	28	86	264	805	1,407	2,458	4,294	7,500^[1]	7,941	8,409	8,904
Nineveh	Iraq	9	38	60	96	151	190	239	300	377	474	596	749
Rey	Iran	5	14	20	28	40	47	56	66	79	93	110	130
Sais	Egypt												1
Sesklo	Greece	3,500^[1]	1
Shahr-e Sukhteh	Iran											1	20,000^[1]
Susa	Iran			1	9	89	275	845	2,601	8,000^[1]	8,678	9,414	10,212
Talianki	Ukraine						12,500^[1]
Tell Brak	Syria	4,000^[1]	4,573	4,781	5,000^[1]	5,848	6,324	6,839	7,397	8,000^[1]	11,208	15,702	22,000^[1]
Tell Leilan	Syria	1	10	23	52	116	172	256	380	565	840	1,249	1,856
Thebes	Egypt											1	2
Ur	Iraq					1	2	5	13	32	77	184	441
Uruk	Iraq	1	165	910	5,000^[1]	8,386	11,000	12,543	14,308	16,325	20,472	25,769	32,500
Xinzheng	China	7	26	40	61	92	113	138	170	209	257	316	388
Yin	China	1	6	10	19	36	48	65	88	118	160	216	291
Zhengzhou	China	70	196	276	389	547	649	769	912	1,082	1,283	1,521	1,804

Settlement	Modern location	-3000	-2900	-2800	-2700	-2600	-2500	-2400	-2300	-2200	-2100
Adab	Iraq			11,000^[1]	11,629	12,295	13,000^[1]	11,401	10,000^[1]	10,000	10,000
Akkad	Iraq								36,000^[1]
Aleppo	Syria	53	65	79	97	118	144	176	215	262	320
Anshan	Iran	10,000	10,000	10,000^[1]	10,000	10,000	10,000^[1]	10,000	10,000^[1]	10,000	10,000
Athens	Greece	191	249	323	421	547	712	926	1,204	1,567	2,037
Babylon	Iraq								1	9	84
Bad-tibira	Iraq			16,000^[1]
Ebla	Syria	1	4	19	82	361	1,577	6,879	30,000^[1]	6,879	1,577
El Tajín	Mexico	83	99	117	139	165	196	232	276	327	388
Eridu	Iraq	1,051	786	588	440	329	246	184	138	103	77
Harappa	Pakistan					35,000^[1]	23,052	15,182	10,000^[1]	2,154	464
Heliopolis	Egypt	2	5	11	25	58	131	296	668	1,508	3,400
Isin	Iraq						1	8	69	577	4,804
Jerusalem	Israel	34	48	69	98	140	200	284	405	577	821
Kerma	Sudan	2,965	3,541	4,230	5,052	6,035	7,208	8,609	10,283	12,283	14,671
Kesh	Iraq						11,000^[1]
Kish	Iraq	34	1,169	40,000^[1]	34,199	29,240	25,000^[1]	15,811	10,000^[1]	15,874	25,198
Lagash	Iraq					40,000^[1]	40,000^[1]	20,000	10,000^[1]	14,962	22,388
Larsa	Iraq	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000^[1]	13,195	17,411	22,973	30,314
Mari	Syria	154	256	424	703	1,164	1,928	3,192	5,286	8,753	14,494
Memphis	Egypt	30,301	30,606	30,914	31,225	31,539	31,856	32,176	32,500^[1]	39,869	48,909
Mohenjo-daro	Pakistan					41,250^[1]	20,000^[1]	20,000	20,000^[1]	15,874	12,599
Namazga-Tepe	Turkmenistan						1	118	14,000^[1]	14,000	14,000
Nekhen	Egypt	9,428	9,983	10,570	11,193	11,852	12,549	13,288	14,071	14,899	15,776
Nineveh	Iraq	941	1,183	1,486	1,867	2,346	2,948	3,704	4,653	5,847	7,346
Nippur	Iraq			13,000^[1]	15,007	17,324	20,000^[1]	14,142	10,000^[1]	11,696	13,679
Rey	Iran	154	183	216	256	303	358	424	501	593	702
Sais	Egypt	1	2	3	5	9	14	21	33	52	81
Shahr-e Sukhteh	Iran	20,000	20,000	20,000	20,000	20,000	20,000^[1]	20,000	20,000^[1]	141	1
Shangqiu	China				1	1	3	5	10	18	33
Shuruppak	Iraq	1	141	20,000^[1]	18,945	17,946	17,000^[1]	25	1 (-2350)
Susa	Iran	11,078	12,017	13,036	14,142	15,341	16,642	18,053	19,583	21,244	23,045
Taosi	China						10,000^[1]	11,832	14,000^[1]
Tell Brak	Syria	21,312	20,645	20,000^[1]	18,171	16,509	15,000^[1]	15,000	15,000^[1]	4,509	1,355
Tell Leilan	Syria	2,759	4,100	6,094	9,056	13,458	20,000^[1]	20,000	20,000^[1]	3,838	736
Thebes	Egypt	5	14	34	82	200	483	1,169	2,828	6,839	16,540
Umma	Iraq			26,000^[1]	28,432	31,091	34,000^[1]	26,076	20,000^[1]	15,874	12,599
Ur	Iraq	1,053	2,513	6,000^[1]	8,042	10,779	14,447	19,364	25,955	34,789	46,629
Uruk	Iraq	38,906	46,591	55,811	58,420	61,459	50,000^[1]	52,304	54,714	57,235	59,873
Xinzheng	China	477	585	719	883	1,085	1,333	1,637	2,011	2,470	3,034
Yin	China	393	529	714	962	1,298	1,750	2,359	3,180	4,287	5,779
Zabala	Iraq	1	3	13	51	193	719	2,682	10,000^[1]	10,000	10,000
Zhengzhou	China	2,139	2,537	3,008	3,567	4,230	5,016	5,948	7,053	8,363	9,917

Settlement	Modern location	-2000	-1900	-1800	-1783	-1759	-1700	-1600	-1550
Adab	Iraq	10,000^[1]	10,000	10,000^[1]
Aleppo	Syria	391	477	582	602	631	710	867	957
Anshan	Iran	10,000^[1]	10,000	10,000^[1]	8,822	7,392	4,786	2,290	1,584
Athens	Greece	2,650	3,446	4,482	4,687	4,992	5,829	7,581	8,645
Avaris	Egypt				1	4	185	100,000^[1]	1
Babylon	Iraq	772	7,084	65,000^[1]	64,971	64,935	64,869	64,829	64,726
Ebla	Syria	361	82	19	14	10	4	1
El Tajín	Mexico	460	545	647	666	694	767	910	990
Eridu	Iraq	57	43	32	30	28	24	18	15
Erlitou	China	1	171	29,500^[1]	16,463	7,226	954	30	5
Harappa	Pakistan	100	21	4	3	2	1
Hattusa	Turkey						1	37,000^[1]	38,540
Heliopolis	Egypt	7,669	17,294	39,000^[1]	36,240	32,674	25,327	16,448	13,255
Herakleopolis Magna	Egypt			23,000^[1]
Isin	Iraq	40,000^[1]	39,496	39,000^[1]	31,153	22,686	10,403	2,775	1,433
Jerusalem	Israel	1,169	1,665	2,370	2,517	2,739	3,374	4,804	5,732
Kerma	Sudan	17,523	20,930	25,000^[1]	24,729	24,353	23,452	22,000^[1]	341
Kish	Iraq	40,000^[1]	21,446	11,498	10,342	8,905	6,164	3,305	2,420
Lagash	Iraq	33,500^[1]	18,303	10,000^[1]
Larsa	Iraq	40,000^[1]	28,284	20,000^[1]
Mari	Syria	24,000^[1]	35,327	52,000^[1]	576	1
Memphis	Egypt	60,000^[1]	47,189	37,500	36,561	35,384	33,168	31,268	33,745
Mohenjo-daro	Pakistan	10,000^[1]	14,142	20,000^[1]
Namazga-Tepe	Turkmenistan	14,000^[1]	5,389	2,074	1,763	1,402	798	307	190
Nekhen	Egypt	16,705	17,688	18,729	18,912	19,174	19,832	21,000^[1]
Nineveh	Iraq	9,230	11,596	14,570	15,146	15,999	18,306	23,000^[1]	24,061
Nippur	Iraq	16,000^[1]	11,177	7,808	7,346	6,741	5,455	3,811	3,185
Rey	Iran	830	982	1,162	1,196	1,245	1,375	1,627	1,769
Sais	Egypt	126	196	304	328	364	473	734	915
Shangqiu	China	60	108	194	214	246	348	626	839
Susa	Iran	25,000^[1]	26,692	28,500^[1]	28,184	27,744	26,692	25,000^[1]	25,000
Tell Brak	Syria	407	122	36	30	22	11	3	1
Tell Leilan	Syria	141	27	5	3	2	1
Thebes	Egypt	40,000^[1]	45,495	52,500	53,276	54,395	57,267	62,551	65,406
Umma	Iraq	10,000^[1]	14,142	20,000^[1]
Ur	Iraq	62,500^[1]	29,933	14,336	12,649	10,600	6,866	3,288	2,275
Uruk	Iraq	62,632	65,518	68,537	69,064	69,815	71,696	75,000^[1]	58,753
Xinzheng	China	3,727	4,578	5,623	5,823	6,117	6,906	8,483	9,401
Yin	China	7,791	10,504	14,160	14,898	16,005	19,090	25,735	29,880
Zabala	Iraq	10,000^[1]	10,000	10,000^[1]
Zhengzhou	China	11,760	13,945	16,536	17,022	17,732	19,608	23,251	25,319

Settlement	Modern location	-1500	-1480	-1400	-1360	-1300	-1200	-1155	-1136	-1100	-1060
Aleppo	Syria	1,058	1,100	1,290	1,397	1,575	1,921	2,101	2,182	2,345	2,539
Amarna	Egypt				30,000^[1]
Anshan	Iran	1,096	946	524	390	251	120	86	75	57	42
Athens	Greece	9,859	10,391	12,822	14,243	16,675	21,686	24,408	25,658	28,203	31,329
Babylon	Iraq	64,651	64,628	64,582	64,719	64,620	64,764	67,536	68,785	71,288	74,291
Beijing	China										1 (-1046)
Dur-Kurigalzu	Iraq			1	40,000^[1]	40,000	40,000^[1]	1
El Tajín	Mexico	1,079	1,116	1,279	1,369	1,516	1,798	1,941	2,005	2,132	2,283
Ephesus	Turkey	1	1	2	3	5	14	21	25	34	49
Eridu	Iraq	13	12	10	9	7	5	4	4	4	3
Erlitou	China	1
Hastinapur	India						1	10	27	173	1,361
Hattusa	Turkey	40,144	40,804	43,555	45,000^[1]	46,102	48,000^[1]
Heliopolis	Egypt	10,682	9,798	6,937	5,837	4,505	2,925	2,409	2,219	1,900	1,598
Isin	Iraq	740	568	197	116	52	14	7	6	3	2
Izapa	Mexico	1	1	2	3	5	11	16	18	25	34
Jerusalem	Israel	6,839	7,340	9,737	11,215	13,862	19,735	23,135	24,741	28,096	33,524
Kerma	Sudan	5	1
Kish	Iraq	1,772	1,564	950	740	509	273	206	183	146	114
Luoyang	China								1	18	482
Memphis	Egypt	36,418	37,546	42,417	45,085	50,748	62,004	62,669	63,049	63,931	65,159
Namazga-Tepe	Turkmenistan	118	97	45	31	17	6	4	3	2	1
Nimrud	Iraq						1	3	5	15	47
Nineveh	Iraq	25,172	25,630	27,550	28,562	30,152	33,000^[1]	33,626	33,893	34,407	34,986
Nippur	Iraq	2,662	2,478	1,860	1,611	1,299	907	772	721	634	549
Pi-Ramesses	Egypt					1	100,000^[1]	2,470	517	26	1
Rey	Iran	1,925	1,990	2,277	2,435	2,694	3,187	3,437	3,549	3,770	4,032
Sais	Egypt	1,140	1,245	1,770	2,111	2,749	4,269	5,203	5,657	6,628	7,904
Shangqiu	China	1,124	1,264	2,019	2,552	3,626	6,512	8,474	9,472	11,694	14,779
Susa	Iran	25,000	25,000	25,000	25,000	25,000	25,000	25,000	25,000	25,000	25,000
Tell Brak	Syria	1
Thebes	Egypt	68,414	69,662	74,927	77,731	73,130	69,393	70,071	70,525	71,654	72,328
Ur	Iraq	1,574	1,359	754	561	361	173	124	108	82	61
Uruk	Iraq	46,026	41,744	28,246	23,234	17,334	10,637	8,539	7,782	6,528	5,370
Xinzheng	China	10,419	10,857	12,798	13,894	15,719	19,306	21,178	22,022	23,713	25,746
Yin	China	34,693	36,829	46,770	52,706	63,051	85,000^[1]
Zhengzhou	China	27,571	28,527	32,693	35,000^[1]

Iron Age-Classical

Settlement	Modern location	-1000	-950	-900	-850	-800	-753	-750	-700	-650	-612	-600	-550
Aleppo	Syria	2,861	3,160	3,491	3,856	4,259	4,677	4,705	5,197	5,741	6,192	6,341	7,005
Anshan	Iran	27	19	13	9	6	4	4	3	2	1	1	1
Anuradhapura	Sri Lanka			1	3	9	29	31	98	309	738	972	3,062
Athens	Greece	36,678	41,828	47,700	54,397	62,034	70,188	70,744	80,676	92,002	101,663	104,919	119,649
Ayodhya	India	1	4	20	91	414	1,706	1,867	8,424	38,000^[1]	38,729	38,963	39,950
Babylon	Iraq	79,277	78,541	77,981	77,589	77,361	81,146	81,394	85,674	90,218	98,879	101,942	120,320
Beijing	China	1	1	2	3	4	6	6	8	11	15	16	22
Byzantium (Istanbul)	Turkey								1 (-657)	1	1	2	3
Carthage	Tunisia				1 (-830)	1	4	4	11	30	61	77	199
Chang'an (Xi'an)	China	77,500^[1]	83,402	90,000	90,000	90,000	84,850	84,543	79,781	75,609	80,313	81,978	89,992
Constantinople see Byzantium	Turkey
Corduba (Córdoba)	Spain								1	1	2	2	3
Cuicuilco	Mexico	1	2	6	15	37	88	93	231	572	1,140	1,418	3,514
Ecbatana (Hamadan)	Iran											1	28
El Tajín	Mexico	2,528	2,753	2,998	3,264	3,555	3,851	3,871	4,215	4,590	4,897	4,998	5,442
Ephesus	Turkey	84	132	205	320	500	758	779	1,214	1,893	2,653	2,951	4,601
Eridu	Iraq	3	2	2	2	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Hamadan see Ecbatana	Iran
Hastinapur	India	30,000^[1]	32,632	35,496	38,611	42,000^[1]
Heliopolis	Egypt	1,234	994	801	645	520	424	419	338	272	231	219	176
Isin	Iraq	1
Istanbul see Byzantium	Turkey
Izapa	Mexico	55	83	125	187	279	408	418	625	935	1,270	1,399	2,092
Jerusalem	Israel	40,000^[1]	28,804	20,742	14,937	10,756	7,900	7,745	5,578	4,016	3,129	2,892	2,082
Jingzhou see Ying	China
Kanchipuram	India	1	1	2	2	4	6	6	8	12	16	18	26
Kerch see Panticapaeum	Ukraine
Kish	Iraq	78	57	42	30	22	16	16	12	8	6	6	4
Kosambi	India									55,000^[1]
Linzi	China								77,500^[1]	79,930	79,943	79,978	80,768
Luoyang	China	63,333^[1]	63,707	64,146	64,543	65,000	68,336	68,561	72,524	76,597	79,386	80,303	99,044
Mandsaur	India	1	1	2	3	4	6	6	9	13	17	19	27
Ma'rib	Yemen									45,000^[1]
Memphis	Egypt	67,500^[1]	60,651	54,497	48,968	44,000^[1]	49,722	50,111	57,072	65,000^[1]	70,021	71,685	79,059
Miletus	Turkey	1	4	22	103	484	2,070	2,271	10,658	50,000^[1]
Namazga-Tepe	Turkmenistan	1
Nimrud	Iraq	250	994	3,952	15,717	62,500^[1]
Nineveh	Iraq	35,874	36,631	37,404	38,194	39,000^[1]	60,710	62,449	100,000^[1]	120,000^[1]	1
Nippur	Iraq	443	370	309	258	216	182	180	151	126	110	105	88
Panticapaeum (Kerch)	Ukraine											1	21
Pyongyang	North Korea	25,000^[1]	25,000	25,000	25,000	25,000^[1]
Qufu	China	1	3	10	31	100	295	316	1,000	3,162	7,585	10,000	31,622
Rey	Iran	4,460	4,851	5,276	5,739	6,242	6,755	6,789	7,384	8,032	8,561	8,736	9,502
Rome	Italy						1	1	3	13	36	50	179
Sais	Egypt	10,291	12,824	15,979	19,911	24,810	30,509	30,915	38,521	48,000^[1]
Shangqiu	China	21,000^[1]	24,546	28,692	33,539	39,204	45,398	45,825	53,565	62,613	70,498	73,188	85,550
Susa	Iran	25,000^[1]	19,895	15,833	12,600	10,027	8,090	7,980	6,350	5,053	4,248	4,022	3,200
Suzhou	China												1 (-514)
Syracuse	Italy							1 (-734)	3	25	111	176	1,216
Taiyuan	China			1 (-859)	1	1	2	2	3	4	6	6	9
Thebes	Egypt	76,667	63,747	55,000	57,386	60,000^[1]
Tikal	Guatemala	1	1	2	2	4	5	5	8	12	16	17	24
Tres Zapotes	Mexico	1	1	3	6	13	24	25	47	90	148	173	329
Ur	Iraq	39	27	19	13	9	6	6	4	3	2	2	1
Uruk	Iraq	4,006	3,138	2,458	1,926	1,508	1,199	1,182	925	725	602	568	445
Varanasi	India	1	2	6	17	45	112	119	309	805	1,664	2,094	5,446
Xiadu	China											100,000^[1]	100,000
Xi'an see Chang'an	China
Xintian	China										40,000^[1]	54,288	73,680
Xinzheng	China	29,126	32,279	35,774	39,647	43,939	48,397	48,696	53,968	59,811	64,671	66,287	73,463
Xuchang	China	1	1	2	3	6	9	9	15	24	34	38	60
Ye	China									1	1	1	3
Ying (Jingzhou)	China								20,000^[1]	29,325	39,226	43,000^[1]

Settlement	Modern location	-500	-490	-450	-430	-400	-350	-300	-270	-250	-200	-150	-100	-50	-44
Aleppo	Syria	7,738	7,893	8,547	8,894	9,441	10,429	11,520	12,228	12,725	14,056	15,526	17,150	18,944	19,172
Alexandria	Egypt						1 (-331)	150,000^[1]	198,900	241,421	400,000	363,271	341,127	314,611	311,611
Antioch	Turkey							21,000^[5]	35,424	50,199	120,000^[1]	171,826	264,649	223,423	219,169
Anuradhapura	Sri Lanka	9,639	12,123	30,341	48,000^[1]	50,230	54,182	58,444	61,160	63,041	68,000^[1]	75,782	84,456	94,123	95,355
Anyi	China	100,000^[1]	100,000	100,000	100,000	100,000^[1]	100,000	100,000^[1]
Athens	Greece	136,447	140,080	155,604	164,000^[1]	182,022	216,566	257,667^[1]	158,270	114,365	50,760	22,530	10,000^[1]	19,049	20,581
Ayodhya	India	40,962	41,168	42,001	42,423	43,065	44,156	45,275	45,960	46,423	47,599	48,806	50,043	51,311	51,465
Babylon	Iraq	143,176	147,011	164,633	175,000	150,000^[1]	89,299	53,162	38,945	31,649	18,841	11,216	6,677	3,975	3,735
Beijing	China	30	32	41	49	56	76	105	126	143	196	268	366	500	519
Byzantium (Istanbul)	Turkey	7	7	13	16	24	45	83	121	155	289	537	999	1,857	2,001
Carthage	Tunisia	514	621	1,324	1,933	3,411	8,783	22,619	39,899	58,249	150,000^[1]	140,166	130,977	122,391	121,399
Chang'an (Xi'an)	China	100,082	102,396	112,804	120,907	128,874	149,226	175,068	193,845	207,975	250,000	270,812	336,491	337,510	338,136
Chengdu	China							1	3	6	46	316	2,154	14,677	18,478
Constantinople see Byzantium	Turkey
Corduba (Córdoba)	Spain	4	5	7	8	11	16	24	31	36	54	81	121	180	189
Cuicuilco	Mexico	8,705	10,437	21,566	31,000^[1]	31,610	32,655	33,733	34,398	34,848	36,000^[1]	9,668	2,596	697	595
Datong see Pingcheng	China
Ecbatana (Hamadan)	Iran	820	1,605	23,517	90,000^[1]
El Tajín	Mexico	5,926	6,028	6,453	6,676	7,026	7,651	8,331	8,768	9,072	9,879	10,757	11,713	12,754	12,886
Ephesus	Turkey	7,172	7,838	11,180	13,352	17,427	27,165	42,345	55,268	66,006	102,889	160,382	250,000^[1]	281,336	285,351
Guangzhou	China									1 (-206)	1	2	4	8	8
Hamadan see Ecbatana	Iran
Heliopolis	Egypt	142	136	114	105	92	74	60	52	48	39	31	25	20	19
Istanbul see Byzantium	Turkey
Izapa	Mexico	3,129	3,391	4,679	5,496	6,998	10,465	15,650	19,924	23,404	35,000^[1]
Jerusalem	Israel	1,500^[6]	1,867	4,486	6,953	13,416	40,124	120,000^[6]	125,386	129,111	138,914	149,462	160,810	173,020	174,547
Kanchipuram	India	38	41	55	63	79	114	164	205	237	342	492	709	1,021	1,067
Kerch see Panticapaeum	Ukraine
Kish	Iraq	3	3	2	2	1	1	1
Linzi	China	81,917	85,637	105,033	117,841	150,000^[1]	188,745	237,500^[1]	183,216	154,110	100,000^[1]	100,000	100,000^[1]	100,000	100,000
Luoyang	China	123,298	124,369	128,866	131,247	144,518	145,174	146,640	143,822	142,016	137,745	143,587	152,459	165,495	167,342
Madurai	India										1	1	3	7	8
Mandsaur	India	39	42	57	66	83	120	174	217	251	364	526	761	1,100	1,150
Memphis	Egypt	87,191	88,915	96,159	100,000^[1]	72,412	42,283	24,690	17,878	14,417	8,418	4,915	2,870	1,676	1,571
Nanjing	China	1 (-495)	1	5	11	33	215	1,376	4,183	8,778	56,000^[1]	59,190	62,562	66,127	66,568
Nippur	Iraq	73	71	61	57	51	43	35	32	30	25	21	17	14	14
Paithan	India										60,000^[1]	63,472	67,146	71,032	71,514
Panticapaeum (Kerch)	Ukraine	454	838	9,703	33,000^[1]
Pataliputra (Patna)	India		1	2,154	100,000^[1]	117,751	154,611	203,009	239,046	266,558	350,000^[1]	266,770	203,333	154,981	150,012
Patna see Pataliputra	India
Pingcheng (Datong)	China										88,000^[1]	88,944	89,898	90,862	90,979
Qufu	China	100,000^[1]	100,000	100,000	100,000	100,000^[1]	106,066	112,500^[1]
Rey	Iran	10,335	10,510	11,241	11,625	12,226	13,298	14,464	15,212	15,732	17,111	18,611	20,242	22,017	22,240
Rome	Italy	646	835	2,323	3,875	8,349	30,000^[7]	63,667	100,000^[7]	117,092	174,502	253,630	373,794	608,484	646,163
Seleucia	Iraq						1 (-305)	1	58	598	200,000^[1]	247,158	311,803	276,331	272,729
Shangqiu	China	100,000^[1]	102,658	114,017	120,160	130,000^[1]	114,017	100,000^[1]
Sialkot	Pakistan						1 (-327)	1	2	2	5	11	22	44	48
Sravasti	India				46,000^[1]
Susa	Iran	2,547	2,433	2,027	1,850	1,613	1,283	1,021	890	813	647	514	409	326	317
Suzhou	China	6	23	4,370	60,000^[1]	80,375	81,011	81,660	82,362	82,833	84,024	86,616	89,344	92,216	92,570
Syracuse	Italy	8,380	12,329	57,754	125,000^[1]
Taiyuan	China	14	15	20	23	29	43	62	77	90	130	188	272	394	412
Taxila	Pakistan	1	1	6	13	39	244	1,532	4,605	9,589	60,000^[1]	27,312	12,433	5,659	5,149
Teotihuacan	Mexico										70,000^[1]	71,588	73,212	74,874	75,076
Tikal	Guatemala	35	38	50	58	72	104	148	184	212	304	435	621	889	928
Tres Zapotes	Mexico	628	714	1,196	1,548	2,279	4,341	8,269	12,172	15,750	30,000^[1]	18,768	11,741	7,345	6,943
Ujjain	India										94,000^[1]	92,656	91,331	90,025	89,870
Ur	Iraq	1
Uruk	Iraq	348	332	273	247	214	167	131	113	102	80	63	49	38	37
Vaishali	India				45,000^[1]
Varanasi	India	14,165	17,149	36,842	54,000^[1]	53,872	53,659	53,447	53,321	53,236	53,026	52,817	52,609	52,401	52,376
Xiadu	China	100,000^[1]	113,985	192,416	250,000^[1]	300,000^[1]	300,000	300,000^[1]
Xi'an see Chang'an	China
Xianyang	China						1	100,000^[1]	123,114	141,421	200,000^[1]
Xintian	China	100,000^[1]	39,516	963	150	9	1 (-376)
Xinzheng	China	81,416	83,108	90,231	94,018	100,000^[1]	110,679	122,500^[1]
Xuchang	China	95	104	150	181	238	375	593	779	935	1,476	2,330	3,676	5,801	6,127
Ye	China	6	7	12	15	22	42	79	114	147	275	514	960	1,793	1,932
Yong	China					100,000^[1]

Settlement	Modern location	1	50	70	100	150	200	250	300	350	361	400	450
Aleppo	Syria	20,926	23,069	24,006	25,483	28,148	31,093	34,345	37,938	41,906	42,834	46,290	51,132
Alexandria	Egypt	290,705	269,538	261,486	250,000^[1]	218,912	191,691	167,854	146,982	128,705	125,000^[1]	119,788	113,422
Antioch	Turkey	191,831	168,212	160,291	150,000^[1]	150,000	150,000	150,000	150,000	150,000	150,000^[1]	150,000	150,000
Anuradhapura	Sri Lanka	104,896	116,648	121,816	130,000^[1]	116,087	103,663	92,569	82,662	73,815	72,000^[1]	71,697	71,311
Athens	Greece	36,288	68,242	88,310	130,000^[1]
Ayodhya	India	52,611	53,918	54,460	55,284	56,685	58,122	59,595	61,105	62,654	63,000^[1]	66,158	70,440
Babylon	Iraq	2,366	1,423	1,156	847	504	300	178	106	63	56	37	22
Beijing	China	683	927	1,051	1,267	1,731	2,365	3,232	4,415	6,032	6,460	8,241	11,258
Byzantium see Constantinople	Turkey
Carthage	Tunisia	114,367	107,015	104,152	100,000^[1]	100,000	100,000	100,000	100,000	100,000	100,000	100,000	100,000
Chang'an (Xi'an)	China	345,815	219,215	183,828	142,276	117,520	100,205	103,346	106,744	119,490	122,736	151,022	204,675
Chengdu	China	100,000^[1]	91,833	88,953	85,000	88,320	89,158	90,014	90,889	91,783	91,982	92,696	93,630
Constantinople (Istanbul)	Turkey	3,453	6,341	8,126	11,789	21,916	40,742	75,739	140,799	261,745	300,000^[1]	330,798	374,952
Copán	Honduras											1 (426)	2
Corduba (Córdoba)	Spain	269	398	467	594	886	1,321	1,970	2,939	4,383	4,786	6,537	9,750
Ctesiphon^[8]	Iraq	1	211	1,883	50,000	68,056	92,634	126,088	171,624	233,604	250,000^[1]	285,240	337,781
Cuicuilco	Mexico	187	51	30	13	3	1
Datong see Pingcheng	China
El Tajín	Mexico	13,888	15,097	15,621	16,440	17,901	19,493	21,226	23,113	25,167	25,643	27,405	29,841
Ephesus	Turkey	316,601	355,445	372,638	400,000^[1]	245,845	151,099	92,867	57,077	35,080	31,518	21,561	13,251
Guangzhou	China	16	31	40	61	120	235	462	907	1,782	2,066	3,497	6,865
Heliopolis	Egypt	16	13	12	10	8	6	5	4	3	3	2	2
Istanbul see Constantinople	Turkey
Jerusalem	Israel	186,158	200,000^[9]	1	1	1	2	4	6	10	11	16	24
Kanchipuram	India	1,470	2,102	2,432	3,028	4,360	6,279	9,042	13,021	18,752	20,318	27,004	38,857
Linzi	China	100,000^[1]	100,000	100,000	100,000	100,000	100,000^[1]
Luoyang	China	184,271	241,871	271,655	324,934	295,931	270,102	247,098	226,609	221,138	220,549	220,380	267,831
Madurai	India	15	29	38	58	114	226	446	880	1,737	2,017	3,427	6,761
Mandsaur	India	1,591	2,283	2,646	3,301	4,772	6,899	9,975	14,421	20,849	22,610	30,141	43,576
Memphis	Egypt	978	577	465	337	196	115	67	39	22	20	13	7
Nanjing	China	69,895	73,795	75,449	78,000^[1]	85,704	94,263	103,780	114,370	159,564	172,727	225,000	268,649
Nippur	Iraq	12	10	9	8	7	6	5	4	3	3	2	2
Paithan	India	75,144	79,404	81,211	84,000^[1]
Patala (Thatta)	Pakistan				73,000^[1]
Pataliputra (Patna)	India	118,127	90,527	81,209	69,000^[1]	80,067	92,909	107,811	125,104	145,170	150,000^[1]	140,873	129,981
Patna see Pataliputra	India
Peshawar	Pakistan				120,000^[1]
Pingcheng (Datong)	China	91,837	92,802	93,199	93,798	94,804	95,821	96,849	97,888	98,938	99,171	100,000^[1]	141,412
Pyay	Myanmar			1 (78)	2	17	121	872	6,249	44,747	69,000^[1]	70,099	71,535
Rey	Iran	23,947	26,002	26,891	28,282	30,761	33,458	36,391	39,581	43,050	43,854	46,824	50,929
Rome	Italy	820,695	913,732	956,107	1,025,000	1,003,091	984,802	932,472	888,532	894,312	895,989	950,000^[1]	80,000^[1]
Seleucia	Iraq	250,000^[1]	223,858	213,991	200,000^[1]	17	1 (165)
Sialkot	Pakistan	89	175	230	348	692	1,377	2,738	5,443	10,820	12,586	21,509	42,759
Susa	Iran	259	207	189	165	131	104	83	66	52	50	41	33
Suzhou	China	95,240	98,360	99,680	101,714	97,982	94,642	91,660	89,003	86,643	86,161	88,186	90,913
Taiyuan	China	571	820	950	1,187	1,717	2,485	3,596	5,203	7,529	8,167	10,894	15,764
Taxila	Pakistan	2,576	1,191	869	542	246	112	51	23	10	8	4	2
Teotihuacan	Mexico	76,573	78,275	78,981	80,052	81,868	83,726	85,626	87,569	89,556	90,000^[1]	112,578	150,000^[10]
Thatta see Patala	Pakistan
Tikal	Guatemala	1,271	1,804	2,081	2,579	3,687	5,271	7,536	10,773	15,402	16,662	22,018	31,477
Tres Zapotes	Mexico	4,595	2,902	2,405	1,815	1,135	710	444	278	174	156	108	68
Ujjain	India	88,738	87,495	86,993	86,244	85,011	83,796	82,598	81,417	80,253	80,000^[1]
Uruk	Iraq	30	23	21	18	14	11	8	7	5	5	4	3
Varanasi	India	52,195	51,993	51,911	51,788	51,583	51,380	51,177	50,975	50,774	50,730	50,574	50,374
Wanxian (Wanzhou)	China	100,000^[1]
Xi'an see Chang'an	China
Xuchang	China	9,153	14,312	17,177	22,584	35,635	56,229	88,725	140,000^[1]
Ye	China	3,347	6,172	7,923	11,523	21,514	40,166	74,988	140,000^[1]	123,382	120,000^[1]	100,000^[1]

Medieval

Settlement	Modern location	500	550	600	622	641	650	700	750	752	775	800	850	900	950
Aleppo	Syria	56,481	62,389	68,916	72,000^[1]	71,444	71,182	69,745	68,337	68,281	67,644	66,957	65,606	64,281	62,984
Alexandria	Egypt	107,395	101,689	96,285	94,000^[1]	98,078	100,072	111,907	125,141	125,702	132,335	139,941	156,492	175,000^[1]
Angkor	Cambodia											1	300	90,000^[1]
Anhilpur (Patan)	India							1 (745)	1	1	8	54	2,096	80,000^[1]
Antioch	Turkey	150,000^[1]
Anuradhapura	Sri Lanka	70,927	70,546	70,166	70,000^[1]
Ayodhya	India	75,000^[1]
Babylon	Iraq	13	7	4	3	3	2	1	1
Badami	India	1 (540)	3	3,509	70,000^[1]
Baghdad	Iraq							1 (734)	190	368	700,000^[1]	958,333^[1]
Bacalar	Mexico	45,000^[1]
Basra	Iraq				1 (636)	1	2	89	2,989	3,440	17,290	100,000^[1]
Beijing	China	15,381	21,013	28,707	32,931	37,077	39,218	53,579	73,197	74,117	85,555	100,000^[1]
Carthage	Tunisia	100,000^[1]	5,462	298	83	27	16	1 (698)
Chang'an (Xi'an)	China	289,794	356,925	466,667	508,005	565,612	595,737	804,253	913,686	918,647	979,381	800,000^[1]	663,324	550,000^[1]
Chengdu	China	94,584	95,559	96,555	97,000	97,714	98,056	100,000^[1]	100,000	100,000	100,000	100,000^[1]
Chunar	India													72,000^[1]
Constantinople (Istanbul)	Turkey	425,000^[1]	319,252	254,265	247,051	235,255	229,872	202,206
Copán	Honduras	8	39	170	327	574	748	3,281	14,378	15,253	30,097	63,000^[1]	17,748	5,000^[11]
Córdoba	Spain	14,541	21,686	32,342	38,561	44,886	48,234	71,936	107,283	109,012	131,016	160,000^[1]	173,205	187,500^[1]
Ctesiphon	Iraq	400,000^[1]	438,305	480,279	500,000^[1]	53,973	18,803	53	1 (734)
Dali	China													95,000^[1]
Datong	China	200,000^[1]
El Tajín	Mexico	32,494	35,383	38,528	40,000^[1]	40,000	40,000	40,000	40,000	40,000	40,000	40,000^[1]	44,721	50,000^[1]	9,705
Ephesus	Turkey	8,144	5,005	3,076	2,483	2,064	1,890	1,162	714	700	559	439	269	165	101
Fustat	Egypt					1	1	71	2,677	3,094	16,362	100,000^[1]	122,474	150,000^[1]	158,883
Gao	Mali											72,000^[1]
Guangzhou	China	13,475	26,448	51,913	69,846	90,248	101,895	200,000^[1]	200,000	200,000	200,000	200,000^[1]
Gwalior	India	65,000^[1]
Heliopolis	Egypt	1	1	1	1	1	1
Istanbul see Constantinople	Turkey
Jerusalem	Israel	37	57	87	105	123	133	203	309	315	382	472	720	1,098	1,674
Kanchipuram	India	56,000^[1]	61,362	67,239	70,000^[1]	67,673	66,598	60,930	55,744	55,546	53,319	51,000^[1]
Kannauj	India				120,000^[1]	114,917	112,585	100,465	89,650	89,243	84,688	80,000^[1]	80,000	80,000^[1]
Kyoto	Japan										200,000^[1]	150,000^[1]	173,205	200,000^[1]
Lhasa	China				1 (637)	1	2	85	2,925	3,369	17,105	100,000^[1]
Luoyang	China	350,000	350,000	350,000	350,000	354,423	356,586	369,444	357,459	357,075	353,171	350,000^[1]	247,487	175,000^[1]
Madurai	India	13,338	26,314	51,911	70,000^[1]	70,000	70,000	70,000	70,000	70,000	70,000	70,000^[1]
Mandsaur	India	63,000^[1]
Manyakheta	India											1 (814)	123	100,000^[1]
Memphis	Egypt	4	2	1	1	1
Nanjing	China	325,000^[1]
Nara	Japan							1 (710)	166	215	4,084	100,000^[1]
Nippur	Iraq	2	1	1	1	1	1	1
Pataliputra	India	119,930	110,657	102,101	98,549	95,581	94,206	86,922	80,201	79,943	77,038	74,000^[1]
Patan see Anhilpur	India
Patna see Pataliputra	India
Pingcheng see Datong	China
Prambanan	Indonesia											60,000^[1]	60,991	62,000^[1]	1 (930)
Pyay	Myanmar	73,000^[1]	83,049	94,482	100,000^[1]
Rey	Iran	55,394	60,250	65,531	68,000^[1]
Rome	Italy	50,000^[7]	47,834	45,762	44,880	44,131	43,780	41,884	40,070	40,000^[7]	40,000	40,000^[1]^[7]
Sialkot	Pakistan	85,000^[1]
Susa	Iran	26	21	16	15	13	13	10	8	8	7	6	5	4	3
Suzhou	China	93,795	95,474	97,193	95,334	93,809	93,113	89,524	90,743	90,792	91,367	92,000	91,243	90,500
Taiyuan	China	22,811	33,007	47,761	56,192	64,662	69,109	100,000^[1]	100,000	100,000	100,000	100,000^[1]
Taxila	Pakistan	1
Teotihuacan	Mexico	125,000^[1]	92,527	68,490	60,000^[1]
Tikal	Guatemala	45,000^[1]	44,125	43,267	42,895	42,576	42,426	41,601	40,792	40,760	40,394	40,000^[1]	1,169	34	1
Tres Zapotes	Mexico	42	26	16	13	11	10	6	4	4	3	2	1	1
Uruk	Iraq	2	2	1	1	1	1	1
Varanasi	India	50,176	49,978	49,780	49,694	49,619	49,584	49,388	49,194	49,186	49,096	49,000^[1]	53,768	59,000^[1]
Xi'an see Chang'an	China

Settlement	Modern location	1000	1050	1100	1150	1200	1218	1244	1250	1300	1347	1350
Aleppo	Syria	61,712	60,466	59,246	58,050	56,878	56,462	55,866	55,730	54,604	53,568	53,502
El Tajín	Mexico	1,883	365	70	13	2	1	1 (1230)
Ephesus	Turkey	62	38	23	14	8	7	5	5	3	2	2
Fustat	Egypt	168,293	178,260	188,817	200,000^[12]	1 (1168)
Jerusalem	Israel	2,553	3,893	5,935	9,050	13,798	16,061	2,000^[9]
Susa	Iran	2	2	1	1	1	1

Renaissance-Early Modern

Settlement	Modern location	1400	1425	1450	1475	1500	1516	1519	1525	1527	1550	1575	1590
Aleppo	Syria	52,422	51,890	51,364	50,843	50,327	50,000^[13]
Ephesus	Turkey	1	1

Integrations of multiple sources

Alexandria
Source	-300	-270	-250	-200	-150	-100	-50	-44	1	50	70	100
Chandler	150,000	184,671	212,132	300,000^[1]	290,991	282,253	273,777	272,777	265,556	257,739	254,615	250,000^[1]
Modelski	150,000	227,357	300,000	600,000^[1]	452,411	341,127
Morris	150,000^[1]	184,671	212,132	300,000^[1]	346,410	400,000^[1]	355,445	350,444	315,854	281,336	268,356	250,000
AVERAGE	150,000	198,900	241,421	400,000	363,271	341,127	314,611	311,611	290,705	269,538	261,486	250,000

Antioch
Source	-200	-150	-100	-50	-44	1	50	70	100
Chandler	120,000^[1]	124,562	129,298	134,214	134,816	139,316	144,505	146,678	150,000^[1]
Morris	120,000	219,089	400,000^[1]	312,631	303,521	244,346	191,919	173,903	*150,000^[1]*
AVERAGE	120,000	171,826	264,649	223,423	219,169	191,831	168,212	160,291	150,000

Babylon
Source	-1800	-1783	-1759	-1700	-1600	-1550	-1500	-1480	-1400	-1360	-1300	-1200	-1155	-1136	-1100	-1060
Chandler	65,000	64,559	63,942	62,449	60,000^[1]	58,578	57,191	56,645	54,513	53,478	51,961	49,528	48,471	48,032	47,210	46,313
Modelski												64,764	71,414	74,422	80,476	87,780
Morris	65,000^[1]	65,383	65,928	67,288	69,658	70,874	72,111	72,611	74,650	75,690	77,278	80,000^[1]	82,723	83,900	86,177	88,779
AVERAGE	65,000	64,971	64,935	64,869	64,829	64,726	64,651	64,628	64,582	64,719	64,620	64,764	67,536	68,785	71,288	74,291
Source	-1000	-950	-900	-850	-800	-753	-750	-700	-650	-612	-600	-550	-500	-490	-450	-430	-400
Chandler	45,000^[1]	45,491	45,989	46,491	47,000^[1]	50,737	50,985	55,309	60,000^[1]	73,869	78,883	103,710	136,351	144,021	179,265	200,000^[1]	150,000
Modelski	100,000^[1]	93,784	87,955	82,488	77,361
Morris	92,831	96,349	100,000	103,789	107,721	111,554	111,803	116,039	120,436	123,889	125,000^[1]	136,930	150,000^[1]	150,000	150,000	150,000	150,000^[1]
AVERAGE	79,277	78,541	77,981	77,589	77,361	81,146	81,394	85,674	90,218	98,879	101,942	120,320	143,176	147,011	164,633	175,000	150,000

Baghdad
Source	800	850	900
Chandler	700,000^[1]	793,725	900,000^[1]
Modelski	958,333	928,708	900,000^[1]
Morris	175,000^[1]
Ring+++	2,000,000^[1]	2,000,000	2,000,000^[1]
AVERAGE	958,333

Chang'an see Xi'an

Chengdu
Source	1	50	70	100	150	200	250	300	350	361
Chandler	100,000	83,666	77,905	70,000^[1]	76,639	78,315	80,027	81,777	83,565	83,964
Modelski	100,000^[1]	100,000	100,000	100,000	100,000	100,000	100,000	100,000	100,000	100,000
AVERAGE	100,000	91,833	88,953	85,000	88,320	89,158	90,014	90,889	91,783	91,982
Source	400	450	500	550	600	622	641	650	700
Chandler	85,392	87,259	89,167	91,117	93,109	94,000^[1]	95,427	96,111	100,000
Modelski	100,000	100,000	100,000	100,000	100,000	100,000	100,000	100,000	100,000^[1]
AVERAGE	92,696	93,630	94,584	95,559	96,555	97,000	97,714	98,056	100,000

Istanbul
Source	500	550	600	622	641	650	700	750	752	775	800	850	900
Chandler	400,000^[1]	378,697	358,530	350,000^[1]	331,313	322,813	279,411	241,844	240,451	225,000^[1]	250,000^[1]	273,861	300,000^[1]
Morris	450,000^[1]	259,807	150,000^[1]	144,102	139,196	136,930	125,000^[1]
AVERAGE	425,000	319,252	254,265	247,051	235,255	229,872	202,206

Linzi
Source	-700	-650	-612	-600	-550	-500	-490	-450	-430	-400
Chandler	77,500	80,000^[1]	76,121	74,936	70,193	65,751	64,897	61,589	60,000^[1]	150,000
Modelski	100,000^[1]	100,000^[1]	100,000	100,000^[1]	100,000	100,000^[1]	110,408	164,067	200,000^[1]	200,000^[1]
Morris	55,000^[1]	59,791	63,709	65,000^[1]	72,111	80,000^[1]	81,605	89,442	93,524	100,000^[1]
AVERAGE	77,500	79,930	79,943	79,978	80,768	81,917	85,637	105,033	117,841	150,000

Luoyang
Source	-1000	-950	-900	-850	-800	-753	-750	-700	-650	-612	-600	-550
Chandler	55,000^[1]	53,704	52,440	51,205	50,000^[1]	55,559	55,934	62,573	70,000^[1]	74,448	75,910	82,320
Modelski	100,000^[1]	100,000	100,000	100,000	100,000	100,000	100,000	100,000^[1]	100,000^[1]	100,000	100,000^[1]	141,421
Morris	35,000^[1]	37,416	40,000^[1]	42,426	45,000^[1]	49,450	49,749	55,000^[1]	59,791	63,709	65,000^[1]	72,391
AVERAGE	63,333	63,707	64,146	64,543	65,000	68,336	68,561	72,524	76,597	79,386	80,303	99,044
Source	-500	-490	-450	-430	-400	-350	-300	-270	-250	-200	-150	-100	-50	-44
Chandler	89,271	90,730	96,809	100,000^[1]	93,554	83,721	74,921	70,092	67,046	60,000^[1]	83,075	115,025	159,262	165,604
Modelski	200,000^[1]	200,000	200,000	200,000^[1]	240,000^[1]	240,000	240,000^[1]	235,663	232,816	225,848	219,089	212,531	206,170	205,420
Morris	80,622	82,377	89,790	93,742	100,000^[1]	111,803	125,000^[1]	125,711	126,188	127,387	128,598	129,820	131,054	131,203
AVERAGE	123,298	124,369	128,866	131,247	144,518	145,174	146,640	143,822	142,016	137,745	143,587	152,459	165,495	167,342
Source	1	50	70	100	150	200	250	300	350	361	400	450
Chandler	220,513	303,339	345,506	420,000^[1]	382,799	348,894	317,992	289,827	264,157	258,822	240,760	219,435
Modelski	200,000^[1]	288,743	335,433	420,000^[1]	368,911	324,037	284,621	250,000^[1]	223,606	218,185	200,000^[1]	316,227
Morris	132,300	133,532	134,038	134,801	136,082	137,376	138,681	140,000^[1]	175,650	184,639	220,380
AVERAGE	184,271	241,871	271,655	324,934	295,931	270,102	247,098	226,609	221,138	220,549	220,380	267,831
Source	500	550	600	622	641	650	700	750	752	775	800
Chandler	200,000^[1]	200,000	200,000	200,000^[1]	208,846	213,171	238,887	267,705	268,927	283,393	300,000^[1]
Modelski	500,000^[1]	500,000	500,000^[1]	500,000	500,000	500,000	500,000^[1]	447,213	445,222	422,948	400,000^[1]
AVERAGE	350,000	350,000	350,000	350,000	354,423	356,586	369,444	357,459	357,075	353,171	350,000

Memphis, Egypt
Source	-2000	-1900	-1800	-1783	-1759	-1700	-1600	-1550	-1500	-1480	-1400	-1360	-1300	-1200	-1155	-1136	-1100	-1060	-1000
Chandler (+Etext)	60,000^[1]	51,961	45,000^[1]	42,344	38,859	31,464	22,000^[1]	23,786	25,717	26,533	30,062	32,000^[1]	37,829	50,000^[1]	46,144	44,606	41,833	38,952	35,000^[1]
Modelski	60,000^[1]	42,426	30,000^[1]	30,777	31,909	34,872	40,536	43,703	47,119	48,559	54,772	58,170	63,667	74,008	79,193	81,491	86,028	91,365	100,000^[1]
AVERAGE	60,000	47,189	37,500	36,561	35,384	33,168	31,268	33,745	36,418	37,546	42,417	45,085	50,748	62,004	62,669	63,049	63,931	65,159	67,500

Nanjing
Source	100	150	200	250	300	350	361	400	450	500
Chandler	78,000^[1]	88,409	100,208	113,582	128,740	145,922	150,000^[1]	150,000	150,000	150,000^[1]
Modelski	78,000	82,998	88,317	93,977	100,000^[1]	173,205	195,453	300,000^[1]	387,298	500,000^[1]
AVERAGE	78,000	85,704	94,263	103,780	114,370	159,564	172,727	225,000	268,649	325,000

Rome
Source	-270	-250	-200	-150	-100	-50	-44
Chandler (+Etext)	100,000	113,339	155,000^[1]	185,240	221,381	264,573	270,292
De Kleijn	100,000^[7]	120,845	194,004	311,451	500,000^[7]	928,424	1,000,000^[7]
Modelski							646,163
Morris			174,502	264,198	400,000^[1]	632,455	668,199
AVERAGE	100,000	117,092	174,502	253,630	373,794	608,484	646,163
Source	1	50	70	100	150	200	250	300	350	361	400	450
Chandler	316,192	376,537	404,361	450,000^[1]	496,263	547,283	603,547	665,597	734,025	750,000^[1]	950,000
De Kleijn	1,166,589	1,384,970	1,485,449	1,650,000^[7]	1,523,730	1,407,124	1,299,442	1,200,000^[7]	1,148,912	1,137,968	1,100,000^[7]	80,000^[7]
Modelski	800,000^[1]	893,419	934,616	1,000,000^[1]	992,371	984,802
Morris	1,000,000^[1]	1,000,000	1,000,000	1,000,000^[1]	1,000,000	1,000,000^[1]	894,427	800,000^[1]	800,000	800,000	800,000^[1]	80,000
AVERAGE	820,695	913,732	956,107	1,025,000	1,003,091	984,802	932,472	888,532	894,312	895,989	950,000	80,000

Seleucia
Source	-200	-150	-100	-50	-44	1
Chandler (+Etext)	200,000^[1]	211,474	223,606	236,435	238,023	250,000^[1]
Morris	200,000	282,842	400,000^[1]	316,227	307,434	250,000
AVERAGE	200,000	247,158	311,803	276,331	272,729	250,000

Suzhou
Source	-430	-400	-350	-300	-270	-250	-200	-150	-100	-50	-44
Chandler	60,000^[1]	60,750	62,022	63,320	64,113	64,646	66,000^[1]	70,144	74,549	79,231	79,812
Modelski	60,000	100,000^[1]	100,000	100,000^[1]	100,610	101,019	102,048	103,088	104,139	105,200	105,328
AVERAGE	60,000	80,375	81,011	81,660	82,362	82,833	84,024	86,616	89,344	92,216	92,570
Source	1	50	70	100	150	200	250	300	350	361	400	450
Chandler	84,207	89,386	91,590	95,000^[1]	86,431	78,635	71,542	65,089	59,218	58,000^[1]	61,142	65,421
Modelski	106,273	107,334	107,770	108,428	109,533	110,649	111,777	112,916	114,067	114,322	115,230	116,404
AVERAGE	95,240	98,360	99,680	101,714	97,982	94,642	91,660	89,003	86,643	86,161	88,186	90,913
Source	500	550	600	622	641	650	700	750	752	775	800	850	900	950
Chandler	70,000^[1]	72,159	74,386	75,387	76,262	76,681	79,047	81,485	81,584	82,733	84,000^[1]	82,486	81,000^[1]
Modelski	117,590	118,789	120,000^[1]	115,281	111,356	109,544	100,000^[1]	100,000	100,000	100,000	100,000^[1]	100,000	100,000^[1]
AVERAGE	93,795	95,474	97,193	95,334	93,809	93,113	89,524	90,743	90,792	91,367	92,000	91,243	90,500

Thebes, Egypt
Source	-2000	-1900	-1800	-1783	-1759	-1700	-1600	-1550	-1500	-1480	-1400	-1360	-1300	-1200
Chandler (+Etext)	40,000	50,990	65,000^[1]	65,523	66,269	68,140	71,433	73,139	74,885	75,595	78,504	80,000^[1]	59,911	37,000^[1]
Modelski	40,000^[1]	40,000	40,000^[1]	40,944	42,316	45,888	52,642	56,384	60,392	62,073	69,282	73,194	79,480	91,180
Morris			52,500	53,361	54,601	57,774	63,578	66,695	69,965	71,318	76,994	80,000^[1]	80,000	80,000^[1]
AVERAGE	40,000	45,495	52,500	53,276	54,395	57,267	62,551	65,406	68,414	69,662	74,927	77,731	73,130	69,393
Source	-1155	-1136	-1100	-1060	-1000	-950	-900	-850	-800
Chandler	41,251	43,190	47,116	51,899	60,000^[1]	60,000	60,000	60,000	60,000^[1]
Modelski	96,992	99,556	104,602	107,515	120,000^[1]	81,240	55,000
Morris	71,971	68,829	63,245	57,571	50,000^[1]	50,000	50,000^[1]	54,772	60,000
AVERAGE	70,071	70,525	71,654	72,328	76,667	63,747	55,000	57,386	60,000

Uruk
Source	-4000	-3800	-3700	-3600	-3500	-3400	-3300	-3200	-3100	-3000	-2900	-2800	-2700	-2600	-2500
Modelski	5,000	9,932	14,000^[1]	15,767	17,758	20,000^[1]	26,207	34,371	45,000^[1]	54,513	66,038	80,000^[1]	80,000	80,000^[1]	50,000^[1]
Morris	5,000^[1]	6,839	8,000^[1]	9,319	10,857	12,649	14,736	17,167	20,000	23,299	27,144	31,622	36,840	42,918	50,000^[1]
AVERAGE	5,000	8,386	11,000	12,543	14,308	16,325	20,472	25,769	32,500	38,906	46,591	55,811	58,420	61,459	50,000

Xi'an
Source	-1000	-950	-900	-850	-800	-753	-750	-700	-650	-612	-600	-550
Chandler	55,000^[1]	55,000	55,000	55,000	55,000^[1]	46,865	46,388	39,125	33,000^[1]	40,739	43,541	57,451
Modelski	100,000^[1]	111,803	125,000^[1]	125,000	125,000^[1]	122,834	122,697	120,436	118,217	116,558	116,039	113,901
Morris									75,609	83,643	86,353	98,625
AVERAGE	77,500	83,402	90,000	90,000	90,000	84,850	84,543	79,781	75,609	80,313	81,978	89,992
Source	-500	-490	-450	-430	-400	-350	-300	-270	-250	-200	-150	-100	-50	-44
Chandler	75,804	80,126	100,020	118,120	131,972	174,131	229,758	271,336	303,155	400,000^[1]	306,251	234,474	179,519	173,858
Modelski	111,803	111,388	109,743	108,930	107,721	105,737	103,789	102,637	101,876	100,000^[1]	200,000	400,000^[1]	400,000	400,000
Morris	112,640	115,674	128,648	135,670	146,929	167,809	191,657	207,562	218,893	250,000^[1]	306,186	375,000^[1]	433,012	440,551
AVERAGE	100,082	102,396	112,804	120,907	128,874	149,226	175,068	193,845	207,975	250,000	270,812	336,491	337,510	338,136
Source	1	50	70	100	150	200	250	300	350	361	400	450
Chandler	137,445	105,795	95,076	81,000^[1]	80,807	80,615	80,423	80,232	80,041	80,000^[1]	125,661	224,198
Modelski	400,000^[1]	200,000	151,571	100,000^[1]	100,000	100,000	100,000	100,000	100,000	100,000	100,000^[1]	100,000
Morris	500,000^[1]	351,850	304,837	245,828	171,754	120,000^[1]	129,614	140,000^[1]	178,428	188,208	227,406	289,827
AVERAGE	345,815	219,215	183,828	142,276	117,520	100,205	103,346	106,744	119,490	122,736	151,022	204,675
Source	500	550	600	622	641	650	700	750	752	775	800	850	900	950
Chandler	400,000^[1]	400,000	400,000	400,000^[1]	448,205	473,026	638,162	860,948	871,322	1,000,000^[1]	600,000^[1]
Modelski	100,000^[1]	200,000	400,000^[1]	489,335	582,391	632,455	1,000,000^[1]	1,000,000	1,000,000	1,000,000^[1]	800,000^[1]
Morris	369,382	470,775	600,000^[1]	634,679	666,239	681,731	774,596	880,111	884,619	938,142	1,000,000^[1]
AVERAGE	289,794	356,925	466,667	508,005	565,612	595,737	804,253	913,686	918,647	979,381	800,000

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx ^by ^bz ^ca ^cb ^cc ^cd ^ce ^cf ^cg ^ch ^ci ^cj ^ck ^cl ^cm ^cn ^co ^cp ^cq ^cr ^cs ^ct ^cu ^cv ^cw ^cx ^cy ^cz ^da ^db ^dc ^dd ^de ^df ^dg ^dh ^di ^dj ^dk ^dl ^dm ^dn ^do ^dp ^dq ^dr ^ds ^dt ^du ^dv ^dw ^dx ^dy ^dz ^ea ^eb ^ec ^ed ^ee ^ef ^eg ^eh ^ei ^ej ^ek ^el ^em ^en ^eo ^ep ^eq ^er ^es ^et ^eu ^ev ^ew ^ex ^ey ^ez ^fa ^fb ^fc ^fd ^fe ^ff ^fg ^fh ^fi ^fj ^fk ^fl ^fm ^fn ^fo ^fp ^fq ^fr ^fs ^ft ^fu ^fv ^fw ^fx ^fy ^fz ^ga ^gb ^gc ^gd ^ge ^gf ^gg ^gh ^gi ^gj ^gk ^gl ^gm ^gn ^go ^gp ^gq ^gr ^gs ^gt ^gu ^gv ^gw ^gx ^gy ^gz ^ha ^hb ^hc ^hd ^he ^hf ^hg ^hh ^hi ^hj ^hk ^hl ^hm ^hn ^ho ^hp ^hq ^hr ^hs ^ht ^hu ^hv ^hw ^hx ^hy ^hz ^ia ^ib ^ic ^id ^ie ^if ^ig ^ih ⁱⁱ ^ij ^ik ^il ^im ⁱⁿ ^io ^ip ^iq ^ir ^is ^it ^iu ^iv ^iw ^ix ^iy ^iz ^ja ^jb ^jc ^jd ^je ^jf ^jg ^jh ^ji ^jj ^jk ^jl ^jm ^jn ^jo ^jp ^jq ^jr ^js ^jt ^ju ^jv ^jw ^jx ^jy ^jz ^ka ^kb ^kc ^kd ^ke ^kf ^kg ^kh ^ki ^kj ^kk ^kl ^km ^kn ^ko ^kp ^kq ^kr ^ks ^kt ^ku ^kv ^kw ^kx ^ky ^kz ^la ^lb ^lc ^ld ^le ^lf ^lg ^lh ^li ^lj ^lk ^ll ^lm ^ln ^lo ^lp ^lq ^lr ^ls ^lt ^lu ^lv ^lw ^lx ^ly ^lz ^ma ^mb ^mc ^md ^me ^mf ^mg ^mh ^mi ^mj ^mk ^ml ^mm ^mn ^mo ^mp ^mq ^mr ^ms ^mt ^mu ^mv ^mw ^mx ^my ^mz ^na ^nb ^nc ^nd ^ne ^nf ^ng ^nh ⁿⁱ ^nj ^nk ^nl ^nm ⁿⁿ ^no ^np ^nq ^nr ^ns ^nt ^nu ^nv ^nw ^nx ^ny ^nz ^oa ^ob ^oc ^od ^oe ^of ^og ^oh ^oi ^oj ^ok ^ol ^om ^on ^oo ^op ^oq ^or ^os ^ot ^ou ^ov ^ow ^ox ^oy ^oz ^pa ^pb ^pc ^pd ^pe ^pf ^pg ^ph ^pi ^pj ^pk ^pl ^pm ^pn ^po ^pp ^pq ^pr ^ps ^pt ^pu ^pv ^pw ^px ^py ^pz ^qa ^qb ^qc ^qd ^qe ^qf ^qg ^qh ^qi ^qj ^qk ^ql ^qm ^qn ^qo ^qp ^qq ^qr ^qs ^qt ^qu ^qv ^qw ^qx ^qy ^qz ^ra ^rb ^rc ^rd ^re ^rf ^rg ^rh ^ri ^rj ^rk Historical urban community sizes (Note: see this revision for some figures; I'm cheating a bit.)
^ ^a ^b ^c 'Ain Ghazal: Population was 3000 in -7000 and decreased to 1/6 of its former size within a few generations of -6500
^ Çatalhöyük
^ ^a ^b Jericho
^ Antioch
^ ^a ^b Jerusalem during the Second Temple Period
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l History of Rome
^ I'm giving Ctesiphon special treatment because I want Seleucia-Ctesiphon to have a continuous presence on the list. At 100 CE I'm estimating Ctesiphon's population to be 1/4 of Seleucia's (a growing suburb, but nothing to gape at) and interpolating from there.
^ ^a ^b History of Jerusalem (Middle Ages) (Note: for 1244, I am taking the word "decimated" literally until I find a better source.)
^ Teotihuacan
^ Copán
^ Fustat
^ Aleppo

[historical-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx ^by ^bz ^ca ^cb ^cc ^cd ^ce ^cf ^cg ^ch ^ci ^cj ^ck ^cl ^cm ^cn ^co ^cp ^cq ^cr ^cs ^ct ^cu ^cv ^cw ^cx ^cy ^cz ^da ^db ^dc ^dd ^de ^df ^dg ^dh ^di ^dj ^dk ^dl ^dm ^dn ^do ^dp ^dq ^dr ^ds ^dt ^du ^dv ^dw ^dx ^dy ^dz ^ea ^eb ^ec ^ed ^ee ^ef ^eg ^eh ^ei ^ej ^ek ^el ^em ^en ^eo ^ep ^eq ^er ^es ^et ^eu ^ev ^ew ^ex ^ey ^ez ^fa ^fb ^fc ^fd ^fe ^ff ^fg ^fh ^fi ^fj ^fk ^fl ^fm ^fn ^fo ^fp ^fq ^fr ^fs ^ft ^fu ^fv ^fw ^fx ^fy ^fz ^ga ^gb ^gc ^gd ^ge ^gf ^gg ^gh ^gi ^gj ^gk ^gl ^gm ^gn ^go ^gp ^gq ^gr ^gs ^gt ^gu ^gv ^gw ^gx ^gy ^gz ^ha ^hb ^hc ^hd ^he ^hf ^hg ^hh ^hi ^hj ^hk ^hl ^hm ^hn ^ho ^hp ^hq ^hr ^hs ^ht ^hu ^hv ^hw ^hx ^hy ^hz ^ia ^ib ^ic ^id ^ie ^if ^ig ^ih ⁱⁱ ^ij ^ik ^il ^im ⁱⁿ ^io ^ip ^iq ^ir ^is ^it ^iu ^iv ^iw ^ix ^iy ^iz ^ja ^jb ^jc ^jd ^je ^jf ^jg ^jh ^ji ^jj ^jk ^jl ^jm ^jn ^jo ^jp ^jq ^jr ^js ^jt ^ju ^jv ^jw ^jx ^jy ^jz ^ka ^kb ^kc ^kd ^ke ^kf ^kg ^kh ^ki ^kj ^kk ^kl ^km ^kn ^ko ^kp ^kq ^kr ^ks ^kt ^ku ^kv ^kw ^kx ^ky ^kz ^la ^lb ^lc ^ld ^le ^lf ^lg ^lh ^li ^lj ^lk ^ll ^lm ^ln ^lo ^lp ^lq ^lr ^ls ^lt ^lu ^lv ^lw ^lx ^ly ^lz ^ma ^mb ^mc ^md ^me ^mf ^mg ^mh ^mi ^mj ^mk ^ml ^mm ^mn ^mo ^mp ^mq ^mr ^ms ^mt ^mu ^mv ^mw ^mx ^my ^mz ^na ^nb ^nc ^nd ^ne ^nf ^ng ^nh ⁿⁱ ^nj ^nk ^nl ^nm ⁿⁿ ^no ^np ^nq ^nr ^ns ^nt ^nu ^nv ^nw ^nx ^ny ^nz ^oa ^ob ^oc ^od ^oe ^of ^og ^oh ^oi ^oj ^ok ^ol ^om ^on ^oo ^op ^oq ^or ^os ^ot ^ou ^ov ^ow ^ox ^oy ^oz ^pa ^pb ^pc ^pd ^pe ^pf ^pg ^ph ^pi ^pj ^pk ^pl ^pm ^pn ^po ^pp ^pq ^pr ^ps ^pt ^pu ^pv ^pw ^px ^py ^pz ^qa ^qb ^qc ^qd ^qe ^qf ^qg ^qh ^qi ^qj ^qk ^ql ^qm ^qn ^qo ^qp ^qq ^qr ^qs ^qt ^qu ^qv ^qw ^qx ^qy ^qz ^ra ^rb ^rc ^rd ^re ^rf ^rg ^rh ^ri ^rj ^rk Historical urban community sizes (Note: see this revision for some figures; I'm cheating a bit.)

[ainghazal-2] 'Ain Ghazal: Population was 3000 in -7000 and decreased to 1/6 of its former size within a few generations of -6500

[3] Çatalhöyük

[jericho-4] Jericho

[antioch-5] Antioch

[second-temple-6] Jerusalem during the Second Temple Period

[historyrome-7] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l History of Rome

[8] I'm giving Ctesiphon special treatment because I want Seleucia-Ctesiphon to have a continuous presence on the list. At 100 CE I'm estimating Ctesiphon's population to be 1/4 of Seleucia's (a growing suburb, but nothing to gape at) and interpolating from there.

[jerusalem-medieval-9] History of Jerusalem (Middle Ages) (Note: for 1244, I am taking the word "decimated" literally until I find a better source.)

[10] Teotihuacan

[11] Copán

[12] Fustat

[aleppo-13] Aleppo

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[11]