The Eviation Alice is an electric aircraft designed to accommodate nine passengers and two crew members. First developed in Israel,[3] its construction incorporates 95% composite material, is powered by two electric motors, and has a T-tail. The prototype first flew on 27 September 2022.[4]
| Alice | |
|---|---|
| 2024 configuration with constant cross-section tubular fuselage, large winglets, higher propeller pylons, and a larger central energy storage compartment above the wing | |
| Role | Electric aircraft |
| National origin | Israel |
| Manufacturer | Eviation Aircraft |
| First flight | 27 September 2022[1] |
| Introduction | Planned 2027[2] |
| Status | Under development |
Development
editEviation was founded in 2015 by Omer Bar-Yohay, Omri Regev and Aviv Tzidon.[5] Risk-sharing partnerships have enabled work to go ahead.[6]
In February 2018, a 650 lb (290 kg) scale model UAV was flown to validate the aerodynamics and flight controls.[6] Kokam was selected to supply pouch lithium polymer batteries to power the full-scale prototype.[6] Work on the power system and drive train was begun.[6][7]
Eviation teamed up with Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University to launch a research and development program in the spring of 2019 at its Prescott, Arizona campus.[8] The program would focus on performance analysis, validation and testing, along with preliminary design and sub-scale testing of future electric propulsion and airframe design concepts.[8]
By early 2019, Eviation had secured $200 million of investment to cover certification and production while the first prototype was assembled in Vannes, northwest France.[9] In April 2019, Eviation selected MagniX Magni250s 375 shp (280 kW) electric motors turning at 1,900 rpm as an alternative power option to Siemens 260 kW motors.[10]
At the June 2019 Paris Air Show, a full-size static Alice was exhibited.[11]
The first airline customer was announced: Hyannis, Massachusetts-based Cape Air.[12] Cape Air ordered 92 aircraft, priced at $4 million each.[13] MagniX investor Clermont Group from Singapore took a 70% stake in Eviation Aircraft in August 2019.[14] By October 2019, over 150 Alice aircraft had been ordered by two American companies.[15] Many orders are backed by firm but refundable down payments.[16] Further investment of $500 million was still needed to begin serial production.[15]
On 22 January 2020, a fire broke out and the prototype was destroyed,[17][18] but no-one was injured.[19] The fire broke out in an under-floor battery compartment located in the "operator/passenger area".[20]
On 18 May 2020, GKN Aerospace announced their partnership with Eviation on the design and manufacture of the wing, empennage and electrical wiring interconnection system of subsequent Alice airframes.[21]
2021 redesign
editBy December 2020, Eviation expected to fly a modified Alice design in 2021, with the wing-tip motors relocated, before certification in the second half of 2023.[22]
In July 2021, Eviation unveiled the updated configuration with a T-tail and two 850 hp (634 kW) Magni650 electric powerplants on each side of the aft fuselage, aiming for a first flight the same year.[23] It should cruise at 220 kn (407 km/h, down from 240 kn), have 440 nmi range, 100 nmi (185 km) less than previously, be powered by an 820 kWh lithium-ion battery weighing 3,720 kg (8,200 lb), down from a 920 kWh battery weighing 3,600 kg, would have a 6,350 kg maximum take-off weight, down from 6,668 kg, an altitude ceiling of 32,000 ft and a maximum payload of 1,134 kg.[23]
Taxi testing of the first production model began in December 2021 at Arlington Municipal Airport, north of Seattle.[24] In June 2022, it was announced that the prototype Alice was being moved to Grant County International Airport in Moses Lake, Washington, where first flight was hoped to occur by the summer of 2022.[25][26]
The aircraft had its first flight on 27 September 2022.[1] Following the first test flight, Eviation announced it has revised the proposed range from 440 nm to 250 nm. The projected service entry date has been delayed to 2027.[2] Before this range reduction, endurance at MTOW was planned at 2.8h.[27]
2024 redesign
editAs no other flights followed the eight-minute September 2022 sortie, in April 2024 Eviation updated the Alice configuration to a constant cross-section tubular fuselage, large winglets, higher propeller pylons, and a larger central energy storage compartment above the wing following the completion of a conceptual design review alongside TLG Aerospace.[28][29]
Design
editTwo variants of the Alice were originally planned.[30] The initial, unpressurized model was intended for air taxi operations, with energy stored in a lithium-ion battery. Eviation was working on building a prototype scheduled to fly in early 2019.[30] In 2017, a second pressurized model was to be an extended-range ER executive aircraft available by 2023 for $2.9 million, with a more powerful aluminum-air battery with a lithium-polymer buffer, a cabin pressurized to 1,200 m (4,000 ft) at FL 280, G5000 avionics, a 444 km/h (240 kn) cruise and 1,367 km (738 nmi) range.[30] In October 2019, Eviation described only the pressurized Alice Commuter with a 260 kn (480 km/h) cruise speed.[31]
With 260 Wh/kg cells, the 900 kWh battery capacity (3,460 kg, 7,630 lb) is initially estimated to give the design a range of 540–650 nmi (1,000–1,200 km) at 240 knots and 10,000 ft (3,048 m).[6] This is anticipated to increase as battery technology improves.[6] The batteries have been tested to more than 1,000 cycles, equivalent to 3,000 flight hours, They will then require replacement at a cost of $250,000, which is half of the direct operating cost and similar to a piston engine overhaul.[6] Based on U.S. industrial electricity prices, the direct operating cost with nine passengers and two crew, flying at 240 kn (440 km/h), is claimed to be $200 per hour, which compares to $600–1,000 per hour for existing aircraft of similar purchase price such as the Cessna 402s, Pilatus PC-12 and Beechcraft King Air, for operations on routes under 500 nmi (930 km).[6][9] 45% of air routes fall within its 565 nmi (1,050 km) range at 260 kn (482 km/h), or 55% of airline flights according to Flightglobal's Cirium data.[10]
The electric drivetrain will have a higher voltage than current electrical systems.[6] Two 850 hp (630 kW) Magni650 electric motors will drive two propellers mounted on the aft fuselage.[23] The unpressurized aircraft has a flat lower fuselage.[6] The Italian company Magnaghi Aeronautica supplies landing gear and has already produced the gear for the similarly sized Piaggio P.180 Avanti.[6] It will be built with existing technology, including a composite airframe, propulsion from two Magnix electric engines[23] and Honeywell's flight control systems, including automatic landing.[8] At 3,700 kg (8,200 lb), the batteries account for 60% of the aircraft take-off weight.[12] Manufacturing is planned in the US.[11]
The company plans for recharging to be carried out by mobile charging vehicles, similar to aviation fuel trucks. Each hour of flight time is expected to require a charging time of 30 minutes.[8][32] The cells are similar to those from auto industry batteries.[22]
Orders
editIn 2024, Eviation disclosed it has secured more than 600 letters of intent (LOIs) for aircraft worth an estimated $5 billion, with some of those deals included deposits, the company hopes to begin converting LOIs into firm orders once it has finalised suppliers for the aircraft.[29]
The first potential customers for the Alice was Cape Air, a regional airline serving the Northeastern United States as well as the Caribbean.[33] In August 2021, Deutsche Post announced that it had ordered 12 aircraft for use by DHL to transport cargo, with delivery planned from 2024.[34][35] In April 2022, Eviation stated that Cape Air signed a letter of Intent for the purchase of 75 planes.[36] In September 2022, GlobalX Airlines signed a letter of intent for an order of 50 aircraft, with deliveries starting in 2027.[37] In January 2023, Mexican regional carrier Aerus ordered 30 aircraft.[38][importance?]
Specifications (intended)
editData from Eviation[39]
General characteristics
- Crew: 2
- Capacity: 9 passengers
- Length: 17.4 m (57 ft 1 in)
- Wingspan: 19.2 m (63 ft 0 in)
- Height: 3.84 m (12 ft 7 in)
- Max takeoff weight: 8,346 kg (18,400 lb)
- Commuter payload: 1,134 kg (2,500 lb)
- Cargo payload: 1,179 kg (2,600 lb)[40]
- Powerplant: 2 × magniX 650 Electrical Power Unit , 700 kW (940 hp) each
Performance
- Maximum speed: 480 km/h (300 mph, 260 kn)
- Range: 460 km (290 mi, 250 nmi) VFR, 30 min. reserve, LRC, MTOW
- Take-off field Length: 840 m (2,750 ft)
- Landing distance: 620 m (2,040 ft)
See also
edit- List of electric aircraft
- Tecnam P-Volt – Suspended Italian electric aircraft project
- Zunum Aero – Aircraft manufacturer
References
edit- ^ a b Hemmerdinger, Jon (27 September 2022). "Eviation's Alice gets airborne for first time". FlightGlobal. Retrieved 27 September 2022.
- ^ a b "Eviation Aircraft Alice". FutureFlight. AIN Media Group. September 2022. Retrieved 29 October 2022.
- ^ Air Travel Is Destroying the Planet. An Israeli-developed Electric Plane Is One Solution, Haaretz
- ^ Video: Watch world's first all-electric plane soar through test flight | CNN Business, 28 September 2022, retrieved 10 October 2022
- ^ Simon Griver (3 September 2019). "Clermont buys Israeli electric aircraft co Eviation". Globes.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Graham Warwick (26 February 2018). "Batteries Ready To Power Electric Regional Aircraft, Says Eviation". Aviation Week & Space Technology.(subscription required)
- ^ Grady, Mary (6 March 2018). "Eviation Chooses Battery Supplier". AVweb.
- ^ a b c d Lynch and, Kerry; Trautvetter, Chad (28 December 2018). "Eviation, ERAU Join Forces on Electric Aircraft". AIN online.
- ^ a b Kate Sarsfield (8 January 2019). "Eviation secures funding for all-electric Alice". FlightGlobal.
- ^ a b Jon Hemmerdinger (22 April 2019). "MagniX to supply Eviation Alice motors as all-electric advances". FlightGlobal.
- ^ a b "Eviation unveils electric airplane and plans flight tests in central Washington state". Geek Wire. 18 June 2019.
- ^ a b Kate Sarsfield (18 June 2019). "Cape air named as launch customer for the Alice electric aircraft". FlightGlobal.
- ^ "Electric Planes, Flying Taxis, Supersonic Jets: Paris Air Show Gives Us a Peek at the Future of Flight". Fortune. 22 June 2019.
- ^ Kate Sarsfield (30 August 2019). "Clermont acquires Eviation Aircraft". FlightGlobal.
- ^ a b "Orders for a new all-electric plane now top 150". Bloomberg L.P. 24 October 2019.
- ^ Weitering, Hanneke (29 April 2024). "Eviation Reveals Latest Redesign of Alice Electric Airplane | AIN". Aviation International News. Retrieved 5 September 2024.
- ^ "First electric VTOL Lilium Jet prototype goes up in flames: Updated". FlightGlobal. 2 March 2020.
Eviation's Alice fixed-wing prototype was destroyed by a blaze on 22 January that started in a ground-based battery system.
- ^ O'Connor, Kate (24 January 2020). "Eviation Electric Aircraft Prototype Damaged In Testing Fire". AVweb. Archived from the original on 28 January 2020. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
- ^ "Electric Plane Catches Fire Last Night". Plane & Pilot Magazine. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
- ^ "Eviation Alice fire involved lithium-Ion batteries which ignited after hours of power plant tests". FlightGlobal. 20 November 2020.
- ^ "GKN Aerospace and Eviation sign Collaboration Agreement on Wing, Empennage and EWIS for Alice All-Electric Aircraft" (Press release). 18 May 2019.
- ^ a b Jon Hemmerdinger (16 December 2020). "Eviation tweaks Alice design, aims for 2021 first flight". FlightGlobal.
- ^ a b c d Jon Hemmerdinger (1 July 2021). "Eviation changes Alice design, performance specifications shift". FlightGlobal.
- ^ Gates, Dominic (14 February 2022). "Electric airplane CEO ousted ahead of 1st flight". The Seattle Times. Retrieved 14 February 2022.
- ^ Podsada, Janice (7 June 2022). "Eviation moves tests of electric passenger plane to Moses Lake". HeraldNet. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
- ^ Ostrower, Jon (6 June 2022). "Eviation relocates Alice to Moses Lake for maiden flight". The Air Current. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
- ^ Jon Hemmerdinger (10 February 2022). "Eviation CEO details Alice's battery safety system, first flight 'days away'". FlightGlobal.
- ^ Dominic Perry (25 April 2024). "Eviation reshapes Alice as commuter clears concept design review stage". FlightGlobal.
- ^ a b Hardee, Howard (4 September 2024). "Certification of Eviation's all-electric Alice pushes toward end of decade". Flight Global. Retrieved 5 September 2024.
- ^ a b c Paul Jackson (8 October 2017). "Emerging Aircraft: Props And Turboprops". Aviation Week Network.
- ^ "Alice Commuter". Eviation. Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 28 October 2019.
- ^ "Eviation Secures 150 Total Orders for its All-Electric Commuter Aircraft". Transport Up. 26 October 2019. Archived from the original on 27 October 2019. Retrieved 10 December 2019.
- ^ Spillane, Geoff. "Cape Cod-based Cape Air announced to fly all-electric plane". capecodtimes.com. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
- ^ "DHL Express shapes future for sustainable aviation with the order of first-ever all-electric cargo planes from Eviation" (Press release). Deutsche Post DHL. 3 August 2021.
- ^ Broadbent, Mark (September 2021). "All about Alice for DHL". Air International. Vol. 101, no. 3. p. 6. ISSN 0306-5634.
- ^ Jon Hemmerdinger (15 April 2022). "Eviation says Cape Air will take 75 Alice aircraft, details scarce". FlightGlobal.
- ^ O'Connor, Kate (15 September 2022). "GlobalX Orders 50 Eviation Alice Electric Aircraft". AVweb. Archived from the original on 16 September 2022. Retrieved 16 September 2022.
- ^ Boyle, Alan (17 January 2023). "Mexico's Aerus airline signs up for 30 electric airplanes to be built by Eviation". GeekWire. GeekWire, LLC. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
- ^ "Alice Specifications". Eviation. Archived from the original on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 19 April 2021.
- ^ "Eviation's Alice Achieves Milestone with First Flight of All-Electric Aircraft" (PDF) (Press release). Eviation. 27 September 2022.