2015 Chicago mayoral election

An election took place on February 24, 2015, to elect the mayor of Chicago. The election was non-partisan and no candidate received a majority. A runoff election was held between the top two finishers (both Democrats) on April 7, 2015, and resulted in the reelection of incumbent mayor Rahm Emanuel.[5] The elections were concurrent with the 2015 Chicago aldermanic elections.

2015 Chicago mayoral election

← 2011 February 24 and April 7, 2015 2019 →
Turnout33.65%[1][2] Decrease 8.34 pp (first round)
40.98%[3][4] Increase 7.07 pp (second round)
 
Nominee Rahm Emanuel Chuy García
First round 218,217
45.63%
160,414
33.55%
Runoff 332,171
56.23%
258,562
43.77%

 
Nominee Willie Wilson Bob Fioretti
First round 50,960
10.66%
35,363
7.39%
Runoff Eliminated Eliminated

Emanuel:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90%
García:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90%
Tie:      50%

Mayor before election

Rahm Emanuel

Elected Mayor

Rahm Emanuel

Emanuel ran for reelection, seeking a second term in office. In the first round, Emanuel received 46% of the vote and Democratic Cook County Commissioner Jesús "Chuy" García received 34%. Because no candidate received a majority, a runoff was held. In the runoff, Emanuel received 56.23% of the vote, winning the election. Garcia received 43.77% of the vote.[6] 2015 was the first time the election advanced to a runoff since mayoral elections became non-partisan in 1999.

Candidates

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Write-in candidates

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  • William H. Calloway[2]
  • Christopher Ware[2]
  • Mary Vann[2]

Withdrew

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Removed

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  • Fenton Patterson, perennial candidate[7][15]

Declined

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General election

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Endorsements

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Rahm Emanuel

Officeholders

Media

Organizations

Robert Fioretti

Individuals

Organizations

  • Chicago Police Sergeants Association[31]
  • Green Party of Chicago[31]
  • Progressive Caucus of the Chicago City Council[31]
Jesús "Chuy" García

Officeholders

Individuals

Media

Organizations

William "Dock" Walls

Media

Willie Wilson

Politicians

Polling

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Poll source Date(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin of
error
Rahm
Emanuel
Robert
Fioretti
Jesús
García
William
Walls
Willie
Wilson
Other Undecided
Ogden & Fry[42] February 22, 2015 737 ± 3.68% 48.3% 6.8% 26.5% 3.3% 15.2%
APC Research[43] February ? 2015 709 ± 3.7% 45% 7% 20% 2% 7% 18%
Ogden & Fry[44] February 14, 2015 736 ± 3.69% 49.2% 8.6% 23.0% 4.9% 14.4%
Ogden & Fry[45] January 31, 2015 884 ± 3.36% 41.7% 6.7% 16.6% 1.7% 9.7% 23.5%
APC Research[46] January 22–27, 2015 708 ± 3.7% 42% 10% 18% 2% 7% 20%
Ogden & Fry[47] January 24, 2015 950 ± 3.24% 39.5% 7.5% 18% 1.8% 11.1% 22.2%
Lake Research Partners[48] January 15–19, 2015 600 ± 4% 38% 8% 16% 1% 5% 30%
Ogden & Fry[47] January 17, 2015 1,010 ± 3.15% 38% 6.7% 16.4% 1.5% 10.6% 26.7%
GQR*[49] January 3–6, 2015 600 ± 4% 50% 10% 22% 2% 7% 9%
GQR*[49] December 2014 600 ± 4% 48% 13% 21% 18%
David Binder Research[50] November 23–25, 2014 800 ± 3.5% 44% 15% 16% 7% 18%
Lake Research Partners[51] November 2014 621 ± 3.9% 33% 13% 18% 36%
  • * Internal poll for the Rahm Emanuel campaign
Hypothetical polling
Poll source Date(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin of
error
Rahm
Emanuel
Robert
Fioretti
Karen
Lewis
Toni
Preckwinkle
Robert
Shaw
Undecided
McKeon[52] May 7, 2014 511 ± 4.2% 29% 5% 10% 26% 3% 27%
Poll source Date(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin of
error
Rahm
Emanuel
Karen
Lewis
"Qualified
Republican"
Undecided
Ogden & Fry[53] August 9, 2014 1,152 ±2.9% 33.9% 20.6% 14.3% 31.3%

Results

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Chicago mayoral election, 2015[2][54]
Party Candidate Votes %
Nonpartisan Rahm Emanuel (incumbent) 218,217 45.63%
Nonpartisan Jesús "Chuy" García 160,414 33.55%
Nonpartisan Willie Wilson 50,960 10.66%
Nonpartisan Robert W. "Bob" Fioretti 35,363 7.39%
Nonpartisan William "Dock" Walls, III 13,250 2.77%
Write-in Christopher Ware 40 0.01%
Write-in William H. Calloway 9 0.00%
Write-in Mary Vann 3 0.00%
Total votes 478,256 100.00%

Results by ward

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[1]

  Emanuel
  García
Ward Emanuel votes Emanuel % Wilson votes Wilson % Fioretti votes Fioretti % García votes García % Walls votes Walls % Total votes Turnout
1st 3,349 39.60% 260 3.07% 618 7.31% 4,128 48.81% 103 1.22% 8,458 28.93%
2nd 6,727 64.47% 331 3.17% 863 8.27% 2,428 23.27% 85 0.81% 10,434 32.17%
3rd 5,223 49.07% 1,768 16.61% 954 8.96% 2,211 20.77% 489 4.59% 10,645 33.12%
4th 5,329 44.56% 1,703 14.24% 942 7.88% 3,396 28.40% 588 4.92% 11,958 39.01%
5th 5,088 44.00% 1,494 12.92% 533 4.61% 3,890 33.64% 588 4.83% 11,563 39.44%
6th 4,703 42.63% 2,569 23.28% 519 4.70% 2,525 22.89% 717 6.50% 11,033 32.78%
7th 4,690 43.76% 2,294 21.40% 439 4.10% 2,595 24.21% 700 6.53% 10,718 33.07%
8th 5,938 43.39% 2,987 21.83% 569 4.16% 3,289 24.03% 903 6.60% 13,686 36.50%
9th 5,186 43.30% 2,873 23.99% 517 4.32% 2,625 21.92% 777 6.49% 11,978 32.86%
10th 3,586 37.74% 482 5.07% 816 8.59% 4,501 47.37% 116 1.22% 9,501 37.15%
11th 4,711 48.93% 253 2.63% 1,440 14.95% 3,140 32.61% 85 0.88% 9,629 37.81%
12th 1,284 25.70% 96 1.92% 241 4.82% 3,335 66.74% 41 0.82% 4,997 27.87%
13th 5,822 52.04% 210 1.88% 1,021 9.13% 4,067 36.35% 67 0.60% 11,187 46.75%
14th 2,293 37.99% 107 1.77% 448 7.42% 3,151 52.20% 37 0.61% 6,036 33.87%
15th 1,403 30.02% 599 12.82% 156 3.34% 2,394 51.23% 121 2.59% 4,673 25.63%
16th 2,451 39.88% 1,641 26.70% 211 3.43% 1,552 25.25% 291 4.73% 6,146 23.57%
17th 3,499 40.08% 2,313 26.50% 323 3.70% 2,092 23.97% 502 5.75% 8,729 28.53%
18th 4,794 38.99% 2,043 16.62% 800 6.51% 3,988 32.44% 669 5.44% 12,294 38.68%
19th 7,613 41.95% 1,139 6.28% 2,503 13.79% 6,509 35.87% 383 2.11% 18,147 51.83%
20th 2,808 40.59% 1,693 24.47% 231 3.34% 1,798 25.99% 388 5.61% 6,918 26.96%
21st 5,698 42.56% 3,249 24.27% 533 3.98% 2,973 22.20% 936 6.99% 13,389 35.01%
22nd 1,127 21.18% 279 5.24% 137 2.57% 3,711 69.73% 68 1.28% 5,322 28.15%
23rd 3,868 40.19% 232 2.41% 1308 13.59% 4,165 43.27% 52 0.54% 9,625 42.97%
24th 2,653 36.50% 2,209 30.39% 324 4.46% 1,701 23.40% 381 5.24% 7,268 27.07%
25th 2,586 33.40% 263 3.40% 497 6.42% 4,331 55.94% 65 0.84% 7,742 30.73%
26th 2,331 34.33% 359 5.29% 348 5.13% 3,665 53.98% 87 1.28% 6,790 27.48%
27th 4,291 48.61% 1,640 18.58% 695 7.87% 1,911 21.65% 290 3.29% 8,827 27.51%
28th 3,084 39.92% 2,043 26.45% 596 7.72% 1,682 21.77% 320 4.14% 7,725 23.84%
29th 4,662 41.99% 2,460 22.16% 723 6.51% 2,748 24.75% 510 4.59% 11,103 32.17%
30th 2,018 39.60% 149 2.92% 391 7.67% 2,489 48.84% 49 0.96% 5,096 23.88%
31st 2,381 40.61% 141 2.40% 291 4.96% 2,996 51.10% 54 0.92% 5,863 27.36%
32nd 4,111 47.61% 188 2.18% 712 8.25% 3,559 41.22% 64 0.74% 8,634 28.34%
33rd 3,332 40.02% 272 3.27% 532 6.39% 4,084 49.06% 105 1.26% 8,325 36.34%
34th 5,722 45.46% 3,127 24.85% 413 3.28% 2,581 20.51% 743 5.90% 12,586 32.72%
35th 2,110 40.02% 188 3.00% 336 5.36% 3,580 57.06% 60 0.96% 6,274 28.72%
36th 2,380 39.31% 281 4.64% 611 10.09% 2,731 45.10% 52 0.86% 6,055 28.44%
37th 3,465 41.38% 2,372 28.33% 373 4.45% 1,754 20.95% 409 4.88% 12,586 40.16%
38th 5,408 48.09% 315 2.80% 1,705 15.16% 3,723 33.11% 95 0.84% 11,246 38.00%
39th 5,499 48.48% 355 3.13% 1,187 10.47% 4,202 37.05% 99 0.87% 11,342 38.93%
40th 4,634 47.26% 300 3.06% 636 6.49% 4136 42.18% 99 1.01% 9,805 35.27%
41st 7,153 47.80% 451 3.01% 2,644 17.67% 4,605 30.77% 112 0.75% 14,965 43.58%
42nd 6,558 73.52% 262 2.94% 548 6.14% 1,476 16.55% 76 0.85% 8,920 28.49%
43rd 7,608 71.97% 283 2.68% 665 6.29% 1,938 18.33% 77 0.73% 10,571 34.94%
44th 6,055 64.25% 211 2.24% 554 554% 2,543 26.98% 61 0.65% 9,424 31.62%
45th 6,243 48.06% 406 3.13% 1,682 12.95% 4,545 34.99% 115 0.89% 12,991 41.65%
46th 6,079 57.55% 520 4.92% 518 4.90% 3,316 31.39% 130 1.23% 10,563 36.84%
47th 6,427 51.47% 267 2.14 721 5.77% 4,985 39.92% 88 0.70% 12,488 37.59%
48th 5,906 52.33% 450 3.99% 560 4.96% 4,220 37.39% 150 1.33% 11,286 37.89%
49th 3,941 44.10% 492 5.51% 431 4.82% 3,893 43.57% 179 2.00% 8,936 35.60%
50th 4,390 55.29% 341 4.29% 548 6.90% 2,557 32.20% 104 1.31% 7,940 31.87%

Runoff

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Endorsements

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Rahm Emanuel

Officeholders

Organizations

Media

Jesús "Chuy" García

Officeholders

Individuals

Media

Organizations

Declined to endorse

Individuals

Organizations

Polling

edit
Poll source Date(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin of
error
Rahm
Emanuel
Jesús
García
Undecided
Ogden & Fry[80] March 21, 2015 951 ± 3.24% 48.5% 32.1% 18.4%
We Ask America[81] March 16, 2015 1,374 ± 3% 51% 36% 12%
Ogden & Fry[82] March 15, 2015 920 ± 3.3% 55% 45% 0%
APC Research Inc.[83] March 13, 2015 712 ± 3.7% 51% 37% 11%
Ogden & Fry[84] March 7, 2015 1,020 ± 3.13% 43.5% 38% 18%
We Ask America[85] February 28, 2015 1,138 ± 2.9% 49% 38% 14%
Ogden & Fry[86] February 28, 2015 979 ± 3.2% 42.9% 38.5% 18.6%
Ogden & Fry[86] February 25, 2015 1,058 ± 3.07% 42.7% 38.7% 18.6%
GSG[87] February 25, 2015 2,659 ± 1.9% 50.4% 39.8% 9.8%
Ogden & Fry[47] January 24, 2015 950 ± 3.24% 54.9% 45.1%
Lake Research Partners[48] January 15–19, 2015 600 ± 4% 44% 28% 27%
David Binder Research[88] November 23–25, 2014 800 ± 3.5% 49% 37% 14%
Lake Research Partners[89] November 2014 621 ± 3.9% 36% 31% 23%
Hypothetical polling
Poll source Date(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin of
error
Rahm
Emanuel
Karen
Lewis
Undecided
APC Research[90] August 6–12, 2014 800 ± 3.5% 39% 43% 14%
David Binder Research[91] July 24–27, 2014 600 ± ? 45% 33% 22%
We Ask America[92] July 9, 2014 1,037 ± 3.04% 36.44% 45.35% 18.21%
Poll source Date(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin of
error
Rahm
Emanuel
Toni
Preckwinkle
Undecided
We Ask America[92] July 9, 2014 1,037 ± 3.04% 30.98% 55.23% 13.79%
Strive Strategies[93] March 25–26, 2014 724 ± 3.49% 32% 40% 28%
Poll source Date(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin of
error
Rahm
Emanuel
Robert
Shaw
Undecided
We Ask America[92] July 9, 2014 1,037 ± 3.04% 47.66% 29.55% 22.79%
Poll source Date(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin of
error
Rahm
Emanuel
Robert
Fioretti
Undecided
David Binder Research[91] July 24–27, 2014 600 ± ? 46% 27% 27%
We Ask America[92] July 9, 2014 1,037 ± 3.04% 45.08% 30.63% 24.29%
  • * Internal poll for the Rahm Emanuel campaign

Results

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Chicago mayoral election, 2015[4][94]
Party Candidate Votes %
Nonpartisan Rahm Emanuel (incumbent) 332,171 56.23%
Nonpartisan Jesús "Chuy" García 258,562 43.77%
Total votes 590,733 100.00%

Results by ward

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[94]

  Emanuel
  García
Ward Emanuel votes Emanuel % García votes García % Total votes Turnout
1st 4,748 44.26% 5,979 55.74% 10,727 35.87%
2nd 10,931 77.17% 3,233 22.83% 14,164 42.84%
3rd 8,557 66.24% 4,362 33.76% 12,919 39.53%
4th 8,244% 58.90% 5,753 41.10% 13,997 44.93%
5th 7,322% 55.15% 5,954 44.85% 13,276 44.58%
6th 7,000% 56.84% 5,315 43.16% 12,315 36.23%
7th 6,948% 56.46% 5,357 43.54% 12,305 37.54%
8th 9,143% 58.51% 6,483 41.49% 15,626 41.38%
9th 7,728% 58.21% 5,548 41.79% 13,276 36.14%
10th 4,672 40.20% 6,951 59.80% 11,623 44.82%
11th 7,679 61.39% 4,829 38.61% 12,508 48.04%
12th 1,757 25.24% 5,204 74.76% 6,961 38.28%
13th 7,887 55.61% 6,295 44.39% 14,182 58.37%
14th 2,962 35.61% 5,355 64.39% 8,317 45.98%
15th 2,014 31.73% 4,333 68.27% 6,347 34.35%
16th 4,023 51.61% 3,772 48.39% 7,795 29.57%
17th 5,484 55.15% 4,459 44.85% 9,943 32.30%
18th 7,571 51.60% 7,101 48.40% 14,672 45.76%
19th 11,972 59.43% 8,172 40.57% 20,144 56.99%
20th 4,355 53.85% 3,733 46.15% 8,088 31.10%
21st 8,864 58.81% 6,208 41.19% 15,072 39.17%
22nd 1,458 19.63% 5,971 80.37% 7,429 38.82%
23rd 4,905 43.36% 6,407 56.64% 11,312 49.67%
24th 4,253 52.34% 3,873 47.66% 8,126 29.90%
25th 3,839 38.49% 6,135 61.51% 9,974 38.76%
26th 2,962 34.81% 5,548 65.19% 8,510 33.80%
27th 6,705 63.90% 3,788 36.10% 10,493 32.18%
28th 5,416 57.55% 3,995 42.45% 9,411 28.67%
29th 7,546 57.27% 5,630 42.73% 13,176 37.77%
30th 3,067 40.95% 4,423 59.05% 7,490 34.67%
31st 3,192 37.74% 5,265 62.26% 8,457 38.81%
32nd 7,808 62.32% 4,721 37.68% 12,529 40.31%
33rd 4,412 44.40% 5,525 55.60% 9,937 42.60%
34th 8,616 61.38% 5,421 38.62% 14,037 36.26%
35th 2,769 34.31% 5,302 65.69% 8,071 36.29%
36th 3,551 42.28% 4,847 57.72% 8,398 38.89%
37th 5,943 58.49% 4,217 41.51% 10,160 32.14%
38th 7,648 60.04% 5,090 39.96% 12,738 42.60%
39th 7,671 58.41% 5,462 41.59% 13,133 44.51%
40th 6,528 53.44% 5,688 46.56% 12,216 43.28%
41st 12,007 63.96% 6,766 36.04% 18,773 53.95%
42nd 11,504 84.93% 2,041 15.07% 13,545 42.43%
43rd 12,335 83.41% 2,454 16.59% 14,789 47.90%
44th 10,063 76.33% 3,120 23.67% 13,183 43.40%
45th 9,341 59.24% 6,427 40.76% 15,768 49.82%
46th 8,723 64.68% 4,764 35.32% 13,487 45.95%
47th 10,169 62.97% 5,980 37.03% 16,149 47.77%
48th 8,503 59.35% 5,823 40.65% 14,326 47.31%
49th 5,127 48.38% 5,471 51.62% 10,598 41.48%
50th 6,249 60.90% 4,012 39.10% 10,261 40.69%

See also

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References

edit
  1. ^ a b "Board of Election Commissioners for the City of Chicago". chicagoelections.gov. Retrieved June 9, 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d e "TABULATED STATEMENT OF THE RETURNS AND PROCLAMATION OF THE RESULTS OF THE CANVASS OF THE ELECTION RETURNS FOR THE FEBRUARY 24, 2015 MUNICIPAL GENERAL ELECTION HELD IN EACH OF THE PRECINCTS IN ALL OF THE WARDS IN THE CITY OF CHICAGO" (PDF). Chicago Board of Elections. Retrieved February 20, 2020.
  3. ^ "Board of Election Commissioners for the City of Chicago". chicagoelections.gov. Retrieved June 9, 2021.
  4. ^ a b "TABULATED STATEMENT OF THE RETURNS AND PROCLAMATION OF THE RESULTS OF THE CANVASS OF THE ELECTION RETURNS FOR THE MUNICIPAL RUNOFF ELECTION HELD IN EACH OF THE PRECINCTS IN ALL OF THE WARDS IN THE CITY OF CHICAGO AND FOR THE SUPLEMENTARY ALDERMANIC ELECTIONS HELD IN WARDS 2, 7, 10, 11, 15, 16, 18, 20 ,21 24, 49, 31, 36, 37, 41, 43, 45, AND 26 IN THE CITY OF CHICAGO ON APRIL 7, 2015" (PDF). Chicago Board of Elections. Retrieved February 20, 2020.
  5. ^ "2015 ELECTION INFORMATION PAMPHLET & CALENDAR" (PDF). ChicagoElections.com. July 29, 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 30, 2014. Retrieved September 17, 2014.
  6. ^ Milkowski, Bill; Kernfeld, Barry (2003), "Bruford, Bill", Oxford Music Online, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.j063600, retrieved June 9, 2021
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Nine Candidates File To Challenge Mayor Emanuel". CBS Chicago. November 24, 2013. Retrieved November 26, 2014.
  8. ^ "Rahm Emanuel's Campaign Fund Runneth Over A Year And A Half Ahead Of 2015 Election". The Huffington Post. October 11, 2013. Retrieved November 25, 2013.
  9. ^ "Help wanted: Petition organizers for Emanuel re-election". Chicago Sun-Times. September 3, 2014. Archived from the original on October 29, 2014. Retrieved October 29, 2014.
  10. ^ "Alderman to kick off campaign against Emanuel". Chicago Tribune. September 13, 2014. Retrieved September 13, 2014.
  11. ^ "Cook County Commissioner Jesus Garcia joins mayor's race". WGNTV. October 28, 2013. Retrieved October 29, 2014.
  12. ^ "Community activist William Dock Walls announces mayoral candidacy". ABC7. August 24, 2014. Retrieved October 15, 2014.
  13. ^ "Chicago mayor's race takes form on last filing day". The Sacramento Bee. November 24, 2014. Archived from the original on November 25, 2014. Retrieved November 25, 2014.
  14. ^ "City Police Officer Running for Mayor Says He'd Fire McCarthy, Byrd-Bennett". DNA Info Chicago. April 11, 2014. Archived from the original on May 16, 2014. Retrieved May 13, 2014.
  15. ^ a b c Municipal General Election Candidate List -- February 2015 Archived 2014-12-04 at the Wayback Machine Chicago Board of Elections. Accessed December 30, 2014
  16. ^ "Amara Enyia runs for mayor! Wait, who?". Chicago Reader. May 21, 2014. Retrieved June 9, 2014.
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  18. ^ "Kelly to make candidacy announcement on April 13". Illinois Review. March 19, 2013. Retrieved July 3, 2014.
  19. ^ "A perfect 10: All in for Chicago mayoral race". Chicago Sun-Times. November 24, 2013. Archived from the original on November 25, 2014. Retrieved November 26, 2014.
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  21. ^ "Dozens quit or knocked off ballot in City Hall races". Crain's Chicago Business. December 30, 2014. Retrieved June 9, 2021.
  22. ^ Ruthhart, Bill. "Garcia seeks support among black voters in Chicago mayor's race". chicagotribune.com. Retrieved June 9, 2021.
  23. ^ a b "Will anyone challenge Mayor Emanuel in 2015? Anyone? Anyone?". Chicago Reader. April 5, 2013. Retrieved November 25, 2013.
  24. ^ "Hairston blasts Emanuel for shuttered South Shore Dominick's". Chicago Sun-Times. May 14, 2014. Archived from the original on June 25, 2014. Retrieved July 3, 2014.
  25. ^ "Karen Lewis Will Not Run For Mayor Against Rahm Emanuel". DNAinfo Chicago. October 13, 2014. Archived from the original on October 15, 2014. Retrieved October 13, 2014.
  26. ^ Ruthart, Bill (July 16, 2014). "What Preckwinkle decision means for mayoral race". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved July 16, 2014.
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  31. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p says, Diane (February 17, 2015). "Mayoral Face Off". South Side Weekly. Retrieved November 21, 2019.
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  34. ^ "The Chicago Defender Endorses Rahm Emanuel for Mayor". Chicago Defender. Archived from the original on December 28, 2018. Retrieved December 28, 2018.
  35. ^ "Chicago's on the right track under Emanuel". Chicago Business. February 5, 2015. Retrieved February 9, 2022.
  36. ^ Vivanco, Leonor (February 12, 2015). "Mayoral candidate Bob Fioretti doesn't mind a political fight". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved February 1, 2020.
  37. ^ a b Mandou, Ashmar (December 18, 2014). "Miguel del Valle Endorses Chuy Garcia for Mayor". Lawndale News. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  38. ^ a b Carlson, Erin (December 1, 2014). "Cook County Clerk David Orr Endorses Garcia for Mayor". NBC Chicago. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  39. ^ a b c Knowles, Francine (June 24, 2016). "Garcia collects endorsements from black leaders". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  40. ^ Farr, Christian; Lutz, BJ (December 30, 2014). "Garcia Lands Endorsement From Black Leaders". NBC Chicago. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  41. ^ "Gazette Endorsement 2015". The Gazette. February 8, 2015. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015.
  42. ^ Ogden & Fry
  43. ^ APC Research
  44. ^ Ogden & Fry
  45. ^ Ogden & Fry
  46. ^ APC Research
  47. ^ a b c Ogden & Fry
  48. ^ a b Lake Research Partners
  49. ^ a b GQR*
  50. ^ David Binder Research
  51. ^ Lake Research Partners
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