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Barmen is a former industrial metropolis of the region of Bergisches Land, Germany, which merged with four other towns in 1929 to form the city of Wuppertal.
Barmen, together with the neighbouring town of Elberfeld founded the first electric suspended monorail tramway system, the Schwebebahn floating tram.
History
editBarmen was a pioneering centre for both the early Industrial Revolution on the European mainland, and for the socialist movement and its theory. It was the location of one of the first concentration camps in Nazi Germany, KZ Wuppertal-Barmen, later better known as Kemna concentration camp.[1]
Oberbarmen (Upper Barmen) is the eastern part of Barmen, and Unterbarmen (Lower Barmen) the western part.
One of its claims to fame is the fact that Friedrich Engels, co-author of The Communist Manifesto, was born in Barmen. Another of its claims is the fact that Bayer AG was founded there by Friedrich Bayer and master dyer Johann Friedrich Weskott with the express purpose to erect and operate a dyeworks.[2]
Legacy
editThe asteroid 118173 Barmen is named in its honour, celebrating the 1934 Synod which issued the Barmen Declaration defining Protestant opposition to National-Socialist ideology.
Personalities
edit- Friedrich Engels (1820–1895), Marxist philosopher
- Julius Kemna (1837–1898), entrepreneur and company founder
- Adolph Coors (1847–1929), brewer, Coors Brewing, Golden, Colorado
- Hermann Ebbinghaus (1850–1909), psychologist
- Julius Richard Petri (1852–1921), microbiologist
- Wilhelm Dörpfeld (1853–1940), architect and archaeologist
- Carl Duisberg (1861–1935), chemist and industrialist
- Ferdinand Sauerbruch (1875–1951), surgeon
- Adeline Rittershaus (1876–1924), philologist and champion for the equality of women
- Johann Viktor Bredt (1879–1940), jurist and politician
- Else Brökelschen (1879-1976), politician (CDU)
- Max Bockmühl (1882–1949), chemist
- Rudolf Carnap (1891–1970),[3] member of the Vienna Circle of positivists
- Wilhelm Philipps (1894–1971), generalleutnant
- Robert Tillmanns (1896–1955), politician (CDU)
- Hans Peter Luhn (1896–1964), researcher in the field of computer science and creator of the Luhn algorithm
- Martin Blank (1897–1972), politician (FDP)
- Friedrich-Wilhelm Müller (1897–1947), "The Butcher of Crete"
- Walter Julius Bloem (1898–1945), author and recipient of the Iron Cross
- Liselotte Schaak (1908-undated), actress
- Bernd Klug (1914–1975), admiral
- Kurt Brand (1917–1991), science-fiction author
- Reimar Lüst (1923–2020), astrophysicist
- Siegfried Palm (1927–2005), cellist
- Johannes Rau (1931-2006), SPD politician and President of Germany 1999-2004
Population
edit| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1591 | 1,000 | — |
| 1640 | 1,900 | +90.0% |
| 1800 | 12,000 | +531.6% |
| 1810 | 16,289 | +35.7% |
| 1816 | 19,030 | +16.8% |
| 1840 | 30,847 | +62.1% |
| 1875 | 86,504 | +180.4% |
| 1890 | 116,144 | +34.3% |
| 1900 | 141,947 | +22.2% |
| 1905 | 156,148 | +10.0% |
| 1910 | 169,214 | +8.4% |
| 1919 | 156,326 | −7.6% |
| 1925 | 187,099 | +19.7% |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ David Magnus Mintert, Das frühe Konzentrationslager Kemna und das sozialistische Milieu im Bergischen Land[permanent dead link] (PDF) Ruhr University Bochum, doctoral dissertation (2007), pp 144–145. Retrieved January 14, 2012 (in German)
- ^ "History The Early Years (1863–1881)". Bayer AG. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
- ^ Ruhr-Uni-Bochum.de: Rudolf Carnap