The Kshiroda plate (/ʃɪˈroʊdə/) is a hypothetical oceanic tectonic plate which is believed to have existed more than 40 million years ago, to the south of the Eurasian plate, corresponding to the regions of modern South Asia.
| Kshiroda plate | |
|---|---|
The Kshiroda plate to the south of the Eurasian plate(>50 mya) | |
| Features | Tibetan Plateau, Tethys Ocean, Indian Ocean, Himalayas |
Discovery
editThe Kshiroda plate was discovered when geologists studying the boundary zone between the Indian and Eurasian plates, noticed that the data supported the existence of two parallel subduction zones between the plates.[1][2]
This was studied in detail in 2015 by Oliver Jagoutz, a geologist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and his team, who identified the possibilities of a hidden tectonic plate in the region.[3]
The usage of the term "Kshiroda plate" began the same year 2015.
Subduction
editAround 50 million years ago, the Indian plate collided with the southern subduction zone of the Kshiroda oceanic plate causing the plate to shrink. It was pushed northwards and eventually collapsed more than 40 million years ago.[3] It was pushed below the crust of the Eurasian plate and this led to the formation of the Tibetan Plateau and the Himalayas.
It is possible that the impact might have caused the delamination of the Indian plate beneath the Tibetan Plateau, a process which is still continuing.[4]
Significance
editThe Kshiroda plate has great significance in the geology of South Asia. The subduction of the plate, which occurred before 40 million years ago, caused the upliftment of the Tibetan Plateau.
The Tethys Sea bed which used to rest on the Kshiroda plate was pushed above the Eurasian landmass leading to the formation of the earliest mountains of the Himalayas,[5] while the rest of the mountains were formed due to the folding of the Indian and Eurasian continental landmasses.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Yin, An; Harrison, T. Mark (May 2000). "Geologic Evolution of the Himalayan-Tibetan Orogen". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 28 (1): 211–280. Bibcode:2000AREPS..28..211Y. doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.28.1.211. ISSN 0084-6597.
- ^ Hall, Robert (2012-10-10). "Late Jurassic–Cenozoic reconstructions of the Indonesian region and the Indian Ocean". Tectonophysics. 570–571: 1–41. Bibcode:2012Tectp.570....1H. doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2012.04.021. ISSN 0040-1951.
- ^ a b Jagoutz, Oliver; Royden, Leigh; Holt, Adam F.; Becker, Thorsten W. (June 2015). "Anomalously fast convergence of India and Eurasia caused by double subduction". Nature Geoscience. 8 (6): 475–478. Bibcode:2015NatGe...8..475J. doi:10.1038/ngeo2418. ISSN 1752-0908.
- ^ Liu, Lin; Shi, Danian; Klemperer, Simon L; Shi, Jianyu (2023-11-14). "Slab tearing and delamination of the Indian lithospheric mantle during flat-slab subduction, southeast Tibet". Authorea Preprints. doi:10.22541/e (inactive 1 November 2024).
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link) - ^ fultonk (2011-02-11). "The Himalayas ~ Tectonic Motion: Making the Himalayas | Nature | PBS". Nature. Retrieved 2024-04-13.