Major General Harry Wickwire Foster CBE, DSO (April 2, 1902 – August 6, 1964) was a senior Canadian Army officer who commanded two Canadian divisions during World War II. He served in both the Pacific and European theatres.
Harry Wickwire Foster | |
|---|---|
Major General Harry Foster in 1944. | |
| Born | 2 April 1902 Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada |
| Died | 16 August 1964 (aged 62) |
| Buried | Kentville, Nova Scotia, Canada |
| Allegiance | |
| Service | |
| Years of service | 1924–1952 |
| Rank | Major General |
| Unit | Lord Strathcona's Horse (Royal Canadians) |
| Commands | 4th Princess Louise Dragoon Guards Highland Light Infantry of Canada |
| Battles / wars | World War II |
| Awards | Commander of the Order of the British Empire Distinguished Service Order Mentioned in dispatches Silver Star (United States) Legion of Merit (United States) Legion of Honour (France) Croix de guerre (France) |
Early life
editBorn in Halifax, he was the son of Major General Gilbert Lafayette Foster, who had been the director general of the medical services of the First World War. Foster was educated at King's College at Windsor, Nova Scotia as a cadet. He attended school at Berkhamsted, England; Bishop's College School in Lennoxville, Quebec; Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ontario; and McGill University, Montreal.
Military career
editHaving failed his third year, but with a Certificate of Military Qualification (which all cadets earned when they finished two full years at RMC) Foster withdrew from RMC to receive the King's commission and a posting to the Permanent Force (PF) with Lord Strathcona's Horse on July 2, 1924.[1] As a young officer, he spent years in debt: the army paid only for saddle, harness, and stabling. He had to pay for his own horse (which cost nearly a month's salary) and for mess, uniforms, and tailoring.[2]
By 1934 he held the rank of captain. He attended the Staff College, Camberley, from 1937 to 1939 and was promoted to major and posted as brigade major of the 1st Canadian Infantry Brigade at the outbreak of the Second World War.
In 1941, promoted to lieutenant colonel, Foster assumed command of 4th Reconnaissance Battalion (4th Princess Louise Dragoon Guards), the recently activated scout formation assigned to 1st Canadian Infantry Division in England. In 1942, he was appointed commanding officer of the 1st Battalion, The Highland Light Infantry of Canada.[1]
He led Canadian troops of the 13th Canadian Infantry Brigade in the Kiska campaign in 1943 (Operation Cottage), for which he was awarded the American Legion of Merit. Unknown to the Allies, the Japanese had withdrawn three weeks before the attack. Foster commented in his diary "I feel bloody silly coming all this way for nothing."[3]
In 1943, he was promoted to brigadier and became the commanding officer of the 7th Canadian Infantry Brigade.[1] which landed on Juno beach on D-Day.[4]
In 1944 he was promoted to major general and took over 4th Canadian (Armoured) Division in Normandy, relieving George Kitching. On September 12, 1944, he entered the historic city of Bruges (Belgium) with his troops. The liberation of this medieval town was done successfully, without fight or damage. In recognition for this achievement, Foster was named an honorary citizen of Bruges, an award bestowed upon only two people since 1900: Foster and Hendrik Brugmans, first rector of the College of Europe.
Later, swapping commands with Chris Vokes (because Vokes had a poor relationship with new I Canadian Corps commander Charles Foulkes),[5] he led the 1st Canadian Infantry Division in Italy, then returned with this division to North-West Europe as part of Operation Goldflake.
Foster was said to have had a "hands off" style and loathed paperwork.[6]
Foster was appointed a Companion of the Distinguished Service Order in January 1945[7] and appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in July 1945.[8]
Post-war
editAfter the war, Foster (with four brigadiers) presided over the court martial of Canada's top prisoner of war, SS General Kurt Meyer. The trial was a showcase for Canada, the first time[9] that the country had conducted an international prosecution of this sort. Meyer was found guilty of three of five charges and sentenced to death. The sentence was later commuted to life imprisonment. When asked by his son (author Tony Foster) why the death sentence had been imposed he replied, "Because I had no choice according to those rules of warfare dreamt up by a bunch of bloody barrack-room lawyers who had never heard a shot fired in anger."[10]
Foster organized and commanded Eastern Command (Canada) from 1946. Upon retirement in 1952 he took the civilian appointment of chief administrator of the Central European District, Imperial War Graves Commission. In 1959, he married his third wife Mona Leonhart (née Parsons), a Canadian spy for the Dutch Resistance during the Second World War, and was appointed honorary aide-de-camp to Governor General Georges Vanier.
Harry Foster had two sons, Anthony (Tony) Foster and David Foster. Tony Foster wrote a biography of his father's life, with particular emphasis on his interactions with Kurt Meyer, both on the battlefield and in the courtroom. Entitled Meeting of Generals,[11] the book won Canada's Evelyn Richardson Memorial Non-Fiction Award and the Canadian Authors Association Award for best Non-Fiction in 1987.[12]
The Foster family donated Harry's military uniforms, medals, battle maps and other historical items of interest to the Army Museum of the Halifax Citadel where they are part of the WWII display.
Notes
edit- ^ a b c Caravaggio, Angelo N. (2009). "Commanding the Green Centre Line in Normandy: A Case Study of Division Command in the Second World War". Wilfrid Laurier University. p. 351. Retrieved August 9, 2012.
- ^ "World War II plus 55: THE LAST WEEK – THE ROAD TO WAR". Archived from the original on November 27, 2012. Retrieved August 9, 2012.
- ^ "Canada's Unknown War". Archived from the original on August 21, 2012. Retrieved August 9, 2012.
- ^ "3rd Canadian Infantry Division on D Day". Retrieved August 9, 2012.
- ^ Copp, Terry (April 10, 2010). "Operation Chuckle: No Laughing Matter: Army, Part 87". Legion Magazine. Retrieved August 9, 2012.
- ^ Caravaggio, Angelo N. (2009). "Commanding the Green Centre Line in Normandy: A Case Study of Division Command in the Second World War". Wilfrid Laurier University. p. 352. Retrieved August 9, 2012.
- ^ "No. 36917". The London Gazette (Supplement). 30 January 1945. p. 679.
- ^ "No. 37161". The London Gazette (Supplement). 3 July 1945. p. 3490.
- ^ "War Crimes: The Sentence". Time. Jan 7, 1946. Archived from the original on June 26, 2010. Retrieved August 9, 2012.
- ^ Stickney, Kenneth. "Taking No Prisoners". Books In Canada. Retrieved August 9, 2012.
- ^ "Meeting of Generals". www.goodreads.com. Retrieved 2018-12-01.
- ^ "Writers' Federation of Nova Scotia". www.writers.ns.ca. Archived from the original on 2018-12-02. Retrieved 2018-12-01.
References
edit- Granatstein, Jack (1993). The Generals. Stoddart Publishing. ISBN 0-7737-2730-2.