The Abbot of Crowland was the head of Crowland Abbey, an English monastery built up around the shrine of Saint Guthlac of Crowland by King Æthelbald of Mercia, and refounded as a Benedictine house circa 948. The last abbot was John Wells (also called John Bridges), who was constrained to surrender the monastery to the king's agents during the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1539.
List of Benedictine abbots of Crowland
edit| Abbots of Crowland | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Incumbent | Dates | Notes | ||
| Thurcytel | ca 948—ca975 | According to the History of Ingulf, the abbey was reformed and refounded in 948, with Thurcytel leaving the service of King Eadred to become its first new abbot.[1] The same claims he died in 975.[1] | ||
| Ægelric I | fl. late 10th century | Ægelric was, according to Orderic Vitalis, Thurcytel's nephew.[2] | ||
| Ægelric II | fl. late 10th century/ early 11th century |
Like Ægelric I, Ægelric II was supposedly a relative of Thurcytel.[2] | ||
| Osketel | fl. ca 1012 | Supposedly died on 7 October.[2] | ||
| Godric | fl. early 11th century | Orderic Vitalis gives his death as 19 January.[3] | ||
| Wulfgeat | fl. early-to-mid-11th century | According to Orderic Vitalis, he was Abbot of Peakirk and had permission from Edward the Confessor to hold both abbeys at once.[3] Died on 7 July.[3] | ||
| Leofric of Peterborough | fl. mid-11th century | According to the Peterborough Chronicle Leofric held Crowland along with four other abbeys.[3] | ||
| Wulfketel | ca 1061—1085x6 | Orderic claims that he appointed abbot by Edward the Confessor and Abbot Leofric, and that he was abbot for 24 years.[3] He died at the Gloucester Christmas court of William the Conqueror, in either December 1085 or January 1086.[3] The 'abbot Ulfketyl' of Charles Kingsley novel "Hereward the Wake'". | ||
| Ingulf | 1085x6—1109 | Died 16 November, probably in 1109, as he was said to have been abbot for 24 years (see Wulfketel & Geoffrey d'Orleans notes).[3] | ||
| Geoffrey d'Orleans | 1109—ca 1124 | Orderic says he was born at Orleans, was prior of St Évroult in Normandy, being appointed abbot of Crowland in 1109, holding for 15 years before dying on 5 June (probably 1124).[3] | ||
| Waltheof | ca 1126—1138 | According to Orderic, he was the "brother of the nobly born Englishman Gospatric",[4] thought to mean that he was the son of Gospatric, Earl of Northumbria (the brother being Gospatric II, Earl of Lothian).[5] | ||
| Godfrey | 1138x9—1143 | Prior of St Albans, electet abbot of Crowland in December 1138 or soon after, and died on 6 April 1143.[3] | ||
| Edward | 1143—1173 | Died on 19 January 1173; after death, the abbey was vacant until sometime after 8 July 1175.[3] | ||
| Robert | 1175—1189x90 | Monk of Reading Abbey, became prior of Leominster, and was appointed abbot of Crowland in the second half of 1175, allegedly remaining abbot for 15 years.[3] His last historical appearance is 3 September 1189, and died on either 17 March or 24 March 1190.[3] | ||
| Henry de Longchamp | 1190—1236 | William de Longchamp, Bishop of Ely, he held the abbey for 46 years, dying in 1236.[6] | ||
| Walter de Weston | el. 1236 | Monk of Crowland, receives royal consent to hold abbey on 28 September 1236, but was elected against church rules and election was quashed.[6] | ||
| Richard | 1236—1248 | He was the cellarer of Bardney Abbey before being appointed to abbey by Robert Grosseteste, Bishop of Lincoln, who had authority from the Church to make such an appointment.[6] He died 17 June 1248.[6] | ||
| Thomas de Welle | 1248—1254 | A monk of Crowland, sometime sub-prior, he was abbot after Richard's death and held abbey for 6 years, dying on either 8 October or 15 October 1254.[6] | ||
| Ranulf de Merche | 1254—1280 | Another monk of Crowland, after becoming abbot he ruled for 26 years.[6] | ||
| Richard de Crowland | 1280—1303 | Monk of Crowland, elected 27 October 1280, election quashed but appointed anyway by the Bishop of Lincoln, Oliver Sutton.[6] | ||
| Simon de Luffenham [Suthluffenham] | 1303—1324 | He was another abbot from the Crowland monks. He held the abbey for 21 years, notably attending the Council of Vienne in 1311, and dying sometime in 1324.[6] | ||
| Henry de Casewick | 1324—1359 | He was prior of Crowland before becoming abbot in 1324.[6] The abbey suffered from great poverty during his abbacy, coming under the supervision of the crown, the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Earl of Northampton.[6] He died early in 1359.[6] | ||
| Thomas de Barnack | 1359—1378 | A monk of Crowland, he was elected for presentation to the bishop of Lincoln and confirmed by the latter in 1339.[6] After a 14 year abbacy, he died on 12 March 1378.[6] | ||
| John of Ashby | from 1378 | He became abbot in 1378.[7] | ||
| Thomas of Overton | from 1392 | He became abbot in 1392.[7] | ||
| Richard Upton | from 1417 | He became abbot in 1417.[7] | ||
| John Litlington | from 1427 | He became abbot in 1427.[7] He was licensed by Letters Patent of King Henry VI to acquire a site so that a hostel could be established in Cambridge for student-monks. This hostel was to become Buckingham College and eventually Magdalene College.[8] | ||
| John of Wisbech | from 1470 | He became abbot in 1470.[7] | ||
| Richard Crowland | from 1476 | He became abbot in 1476.[7] | ||
| Lambert Fossdyke | from 1484 | He became abbot in 1484.[7] | ||
| Edmund Thorpe | from 1485 | He became abbot in 1485.[7] | ||
| Philip Everard | from 1497 | He became abbot in 1497.[7] | ||
| William Gedding | from 1504 | He became abbot in 1504.[7] | ||
| Richard Bardney | from 1507 | He became abbot in 1507.[7] | ||
| John Wells (alias John Bridges) |
1512—1539 | Wells was the last abbot, ruling the abbey from 1512 until he was forced to hand it over to the king's agents in 1539, after the Second Act of Dissolution.[7] | ||
Notes
edit- ^ a b Lewis, "Thurcytel".
- ^ a b c Knowles, Brooke & London, Heads of Religious Houses, i., p. 44.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Knowles, Brooke & London, Heads of Religious Houses, i., p. 42.
- ^ Chibnall (ed.), Ecclesiastical History, pp. 350, 351.
- ^ Chibnall (ed.), Ecclesiastical History, vol. ii, p. 350, n. 1; Knowles, Brooke & London, Heads of Religious Houses, i., p. 42.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Smith & London (eds.), Heads of Religions Houses, ii, p. 36.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Page, "Abbey of Crowland".
- ^ "Magdalene College, Cambridge". Archived from the original on 26 March 2009. Retrieved 12 March 2009.
References
edit- Chibnall, Marjorie, ed. (1969–1980), The Ecclesiastical History of Orderic Vitalis, 3 vols, vol. II, Oxford: Clarendon Press, ISBN 0-19-822204-1
- Knowles, David; Brooke, C. N. L.; London, C. M, eds. (1972), The Heads of Religious Houses : England and Wales. 1, 940—1216, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-08367-2
- Lewis, C. P. (2004), "Thurcytel (d. 975?), abbot of Crowland", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, retrieved 27 November 2008
- Page, William, ed. (1906), "Houses of Benedictine monks: The abbey of Crowland", A History of the County of Lincoln: Volume 2, British History Online, pp. 105–18, retrieved 27 November 2008
- Smith, David M.; London, C. M, eds. (2001), The Heads of Religious Houses : England and Wales. 2, 1216—1377, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-80271-7