Aldan (Russian: Алдан, IPA: [ɐlˈdan]; Yakut: Алдан) is a gold-mining town (the gorod) and the administrative center of Aldansky District of the Sakha Republic, Russia, located in the Aldan Highlands, in the Aldan River basin, on the stream Orto-Sala near its mouth in the Seligdar River, about 470 kilometers (290 mi) south of the republic's capital of Yakutsk. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 21,275.[3]
Aldan
Алдан | |
|---|---|
Town under district jurisdiction[1] | |
| Other transcription(s) | |
| • Yakut | Алдан |
Aldan railway station | |
|
Flag Coat of arms | |
Location of Aldan  | |
Aldan Location of Aldan Aldan Aldan (Sakha Republic) | |
| Coordinates: 58°37′N 125°25′E / 58.617°N 125.417°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Sakha Republic[1] |
| Administrative district | Aldansky District[1] |
| Town | Aldan[1] |
| Founded | 1923[2] |
| Town status since | 1939 |
| Elevation | 650 m (2,130 ft) |
| Population | |
• Total | 21,275 |
• Estimate (January 2016)[4] | 20,892 |
| • Capital of | Aldansky District,[1] Town of Aldan[1] |
| • Municipal district | Aldansky Municipal District[5] |
| • Urban settlement | Aldan Urban Settlement[5] |
| • Capital of | Aldansky Municipal District,[6] Aldan Urban Settlement[5] |
| Time zone | UTC+9 (UTC+09:00 |
| Postal code(s)[8] | 678900–678902, 678906, 678909 |
| OKTMO ID | 98603101001 |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1939 | 14,022 | — |
| 1959 | 12,358 | −11.9% |
| 1970 | 17,689 | +43.1% |
| 1979 | 20,173 | +14.0% |
| 1989 | 27,090 | +34.3% |
| 2002 | 24,715 | −8.8% |
| 2010 | 21,275 | −13.9% |
| 2021 | 21,590 | +1.5% |
| Source: Census data | ||
History
editIt was founded in 1923[2] as Nezametny (Незаме́тный), after discovery of rich gold deposits. It was granted town status and renamed in 1939.[citation needed] During World War II, an airfield was built here for the Alaska-Siberian (ALSIB) air route used to ferry American Lend-Lease aircraft to the Eastern Front.[9]
Administrative and municipal status
editWithin the framework of administrative divisions, Aldan serves as the administrative center of Aldansky District.[1] As an inhabited locality, Aldan is classified as a town under district jurisdiction.[1] As an administrative division, it is, together with two rural localities, incorporated within Aldansky District as the Town of Aldan.[1] As a municipal division, the Town of Aldan is incorporated within Aldansky Municipal District as Aldan Urban Settlement.[5]
Economy
editAldan remains a productive gold and mica mining center, largely avoiding the large drop in population suffered by most other towns in the Russian Far East in the years after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
Transportation
editThe town stands on the A360 Lena Highway, which connects Yakutsk and Never, as well as on the partially complete Amur–Yakutsk Mainline railway. It is served by the Aldan Airport.
Climate
editAldan has the typical eastern Siberian subarctic climate (Köppen Dfc) though it is affected by the Pacific Ocean more than localities in the lower Lena basin, which gives it much heavier rainfall during the summer than most of the republic, as well as a little more snowfall and rather less extreme winter temperatures – though still extremely cold for the latitude and as much as 10 °C or 18 °F colder than settlements actually on the Okhotsk coast. In spite of the less extreme winters vis-à-vis more northerly parts of Sakha, Aldan has never seen any day above freezing from 22 November to 7 March inclusive.[when?] Although winters are somewhat less extreme than Yakutsk, summers are actually somewhat cooler, and cloudier, than those northerly areas.
The coldest temperature recorded in Aldan since the weather station was opened in 1937 has been −50.0 °C or −58.0 °F on 20 January 2023 and the hottest 36.5 °C or 97.7 °F on 3 July 2021. February 1969, with a mean temperature of −33.6 °C or −28.5 °F, has been the coldest month on record, shading the preceding January which averaged −33.4 °C or −28.1 °F. The hottest month has been July 1941 which averaged 20.7 °C or 69.3 °F, the wettest August 2006 with 269 millimetres or 10.59 inches of rain, and the driest March 1937 with only 2 millimetres or 0.08 inches of water equivalent.
| Climate data for Aldan (1991–2020, extremes 1926–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | −4.0 (24.8) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
9.1 (48.4) |
18.8 (65.8) |
27.8 (82.0) |
34.3 (93.7) |
36.5 (97.7) |
35.2 (95.4) |
25.8 (78.4) |
16.7 (62.1) |
6.1 (43.0) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
35.2 (95.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −21.3 (−6.3) |
−17.8 (0.0) |
−8.9 (16.0) |
1.4 (34.5) |
11.0 (51.8) |
21.0 (69.8) |
23.0 (73.4) |
19.5 (67.1) |
10.2 (50.4) |
−1.9 (28.6) |
−14.5 (5.9) |
−21.8 (−7.2) |
0.0 (32.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −25.7 (−14.3) |
−23 (−9) |
−14.9 (5.2) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
5.5 (41.9) |
14.4 (57.9) |
16.9 (62.4) |
13.6 (56.5) |
5.2 (41.4) |
−5.9 (21.4) |
−18.7 (−1.7) |
−25.9 (−14.6) |
−5.2 (22.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −30.1 (−22.2) |
−28.1 (−18.6) |
−21.1 (−6.0) |
−9.6 (14.7) |
0.2 (32.4) |
7.6 (45.7) |
11.1 (52.0) |
8.3 (46.9) |
0.9 (33.6) |
−9.8 (14.4) |
−23 (−9) |
−29.9 (−21.8) |
−10.3 (13.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −50 (−58) |
−46.6 (−51.9) |
−42 (−44) |
−31.7 (−25.1) |
−16 (3) |
−5.9 (21.4) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
−4.4 (24.1) |
−16.1 (3.0) |
−30.3 (−22.5) |
−44.9 (−48.8) |
−48.3 (−54.9) |
−50 (−58) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 28 (1.1) |
26 (1.0) |
42 (1.7) |
39 (1.5) |
76 (3.0) |
84 (3.3) |
112 (4.4) |
112 (4.4) |
101 (4.0) |
71 (2.8) |
41 (1.6) |
29 (1.1) |
761 (30.0) |
| Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) | 58 (23) |
68 (27) |
73 (29) |
34 (13) |
2 (0.8) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
2 (0.8) |
15 (5.9) |
33 (13) |
45 (18) |
73 (29) |
| Average rainy days | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 4 | 16 | 19 | 19 | 18 | 18 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 98 |
| Average snowy days | 27 | 26 | 23 | 19 | 13 | 1 | 0.03 | 0.3 | 10 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 200 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 78 | 76 | 70 | 62 | 61 | 63 | 71 | 75 | 76 | 77 | 78 | 78 | 72 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 66 | 119 | 192 | 210 | 249 | 262 | 276 | 227 | 144 | 93 | 73 | 41 | 1,952 |
| Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net[10] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: NOAA (sun, 1961–1990)[11] | |||||||||||||
References
editNotes
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Divisions of the Sakha Republic
- ^ a b Энциклопедия Города России. Moscow: Большая Российская Энциклопедия. 2003. p. 16. ISBN 5-7107-7399-9.
- ^ a b Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ Sakha Republic (Yakutia) Territorial Branch of the Federal State Statistics Service. Численность населения по районам республики на 1 января 2016 года Archived September 29, 2018, at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
- ^ a b c d Law #173-Z #353-III
- ^ Law #172-Z #351-III
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
- ^ Igor Lebedev. Aviation Lend-Lease to Russia. Nova Publishers, 1997, pp. 44-49
- ^ "Weather and Climate- The Climate of Aldan" (in Russian). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат). Retrieved November 8, 2021.
- ^ "Aldan Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved November 7, 2021.
Sources
edit- Official website of the Sakha Republic. Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Divisions of the Sakha Republic. Aldansky District Archived April 25, 2017, at the Wayback Machine. (in Russian)
- Государственное Собрание (Ил Тумэн) Республики Саха (Якутия). Закон №172-З №351-III от 30 ноября 2004 г. «Об установлении границ и о наделении статусом муниципального района муниципальных образований Республики Саха (Якутия)», в ред. Закона №1535-З №597-V от 27 ноября 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в статьи 1 и 2 Закона Республики Саха (Якутия) "Об установлении границ и о наделении статусом муниципального района муниципальных образований Республики Саха (Якутия)"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Якутия", №245, 31 декабря 2004 г. (State Assembly (Il Tumen) of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic. Law #172-Z No. 351-III of November 30, 2004 On Establishing the Borders and on Granting the Municipal District Status to the Municipal Formations of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic, as amended by the Law #1535-Z No. 597-V of November 27, 2015 On Amending Articles 1 and 2 of the Law of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic "On Establishing the Borders and on Granting the Municipal District Status to the Municipal Formations of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic". Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
- Государственное Собрание (Ил Тумэн) Республики Саха (Якутия). Закон №173-З №353-III от 30 ноября 2004 г. «Об установлении границ и о наделении статусом городского и сельского поселений муниципальных образований Республики Саха (Якутия)», в ред. Закона №1058-З №1007-IV от 25 апреля 2012 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Республики Саха (Якутия) "Об установлении границ и о наделении статусом городского и сельского поселений муниципальных образований Республики Саха (Якутия)"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Якутия", №245, 31 декабря 2004 г. (State Assembly (Il Tumen) of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic. Law #173-Z No. 353-III of November 30, 2004 On Establishing the Borders and on Granting the Urban and Rural Settlement Status to the Municipal Formations of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic, as amended by the Law #1058-Z No. 1007-IV of April 25, 2012 On Amending the Law of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic "On Establishing the Borders and on Granting the Urban and Rural Settlement Status to the Municipal Formations of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic". Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
External links
edit- (in Russian) Official website of Aldan
- (in Russian) Directory of organizations in Aldan
- (in Russian) Official website of Aldan Youth Theater Archived July 9, 2021, at the Wayback Machine