Maria Anna of Austria (Maria Anna Josepha Antonia Regina; 7 September 1683 – 14 August 1754) was Queen of Portugal as the wife of King John V of Portugal. She served as the regent of Portugal from 1742 until 1750 during the illness of her husband. She was born an Archduchess of Austria as the daughter of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor and Eleonore Magdalene of Neuburg.
| Maria Anna of Austria | |||||
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Portrait by Jean Ranc, 1729 | |||||
| Queen consort of Portugal | |||||
| Tenure | 27 October 1708 – 31 July 1750 | ||||
| Born | 7 September 1683 Linz, Archduchy of Austria, Holy Roman Empire | ||||
| Died | 14 August 1754 (aged 70) Palace of Belém, Lisbon, Kingdom of Portugal | ||||
| Burial | |||||
| Spouse | |||||
| Issue | |||||
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| House | Habsburg | ||||
| Father | Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor | ||||
| Mother | Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg | ||||
| Signature | |||||
Life
editEarly life
editBorn Maria Anna Josepha Antonia Regina, she was the eleventh child and seventh daughter of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor (1640–1705) by his third wife, Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg (1655–1720). Two of her brothers, Joseph and Charles later became emperors. Through Charles, she was an aunt of Maria Theresa, the only woman to ever rule the Habsburg monarchy in her own right.
Life as queen consort
editOn 27 October 1708, Maria Anna married John V, King of Portugal (1689–1750) to seal the alliance between the two countries against France and Spain during the War of Spanish Succession. Maria Anna reformed the court and its customs to follow the traditions and customs of the traditional Queens of Portugal.[1] Her greatest influence on the court and Portuguese nobility as a whole was the increase of segregation between men and women, as well as between servants and masters. Like John, Maria Anna had an exuberant taste, best shown in her famous parties: she would invite the nobility from all over the country and hold a magnificent festival, often lasting several days.[2]
Regency
editIn 1742 Maria Anna became regent after her husband had suffered a stroke and became partially paralyzed. When John V died on 31 July 1750, their eldest son Joseph I of Portugal inherited the throne.
She died in the Belém Palace on 14 August 1754.[3] After her death, she was buried in Lisbon, but her heart was brought to Vienna and buried there in the Imperial Crypt.
Issue
editMaria Anna had six children with her husband, John V, King of Portugal, four of whom survived infancy.
- Infanta Barbara of Portugal (4 December 1711 – 27 August 1758), became Queen of Spain as the wife of Ferdinand VI of Spain (1713–1759).
- Infante Pedro of Portugal (19 October 1712 – 29 October 1714), Prince of Brazil, died in infancy.
- Joseph I of Portugal (6 June 1714 – 24 February 1777), married Mariana Victoria of Spain (1718–1781).
- Infante Carlos of Portugal (2 May 1716 – 30 March 1736), died before his parents.
- Peter III of Portugal (5 July 1717 – 25 May 1786), married his niece Maria I, Queen (regnant) of Portugal (1734–1816).
- Infante Alexandre of Portugal (24 September 1723 – 2 August 1728), died in infancy.
Ancestry
edit| Ancestors of Maria Anna of Austria |
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References
edit- ^ Nizza da Silva, p. 33.
- ^ Nizza da Silva, p. 34.
- ^ Vale, Teresa; Gomes, Carlos (1994). SIPA (ed.). "Palácio Nacional de Belém" (in Portuguese). Lisbon, Portugal: SIPA – Sistema de Informação para o Património Arquitectónico. Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 18 July 2011.
- ^ a b c d Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans [Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 100.
- ^ a b Eder, Karl (1961), "Ferdinand III.", Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 5, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 85–86; (full text online)
- ^ a b Wurzbach, Constantin von, ed. (1861). . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). Vol. 7. p. 23 – via Wikisource.
- ^ a b Fuchs, Peter (2001), "Philipp Wilhelm", Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 20, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, p. 384; (full text online)
- ^ a b Louda, Jirí; MacLagan, Michael (1999). Lines of Succession: Heraldry of the Royal Families of Europe (2nd ed.). London: Little, Brown and Company. table 84.
Bibliography
edit- Nizza da Silva, Maria Beatriz (2009). Reis de Portugal: D. João V (in Portuguese). Lisbon: Temas & Debates.
- Raggi, Giuseppina (2017). "The Queen of Portugal Maria Anna of Austria and the Royal Opera Theaters by Giovanni Carlo Sicinio Galli Bibiena". Music in Art: International Journal for Music Iconography. 42 (1–2): 121–140. ISSN 1522-7464.