The Battle of Garmsir (also Garmser) was a battle between United States Marines and other ISAF coalition forces, and Taliban insurgents in Garmsir, southern Afghanistan. It was part of the ongoing Helmand Province campaign and took place primarily between 2007 and 2011. By the end of December 2007, the situation on the ground had reached a stalemate, and a de facto border had been established. In order to break this stalemate Operation Asada Wosa (Live Free) was undertaken 1st Battalion, 6th Marines, the battalion landing team for the 24th MEU along with elements from 2nd Reconnaissance Bn started their combat operations with an attack on the Taliban-held town of Garmsir on 28 April. The operation was carried out in conjunction with British troops of the 16 Air Assault Brigade. Taliban forces withdrew from the town as a result of the assault and took up a position further south.
| Battle of Garmsir | |||||||
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| Part of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) | |||||||
US Marines with Bravo 1/6, 24th MEU in Garmsir, Afghanistan, May 2008 | |||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||
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Coalition: |
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| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| LtCol Tony Henderson |
Naeem Baraikh, shadow governor Maulavi Ubaidurrahman Nurzai | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
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| Unknown | ||||||
After seizing Garmsir, the Marines pushed further south into an area where the insurgents had built bunkers and tunnels capable of withstanding coalition airstrikes. They ran into stiff resistance and the operation, expected to take a few days, lasted more than a month. This implied to the ISAF commander that the town was important to the insurgents, as such the Marines were ordered to remain in the area in order to keep the pressure up. With the original mission changed, the Marines transitioned from combat operations to civil operations.
History
editBy the end of December 2007, the situation on the ground reached a stalemate. A de facto border was established east of Garmsir along the banks of the Helmand River that divided British-held from Taliban-held territory. The British were outnumbered by the larger Taliban force which was receiving reinforcements from Pakistan. However, the British had jets and heavy artillery on their side. Both forces fought in the following months for mere yards of territory.[2]
In early 2008, the 24th Marine Expeditionary Unit, under the command of Col. Peter Petronzio, arrived to reinforce the ISAF's fight.[1] In April 2008, Col. Petronzio sent a battalion of U.S. Marines to Garmsir.
The Battle: Operation Asada Wosa (Live Free)
edit1st Battalion, 6th Marines, the battalion landing team for the 24th MEU along with elements from 2nd Reconnaissance Bn started their combat operations with an attack on the Taliban-held town of Garmsir on 28 April. The operation was carried out in conjunction with British troops of the 16 Air Assault Brigade.[3] Taliban forces withdrew from the town as a result of the assault and took up a position further south.[4]
After seizing Garmsir, the Marines pushed further south into an area where the insurgents had built bunkers and tunnels capable of withstanding coalition airstrikes.[5] They ran into stiff resistance and the operation, expected to take a few days, lasted more than a month to complete. This alerted the ISAF commander that the town was important to the insurgents, so he ordered the Marines to remain in the area, rather than clear the town and leave. He was also concerned that the Taliban would emerge after the Marines left, falsely claiming that they had run ISAF forces off. With the original mission changed, the Marines transitioned from combat operations to civil operations. The 24th MEU commander Colonel Peter Petronzio focused on protecting the local Afghans as they began to return to their homes after having been displaced by the Taliban.[1] The Marines also continued their combat operations in the area, killing more than 400 insurgents between April and July 2008, according to governor Gulab Mangal.[6]
Aftermath
editOn 8 September 2008, the 24th MEU returned control of Garmsir to British forces, after having operated in the area for approximately 130 days. The town was deemed safe and more stable.[1]
Operation Khanjar
editOn 18 June 2009, Marines from 2nd Battalion, 8th Marines (2/8), as part of the northern push of Operation Khanjar, entered Garmsir Province.[7]
By 5 July, elements of 2/8 were engaged in heavy fighting at Toshtay, 16 miles south of Garmsir.[8] After protracted fighting, the Marines overcame much of the Taliban resistance and began to set up additional patrol bases in Garmsir as part of the Clear-Hold-Build strategy designed to drive the Taliban south and continue Marine territorial gains.[9]
Operation Roadhouse
editIn April 2010, Marines from 3rd Battalion, 1st Marines (3/1) deployed to Garmsir District, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Benjamin Watson.[10]
During their deployment, they established several new patrol bases in the southernmost parts of Garmsir, as well as fought building by building in intense fighting to clear the heavily fortified and IED filled Taliban stronghold of Safaar Bazaar.[11] The capture of Safaar was a major defeat for the Taliban in the district.[12]
Operation Godfather
editOn 14 January 2011 Marines from 2nd Battalion, 1st Marines and Afghan National Army soldiers began clearing Durzay, one of the last remaining Taliban strongholds in the Garmsir District.[13] Marines also crossed over to the western banks of the Helmand River and established positions to deny the Taliban the freedom of movement that had previously allowed them to continue transporting weapons and supplies from Pakistan despite the increased Marine presence in Garmsir. Marines encountered less resistance than expected and Operation Godfather marked the end of major fighting in the Battle for Garmsir, although the Taliban continued to fight after the Operation's conclusion using guerrilla tactics and IED emplacement.[14]
See also
edit- Helmand Province campaign – ISAF campaign in Helmand Province
References
edit- ^ a b c d e "24th MEU returns a safer, more stable Garmsir to British Army". II MEF. 10 September 2008. Archived from the original on 20 September 2008. Retrieved 4 July 2009.
- ^ "British Troops, Taliban in a Tug of War Over Afghan Province". The Washington Post. 30 March 2008. Retrieved 30 March 2008.
- ^ British troops help US Marines tackle the Taliban in Garmsir – UK MoD 7 May 08 Archived 9 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Marines storm Afghan town held by Taliban". azstarnet.com. Associated Press. Retrieved 9 October 2008.
- ^ Coghlan, Tom (30 April 2008). "Marines launch attack on Taliban in Helmand". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 8 October 2008.
- ^ "More than 400 Afghan insurgents killed by U.S. marines: commander". CBC News. 9 July 2008. Retrieved 8 October 2008.
- ^ Chandrasekran, Rajiv (4 July 2009). "Insurgents Step Up Attacks on Marines". The Washington Post. Retrieved 4 July 2009.
- ^ Farmer, Ben (5 July 2009). "US Marines face a 'hell of a fight' in Helmand". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 5 July 2009.
- ^ "Defense.gov News Article: Marines, Afghans Establish Bases in Helmand". Archived from the original on 12 December 2013. Retrieved 7 December 2013.
- ^ Malkasian, Carter (2013). War Comes to Garmser: Thirty Years of Conflict on the Afghan Frontier. Oxford University Press. p. 203. ISBN 978-0-19-997375-0.
- ^ "Regimental Combat Team 7 concludes historic deployment in Helmand prov". I Marine Expeditionary Force. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
- ^ Malkasian, p. 216.
- ^ Lim, Alex (19 January 2011). "2/1 clears Durzay in Operation Godfather". DVIDS. Retrieved 12 December 2013.
- ^ Boak, Josh (18 January 2011). "Marines of Operation Godfather see stark improvement in deadly Helmand province". The Washington Post. Retrieved 7 December 2013.