Wikipedia

Lorna Simpson

For the singer, see Lorna Simpson (singer).

Lorna Simpson (born August 13, 1960) is an American photographer and multimedia artist whose works have been exhibited both nationally and internationally. In 1990, she became one of the first African-American woman to exhibit at the Venice Biennale.[1] She came to prominence in the 1980s and 1990s with photo-text installations such as Guarded Conditions and Square Deal that questioned the nature of identity, gender, race, history and representation.[2] Simpson continues to explore these themes in relation to memory and history using photography, film, video, painting, drawing, audio, and sculpture.[3][4]

Lorna Simpson
Simpson in April 2009
Born
Lorna Simpson

(1960-08-13) 13 August 1960 (age 64)
Brooklyn, New York
NationalityAmerican
EducationUniversity of California-San Diego, MFA, 1985; School of Visual Arts, New York City, BFA, 1983
Known forPhotography, Film, Video
MovementConceptual photography
Awards2010 ICP Infinity Award in Art, International Center of Photography, New York City; 2019 J. Paul Getty Medal

Early life

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Lorna Simpson was born on August 13, 1960, and grew up in Queens and Brooklyn, New York.[5][2] Her parents, a Jamaican-Cuban father and African-American mother,[6][7] took her to numerous plays, museums, concerts and dance performances as a child.[8] Simpson attended the High School of Art and Design and took courses at the Art Institute of Chicago in summer while visiting her grandmother.[7]

Education

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Prior to receiving her BFA, Simpson traveled Europe, Africa, and the United States further developing her skills through documentary photography.[5] Simpson attended the School of Visual Arts in New York City and received a Bachelor of Fine Arts in Painting in 1982.[5] During that time, she interned at the Studio Museum in Harlem, acquainting herself with the practice of artist in residence David Hammons.[6]

Simpson earned her Master of Fine Arts degree from the University of California at San Diego in 1985.[9] Her focus was between Photography and Conceptual art, and her teachers included Allan Kaprow, Eleanor Antin, filmmakers Babette Mangolte, Jean-Pierre Gorin and poet David Antin.[10] Here she developed her signature style of combining text with studio-like portraiture, while questioning if documentary photography was factual or served as a constructed truth generated by photographer themselves.[5] These works analyzed stereotypical narratives of African-American women[11] within American culture.[2]

Career

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Simpson was awarded a National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship in 1985, and in 1990, she became one of the first African-American woman to exhibit at the Venice Biennale.[1] She was also the first African American woman to have a solo exhibition in the Museum of Modern Art with her Projects 23 exhibition.[12] In 1990, Simpson had one woman exhibitions at several major museums, including the Denver Art Museum, the Portland Art Museum, and the Museum of Modern Art.[13] At the same time, her work was included in The Decade Show: Frameworks of Identity in the 1980s, an exhibition presented by The Museum of Contemporary Hispanic Art, The New Museum of Contemporary Art, and The Studio Museum in Harlem.[12]

In 1997, Simpson received the Artist-in-Residence grant from the Wexner Center for the Arts in Columbus, Ohio, where she exhibited her works in photography. In 2001, she was awarded the Whitney Museum of Art Award, and in 2007, her work was featured in a 20-year retrospective at the Whitney Museum of American Art in her hometown of New York.[2][14][15]

Simpson's first European retrospective opened at the Jeu de Paume in Paris in 2013, then traveled to Germany, England, and Massachusetts.[16][17][18][19] She has been one of a handful of African-American artists to exhibit at the Jamaica Arts Center in Queens, New York and then to the gallery in Soho.[20]

External image
  Black America Again (album cover)

She first exhibited paintings in 2015 at the 56th Venice Biennale, followed by a showing at the Salon 94 Bowery.[21][22]

In 2016 Simpson created the album artwork for Black America Again by Common. During the same year, she was featured in the book In the Company of Women, Inspiration and Advice from over 100 Makers, Artists, and Entrepreneurs.[23] In a 2017 issue of Vogue Magazine, Simpson showcased a series of portraits of 18 professional creative women who hold art central to their lives. The women photographed included Teresita Fernández, Huma Bhabha, and Jacqueline Woodson. Inspired by their resilience, Simpson said of these women, "They don't take no for an answer".[24]

Simpson's work is included in the Afrofuturist Period Room exhibition Before Yesterday We Could Fly at the Metropolitan Museum of Art[25] and in the 2022 exhibition Women Painting Women at the Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth.[26]

While she started her career a conceptual photographer, she has since explored video, installation, drawing, painting and film.[27] Simpson's goal is to continue to influence the legacy of black artists by speaking with artists and activists such as the Art Hoe Collective.[28] When asked about her career Simpson says, "I've always done exactly what I wanted to do, regardless of what was out there. I just stuck to that principle and I'm a much happier person as a result. And I can't imagine trying to satisfy any particular audience".[29]

Work

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Simpson's work often portrays black women combined with text to express contemporary society's relationship with race, ethnicity and sex. In many of her earlier works, the subjects are photographed with obscured faces, causing a denial of gaze and the interaction associated with visual exchange. Simpson's use of "turned-back figures" was used to not only "refuse the gaze" but to also "to deny any presumed access to the sitter's personality, and to refute both the classificatory drives and emotional projections typically satisfied by photographic portraiture of black subjects."[30] It has also been suggested that these figures "stand for a generation's mode of looking and questioning photographic representation"[31] Through repetitive use of the same portrait combined with graphic text, Simpson's "anti-portraits" have a sense of scientific classification, addressing the cultural associations of black bodies.[32] Simpson began working in film in 1997 with Call Waiting (1997).[14][33] Simpson's "interests in photography [has] always been paralleled by an interest in film, particularly in the way that one structurally builds sequences in film."[31]

 
Lorna Simpson, Untitled (2 Necklines), 1989,
2 gelatin silver prints and 11 engraved plastic plaques, 40 x 100 in.,
National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC

Simpson's 1989 work, Necklines, shows two circular and identical photographs of a black woman's mouth, chin, neck, and collar bone. The white text, "ring, surround, lasso, noose, eye, areola, halo, cuffs, collar, loop", individual words on black plaques, imply menace, binding or worse. The final phrase, text on red "feel the ground sliding from under you," openly suggests lynching, though the adjacent images remain serene, non-confrontational and elegant.[34]

Easy for Who to Say, Simpson's work from 1989, displays five identical silhouettes of black women from the shoulders up wearing a white top that is similar to women portrayed in other of Simpson's works. The women's faces are obscured by a white-colored oval shape each with one of the following letters inside: A, E, I, O, U. Underneath the corresponding portraits are the words: Amnesia, Error, Indifference, Omission, Uncivil. In this work Simpson alludes to the racialization in ethnographic cinema and the revocation of history faced by many people of color.[35] Also, the letters covering the faces suggest "intimate multiplicity of positions she might occupy and attitudes she might assume-",[36] these potential thoughts are stopped, abruptly, by the words, "undermining not only the subjective position the figure would seek but also her grasp on any recognizable position at all."[36]

In Simpson's 1989 work Guarded Conditions,she has assembled Polaroid images of a female model. The body is fragmented, viewed from behind, with the back of the model's head in a state of guardedness. Historical and symbolic associations of African-American hairstyles are also brought into play. The message of the text with the formal treatment of the images reinforce a sense of vulnerability. The poses are similar, differing slightly in the placement of feet, hair, and hands. These differences suggest, "the model's shifting relationship to herself."[37] The fragmentation and serialization denies the body’s wholeness and individuality, confronting the viewer with histories of appropriation and consumption of the black female body.[38]Many critics associate the work with the slave auction, as a reminder that black "enslaved women were removed from the circle of human suffering so that they might become circulating objects of sexual and pecuniary exchange."[39] The women become objects, a subject that Simpson often makes the focus of her work.[40]

Simpson incorporated the complicated relationship that African American women have with their natural hair in her work Wigs (1994). The photographs of wigs, lithographed on felt, range from afros, braids and blonde locks of human, yak and synthetic hair mounted side by side.[41] The work does not include any figures, with the arrangement suggesting scientific specimens.[42] Simpson explains in an interview on Wigs (1994) “This work came at a point where I wanted to eliminate the figure from—or eliminate its presence from the work, but I still wanted to talk about that presence.” [41][20] The Museum of Modern Art describes the work as having social and political undertones about the surrounding culture and the beauty standards that the culture produces. The work forces the viewer to question why such beauty standards exists and how they are perpetuated by society.[43]

 
Lorna Simpson, Twenty Questions, (A Sampler), 1986, 4 photographs, gelatin silver prints on paper and 6 engraved plastic plaques.

In a 2003 video installation, Corridor, Simpson sets two women side-by-side; a household servant from 1860 and a wealthy homeowner from 1960.[44] Both women are portrayed by artist Wangechi Mutu, allowing parallel and haunting relationships to be drawn.[15] Music, sometimes lulling and other times sharp and haunting, is used to create "an interesting melding visually of two time periods."[45] Simpson uses "open-ended narratives"[45] in both photography and film because of her interest in "insinuating things".[45] In Corridor, "nothing really happens, it's just a woman going kind of day-to-day, what she does over the course of a day."[45] A "texture" begins to appear, guiding viewers to ask, "what's missing from the picture" and "what [‘s] trying to [be] conveyed."[45] These questions create a setting or "period of time" to imagine a narrative, to figure out "these people's lives during a particular period of time that is important politically."[46] The viewer can digest the political environment and find associations with their own political climate. In addition to considering identity, Corridor considers the past and its effect on the present. Simpson is examining race and class, and attempts "to explore American identity and constructions of race."[46] Simpson commented at the time, "I do not appear in any of my work. I think maybe there are elements to it and moments to it that I use from my own personal experience, but that, in and of itself, is not so important as what the work is trying to say about either the way we interpret experience or the way we interpret things about identity."[14]

In 2009 Simpson introduced self-portraiture into her body of work with the series 1957–2009. Simpson juxtaposed found, pinup-style images of young African American women from 1957 with present day photographs of herself reproducing the model’s pose, clothing and backdrop. Simpson thus recreated a narrative of beauty ideals that excluded black women in the 1950s.[47][48]

Simpson’s newer works have been series that incorporate found photographs and appropriated imagery from vintage magazines and the Associated Press. The black and white imagery is often layered with type, screen printed on gessoed plexiglass and washed with saturated inks. Natural elements, particularly ice, often appear in these works. Glass blocks representing ice appear in her sculptural work as well. Simpson’s newer work continues to thread figuration, abstraction, metaphor and paradox to challenge race and gender stereotypes.[49][50][51]

Artists that have influenced Simpson's work include David Hammons, Adrian Piper, and Felix-Gonzalex Torres; and writers like Ishmael Reed, Langston Hughes, Ntozake Shange, Alice Walker, and Toni Morrison because of their rhythmical voice.[52]

Other activities

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In 1998, Simpson served on the jury that selected Douglas Gordon as winner of the Hugo Boss Prize.[53]

Personal life

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From 2007 until 2018, Simpson was married to fellow artist James Casebere.[7] They have a daughter, Zora Casebere, an artist and Instagram personality.[54]

Simpson shared a four-story studio with Casebere from 2009 until 2018; the building was David Adjaye's first completed project in the US.[55] In 2014, she spent a three-week residency at collector Pamela Joyner's Sonoma, California, estate.[7] In 2018, she moved into a new studio at the Brooklyn Navy Yard.[56][6][57]

Recognition

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List of works

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Publications

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  • Simon, Joan. "Lorna Simpson." New York: Prestel Publishing, 2013. Print.
  • Als, Hilton (2013). Lorna Simpson: Works on Paper. Aspen, CO: Aspen Art Museum Press. ISBN 9780934324632.
  • Momin, Shamim; Enwezor, Okwui; Simpson, Lorna; Posner, Helaine; Als, Hilton; Isaac Julien; Golden, Thelma (2006). Lorna Simpson. New York: Abrams, in association with the American Federation of Arts. ISBN 0-8109-5548-2.
  • Simpson, Lorna; Willis, Deborah; Grundberg, Andy (1992). Lorna Simpson. San Francisco: The Friends of Photography. ISBN 0-933286-60-0.
  • Simpson, Lorna; Wright, Beryl J.; Hartman, Saidiya V. (1992). Lorna Simpson: for the sake of the viewer. New York: Universe Pub. ISBN 0-87663-637-7.
  • Rogers-Lafferty, Sarah; Simpson, Lorna (1997). Lorna Simpson: interior/exterior, full/empty. Columbus, Ohio: Wexner Center for the Arts/The Ohio State University. ISBN 1-881390-17-9.
  • Gili, Marta (2002). Lorna Simpson. Ediciones Universidad Salamanca. ISBN 84-95719-08-8.
  • Jones, Kellie; Simpson, Lorna; Golden, Thelma; Iles, Chrissie; Beckwith, Naomi (2021). Lorna Simpson. London: Phaidon. ISBN 9781838661243..
  • Simpson, Lorna; Gili, Marta; Fernández-Cid, Miguel (2004). Compostela: Lorna Simpson: Centro Galego de Arte Contemporánea, 5 marzo - 30 maio 2004, Santiago de Compostela. Santiago de Compostela, Spain: Xunta de Galicia. ISBN 84-453-3752-1.

References

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  1. ^ a b Arango, Jorge (May 2002). "At home with Lorna Simpson: a major player in the world of photography and video composes her personal sanctuary – home." Essence.
  2. ^ a b c d e "Lorna Simpson | American photographer". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved February 28, 2017.
  3. ^ "Artists — Lorna Simpson - Hauser & Wirth". www.hauserwirth.com. Retrieved August 11, 2020.
  4. ^ "Lorna Simpson". The Fabric Workshop and Museum. Retrieved August 11, 2020.
  5. ^ a b c d "What Can Art Tell Us About the World? Southeast Asia, China, the West, and the Rest". Guggenheim. April 30, 2013. Retrieved March 4, 2020.
  6. ^ a b c Siddhartha Mitter (June 13, 2019), Lorna Simpson Embraces the Blues The New York Times.
  7. ^ a b c d Julie L. Belcove (February 23, 2018), Acclaimed artist Lorna Simpson on courage, race and gender Financial Times.
  8. ^ "Interview with Lorna Simpson". Aperture Foundation NY. Retrieved March 4, 2018.
  9. ^ "BIO – Lorna Simpson Studio". lsimpsonstudio.com. Retrieved April 8, 2019.
  10. ^ Cotter, Holland (March 2, 2007). "Lorna Simpson – Art – Review". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 28, 2017.
  11. ^ "Lorna Simpson | Biography, Art, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved March 4, 2020.[permanent dead link‍]
  12. ^ a b Butler, Cornelia H.; Schwartz, Alexandra, eds. (2010). Modern women: Women artists at the Museum of Modern Art. New York: Museum of Modern Art. ISBN 9780870707711. OCLC 501397424.
  13. ^ Robinson, Jontyle Theresa (1997). "Simpson, Lorna". St. James Guide to Black Artists. Detroit: St. James Press. pp. 488–489.
  14. ^ a b c Bell, Jennie (March 7, 2007). "Lorna Simpson". Art+Auction. Retrieved April 23, 2008.
  15. ^ a b Cotter, Holland (March 2, 2007). "Exploring Identity as a Problematic Condition." The New York Times.
  16. ^ "Lorna Simpson". Le Jeu de Paume. Retrieved March 11, 2017.
  17. ^ "Baltic Plus | Lorna Simpson". balticplus.uk. Retrieved March 12, 2017.
  18. ^ "Phillips Academy – Lorna Simpson at the Addison". addison.andover.edu. Retrieved March 4, 2018.
  19. ^ "Lorna Simpson". Haus der Kunst. Retrieved March 4, 2018.
  20. ^ a b Copeland, Huey (Summer 2005). "Bye, Bye Black Girl". Art Journal. 64 (2): 62–77. doi:10.2307/20068384. JSTOR 20068384.
  21. ^ "This Is How Lorna Simpson Makes a Painting | artnet News". artnet News. September 8, 2016. Retrieved March 4, 2018.
  22. ^ Familiar-Studio.com, Familiar. "Lorna Simpson – Salon 94". Salon94. Archived from the original on March 5, 2018. Retrieved March 4, 2018.
  23. ^ Bonney, Grace (2016). In the Company of Women. New York, NY: Workman Publishing Company. ISBN 9781579655976.
  24. ^ Beck, Koa; Simpson, Lorna (March 18, 2017). "These Women in the Arts Don't Take No for an Answer". Vogue. Retrieved March 4, 2017.
  25. ^ "In 'Before Yesterday We Could Fly,' Visions of a Fictive Black Future Take Flight at the Met". Vogue. November 2, 2021. Retrieved February 5, 2022.
  26. ^ "Women Painting Women". Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth. Retrieved May 16, 2022.
  27. ^ Belcove, Julie (February 23, 2018). "Acclaimed artist Lorna Simpson on courage, race and gender". Trade Journals. ProQuest 2121967664.
  28. ^ "Art Hoe Collective's Mars & Amandla Stenberg Chat With Lorna Simpson". NYLON. July 21, 2016. Retrieved February 8, 2020.
  29. ^ Fusco, Coco. "Lorna Simpson". BOMB. Retrieved March 22, 2019.
  30. ^ Copeland, Huey (2012). Bound to Appear: Art, Slavery, and the Site of Blackness in Multicultural America. University of Chicago Press. pp. 9.
  31. ^ a b Fusco, Coco (October 1, 1997). "Lorna Simpson". BOMB. Retrieved March 7, 2019.
  32. ^ Tate. "Twenty Questions (A Sampler), Lorna Simpson 1986 | Tate". Tate Etc. Archived from the original on February 28, 2017. Retrieved February 28, 2017.
  33. ^ "Exhibitions". lsimpsonstudio.com. Lorna Simpson Studio. Retrieved March 15, 2019.
  34. ^ National Gallery of Art (May 4, 2005). "National Gallery of Art Acquires Important Contemporary Works by Brodthaers, Lewitt, Morris, and Simpson." Archived June 10, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  35. ^ Rony, Fatimah Tobing (January 1, 1996). The Third Eye: Race, Cinema, and Ethnographic Spectacle. Duke University Press. ISBN 0822318407.
  36. ^ a b Copeland, Huey (2012). Bound to Appear: Art, Slavery, and the Site of Blackness in Multicultural America. University of Chicago Press. pp. 75.
  37. ^ Copeland, Huey (2012). Bound to Appear: Art, Slavery, and the Site of Blackness in Multicultural America. University of Chicago Press. pp. 65.
  38. ^ a b Reckitt, Helena (2001). Art and feminism. London; New York, NY: Phaidon. p. 139. ISBN 0714835293.
  39. ^ Copeland, Huey (2012). Bound to Appear: Art, Slavery, and the Site of Blackness in Multicultural America. University of Chicago Press. pp. 67.
  40. ^ Swartz, Anne (2013). "Lorna Simpson". Grove Art Online. Oxford University Program.
  41. ^ a b "Lorna Simpson. Wigs. 1994 | MoMA". The Museum of Modern Art. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
  42. ^ "Lorna Simpson. Wigs (Portfolio). 1994 | MoMA". The Museum of Modern Art. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
  43. ^ "MoMA | Lorna Simpson. Wigs. 1994". www.moma.org. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
  44. ^ "Corridor (2003)". Retrieved February 28, 2017 – via Vimeo.
  45. ^ a b c d e Greenfield-Sanders, Timothy; Mitchell, Elvis (2008). The Black List. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster. p. 78.
  46. ^ a b Greenfield-Sanders, Timothy; Mitchell, Elvis (2008). The Black List. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster. p. 79.
  47. ^ "MoMA | Lorna Simpson. May, June, July, August '57/'09 No. 8. 2009". www.moma.org. Retrieved March 14, 2019.
  48. ^ a b Simon, Joan (2013). Lorna Simpson. Foundation for the Exhibition of Photography., Jeu de paume (Gallery : France), Haus der Kunst München. Munich. ISBN 9783791352664. OCLC 813941714.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  49. ^ "Lorna Simpson: Special Characters". airmail.news. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
  50. ^ "Lorna Simpson Explores Race Gender and History At Hauser & Wirth NY". Artlyst. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
  51. ^ Cuomo, Rebecca Rose (June 18, 2019). "In Lorna Simpson's Latest Work, Racism Is Like the Weather | Frieze". Frieze (205). Retrieved April 17, 2021.
  52. ^ Smucker, Ronica (1995). "Interview with Lorna Simpson". Hurricane Alice. 11 (2): 10. ProQuest 220554360.
  53. ^ Carol Vogel (31 July 1998), Boss Prize To a Scot New York Times.
  54. ^ "Meet the Art Royalty Daughter Whose Hair Instagrams Speak to a New Generation". Vogue. April 21, 2017.
  55. ^ Antwaun Sargent (Spring 2017), Lorna Simpson at Her David Adjaye–Designed Studio Galerie Magazine.
  56. ^ Julie Baumgardner (February 28, 2018), A new show by artist Lorna Simpson summons fire, ice and history in reverse Wallpaper.
  57. ^ "Lorna Simpson Biography – Lorna Simpson on artnet". artnet.com.
  58. ^ Robinson, Jontyle Theresa (1997). "Simpson, Lorna". St. James Guide to Black Artists. St. James Press.
  59. ^ a b c "Simpson, Lorna". Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press. Retrieved January 17, 2017.
  60. ^ Vincent, Alice (May 12, 2014). "Richard Mosse wins Deutsche Börse Photography Prize 2014". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved May 13, 2014.
  61. ^ "Lorna Simpson to receive 2018 Medal from School of Museum of Fine Arts at Tufts University". Tufts Now. April 30, 2018. Retrieved October 14, 2020.
  62. ^ "Mary Beard, Ed Ruscha, and Lorna Simpson Awarded Getty Medals". Artforum. January 25, 2019. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
  63. ^ "ID • Pérez Art Museum Miami". Pérez Art Museum Miami. Retrieved August 30, 2023.
  64. ^ "Counting". collections.artsmia.org. Minneapolis Institute of Art. Retrieved January 28, 2017.
  65. ^ "Lorna Simpson, Five day forecast". Tate Etc. Retrieved April 25, 2018.
  66. ^ "Untitled (What should fit here...)". collections.artsmia.org/. Minneapolis Institute of Art. Retrieved January 28, 2017.
  67. ^ "lll (Three Wishbones in a Wood Box)". collections.artsmia.org. Minneapolis Institute of Art. Retrieved January 28, 2017.
  68. ^ "Still • Pérez Art Museum Miami". Pérez Art Museum Miami. Retrieved August 30, 2023.
  69. ^ "Wigs (Portfolio)". moma.org/learn/moma_learning. Museum of Modern Art. Retrieved January 28, 2017.

Further reading

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  • Brockington, Horace. "Logical Anonymity: Lorna Simpson, Steve McQueen, Stan Douglas." International Review of African American Art 15 No. 3 (1998): 20–29.
  • Simpson, Lorna; Rogers, Sarah J. Lorna Simpson: Interior/Exterior, Full/Empty, Wexner Center for the Visual Arts 1998, ISBN 1881390179
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