The Nariman House, designated as a Chabad house (Hebrew: בית חב"ד, romanized: Beit Chabad),[1][2][3] is a five-storey landmark in the Colaba area of South Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.[1] The building was home to a Chabad house, a Hasidic Jewish outreach centre run by Gavriel and Rivka Holtzberg, who had owned the building since around 2006. The centre had an educational center, a synagogue, offered drug prevention services,[4][5][6][7][8] and a hostel.[9][10]
| Nariman House (Chabad house) | |
|---|---|
Front view of the Nariman House a week after the 26/11 terrorist attack | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Hasidic Judaism |
| Ecclesiastical or organisational status | |
| Ownership | Chabad India Trust |
| Status | Active |
| Location | |
| Location | 5 Hormusji Street, Colaba, Mumbai, Maharashtra |
| Country | India |
Location of the Chabad house in Mumbai | |
| Geographic coordinates | 18°54′59″N 72°49′40″E / 18.916517°N 72.827682°E |
| Architecture | |
| Style | Modernist |
| Date established | 2003 (as a congregation) |
| Completed | 2006 (building) |
| Elevation | 17 m (56 ft) |
The building was attacked during the November 2008 Mumbai attacks and six of its occupants, including Holtzberg and his wife, who was six months pregnant, were killed. Their two-year-old son Moshe survived the attack after being rescued by his Indian nanny, Sandra Samuel.
Chabad House
editThe Chabad house, located at 5 Hormusji Street, Colaba,[11] is one of eight synagogues in Mumbai[12] and has been described as the epicentre of the Jewish community in the city.[13]
It is one of 4,000 such houses in 73 countries, typically run by husband-and-wife couples.[14] In 2003, this Chabad House, the first in Mumbai, was opened by Rabbi Gavriel and Rivka Holtzberg, newly married and run by them.[14] It catered to Israelis who were traveling to "party hotspots" such as Goa and Rajasthan,[15] in addition to the city's local Jewish community and traveling Jewish businessmen.[16] The Holtzbergs also ran a synagogue and taught Torah classes, in addition to the rabbi conducting weddings for local Jewish couples. It is the Chabad headquarters for Mumbai.[16] Gavriel (born 1979, raised in Brooklyn, New York) and Rivka (born 1980 in Afula, Israel) Holtzberg came to Mumbai in 2003 after completing a mission in Thailand.[17]
Three flights a week bring hundreds of Israeli travelers from Israel to Mumbai; in an interview, Holtzberg said he understood the nature of their needs. Born in Israel but having grown up in Brooklyn, Holtzberg said that the travelers "[needed] relief from the army, from work, from real life".[15] He said, "they come here to do everything the army didn't allow them to do. Their shoes had to be polished and tied—here they wear sandals. They had to cut their hair—here they grow their hair long."[15]
In addition, "Jews from all nationalities stopped there—primarily Israelis, but also those from Singapore and other places. It was almost like a second home to them," said Elijah Jacob, the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee's country manager for India. "Our country director used to say it was like a second home to him because of all of the Jews there on Shabbat."[12]
Holtzberg also helped some of the local synagogues to solicit for donations, do fundraising for the T'feret Israel Synagogue, in central Mumbai in Jacobs Circle, and helped build a mikvah there. Also, he was officially a shochet, making chickens available to the local Jewish community, making challah for the community, and the couple was "available for the community," there to answer Halakhic principles of the local community.[12]
Chabad officials said they were certain the Mumbai house would reopen, and within hours of news of the Holtzbergs' deaths, young Chabad couples from around the world offered to move to Mumbai to continue their work.[14]
The Chabad House offered a broad range of services to the community.[18][19]
2008 Mumbai attacks
editNariman House was seized and attacked during the November 2008 Mumbai attacks.[20][21] At around 21:45, on Wednesday, 26 November,[5] two attackers named Babar Imran and Nasir (the oldest in the group of 9 at 28) launched an attack on the centre.[22] Newscasters[who?] were calling it the "final assault".[23] The building is near the Leopold Cafe, another establishment attacked during the strike. However, a later report alleged that Nariman House was actually the main target of the series of attacks and the rest of the targets were only to amplify the effect.[24]
Initially it was reported that six Israeli Jews were being held hostage.[20] Later, Chabad spokesman in Israel, Moni Ender, said that there were at least eight Israelis inside the house, including Rabbi Gavriel Holtzberg and his wife, Rivka.[23][25] The rabbi's two-year-old son Moshe was rescued by his nanny,[25] Sandra Samuel, who had worked for the centre for the previous five years.[26] The hostages were allegedly tortured.[27] Some of the victims had been bound.[28]
It was reported that gunmen fired indiscriminately towards those present.[20] Late on 27 November, unnamed Maharashtra government officials said that eight hostages had been released.[26][29][30] Later, Israeli Foreign Ministry spokesman Yigal Palmor said that the eight people seen near Chabad House were not Jewish hostages but local Indians from a home in the same compound.[4] Early on 28 November a large blast was heard at the centre as fighting continued,[31] even though other sources were reporting that the building was under the control of Indian special forces.[4]
During the siege U.S. Chabad official Rabbi Levi Shemtov talked with one of the attackers on Holtzberg's cell phone.[32] The FBI and other negotiation experts helped guide him through the process, which included around five phone calls.[32][33] Having to find an Urdu speaker to speak with him,[34] they were unable to directly speak to any of the hostages, but Shemtov did say he heard the voice of one woman screaming in English, "please help immediately."[32]
Shortly before dawn,[35] Indian special forces began an attack on Nariman House that lasted until after sundown. The operation began when 22 NSG Commandos rappelled out from an Indian Air Force Mi-17 helicopter on the roof of the building. NSG Commandos were in position in the adjacent buildings to provide cover fire to the assault team if needed. Commandos entered the building from the top and two loud blasts were heard followed by heavy gunfire. Most of the operation was broadcast live on television as news footage showed troops abseiling from a helicopter into the building and soldiers on the ground closing in.[36] Initially it was reported that five hostages[37] were killed, but it was later upgraded to six deaths,[38][39] eight by Saturday morning[39] after two missing Israelis made contact with the Israeli Foreign Ministry.[40] When the raid ended at sundown everyone inside the building was dead,[32] including the rabbi and his wife.[41] An Indian commando, Gajender Singh Bisht, was killed during the operation. According to ZAKA members,[clarification needed] at least one hostage, Holtzberg, might have been killed in the crossfire when the commandos moved in; this was rejected by government authorities as stories and irresponsible comments.[42]
Some of the other hostages were killed by the attackers on the first night and the following day.[40] Rivka Holtzberg and Yocheved Orpaz had been killed many hours before Nariman House was retaken.[43]
A handout provided by Indian police identified the two attackers killed at Nariman House as Nasir (alias Abu Umar) and Babar Imaran.[44][45]
Victims
editThe following is a list of the civilians who died:[28][39][40][46]
| Name | Age | Nationality |
|---|---|---|
| Rabbi Gavriel Holtzberg | 29 | |
| Rebbetzin Rivka Holtzberg | 28 | |
| Bentzion Kruman | 26 | |
| Rabbi Leibish Teitelbaum | 37 | |
| Yoheved Orpaz | 62 | |
| Norma Shvarzblat Rabinovich | 50 |
Reactions
edit"Gabi and Rivky Holtzberg made the ultimate sacrifice. As emissaries to Mumbai, Gabi and Rivky gave up the comforts of the West in order to spread Jewish pride in a corner of the world that was a frequent stop for throngs of Israeli tourists. Their Chabad House was popular among the local community, as well as with visiting business people. For five years, they ran a synagogue and Torah classes, and helped people dealing with drug addiction and poverty. Their selfless love will live on with all the people they touched. We will continue the work they started."
— Statement from Chabad-Lubavitch – Merkos L'Inyonei Chinuch, the educational arm of Chabad-Lubavitch.[41]
Memorial
editIn 2018 the Nariman House was renamed Nariman Light House. Ten years after the Mumbai attacks, a memorial was opened at Nariman House, to commemorate the victims. The first phase was to place a plaque on the building's roof, listing all the names of the victims. In the second phase, the entire flooring of the fifth floor, in which Rabbi Gavriel lived with his wife Rivka and son Moshe, was painted white so it should look like it was 10 years before the attack.[47][48]
See also
edit- History of the Jews in India
- List of synagogues in India
- Sarah Avraham, an athlete and friend of the Holtzbergs who converted to Judaism following their death
References
edit- ^ a b "The latest on Mumbai areas under attack". CNN. 28 November 2008. Retrieved 28 November 2008.
- ^ At Chabad in NY, an agonized limbo... and prayer[permanent dead link]
- ^ The Hindu
- ^ a b c Horovitz, David; Matthew Wagner (27 November 2008). "10 hostages reportedly freed from Mumbai Chabad House". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 27 November 2008.[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b BBC: Jewish centre seized in Mumbai
- ^ J'lem Post: Powerful explosion reported at Chabad House in Mumbai[permanent dead link]
- ^ Tracking the Mumbai Attacks
- ^ Ynet reporters (27 November 2008). "Terrorists seize Chabad offices in Mumbai". Ynet. Retrieved 27 November 2008.
- ^ LA Times
- ^ "Tehelka". Archived from the original on 1 December 2008. Retrieved 1 December 2008.
- ^ "Chabad of India". Archived from the original on 24 July 2008. Retrieved 27 November 2008.
- ^ a b c JTA Archived 18 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Nariman to house of cards
- ^ a b c "Chabad Movement Vows to Continue Work of Couple Killed in Attack". The New York Times. December 2008. Archived from the original on 14 March 2021.
- ^ a b c Israelis Invade India "Dikla Kadosh" 17 May 2006 Archived 1 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b CNN
- ^ "Chabad: Holtzberg couple killed in Mumbai". Ynet. 28 November 2008. Retrieved 28 November 2008.
- ^ "Chabad-Lubavitch of Mumbai – Mumbai, India". Chabad.org. Retrieved 17 August 2013.[self-published source?]
- ^ "Mumbai victims' son searches for mother". Ynet News.
- ^ a b c "Yediot Ahronot: Report: 6 Israelis held hostage in Mumbai". Ynet News.
- ^ "Mumbai terror kills 65". Deccan Herald. 27 November 2008.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Fear for lives of Jewish hostages at Mumbai Chabad center". Ynet News.
- ^ a b "no title". Jpost (in French).
{{cite news}}: Cite uses generic title (help)[permanent dead link] - ^ "Nariman House, not Taj, was the prime target on 26/11". Daily News and Analysis. 5 January 2009. Retrieved 5 January 2009.
- ^ a b "Parents of Chabad emissary's wife 'praying for salvation'". Ynet News.
- ^ a b "'I just grabbed the baby and ran,' says Mumbai Chabad employee". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 7 December 2008. Retrieved 27 November 2008.
- ^ "Mumbai terror attacks: And then they came for the Jews". Times of London.[dead link]
- ^ a b "Jewish Center Is Stormed, and 6 Hostages Die". The New York Times. 28 November 2008.
- ^ "Several hostages reported freed from Chabad center". Ynet News.
- ^ "Holtzberg toddler asking for his mother". Ynet News.
- ^ "Blast heard at Chabad center". Ynet News.
- ^ a b c d Fox News
- ^ "Report: U.S. Shaliach Spoke to Terrorist". COL Live.
- ^ Viswanath, P. V. (4 December 2008). "Talking With a Terrorist: An Endless Call to India". Forward magazine. Retrieved 14 November 2024.
- ^ "Commandos abseil onto Jewish centre". Times of London.[dead link]
- ^ "Indian forces storm Jewish centre". BBC.
- ^ "Rabbi, wife among Mumbai terror deaths". CNN. 27 November 2008. Retrieved 27 November 2008.
- ^ "Jewish Center Is Stormed, and 6 Hostages Die". The New York Times. 29 November 2008. Archived from the original on 30 May 2023.
- ^ a b c 2 more bodies found at Jewish center in Mumbai
- ^ a b c "French-language news from Israel, the Middle East & the Jewish World". JPost (in French). 13 August 2013. Retrieved 17 August 2013.[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b Runyan, Joshua; Seligson, Moti (28 November 2008). "UPDATE: Mumbai-Based Rabbi and Wife Killed in Terrorist Attacks" (Press release). Chabad.org. Retrieved 28 November 2008.
- ^ "State angry at Zaka's Mumbai 'meddling'". JPost (in French).[permanent dead link]
- ^ "We will not show the pain we feel … not now". The Globe and Mail. Toronto. Archived from the original on 3 December 2008. Archived 7 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "no title". The National Post. 10 December 2008. p. A13.
{{cite news}}: Cite uses generic title (help) - ^ "Pakistan arrests suspected mastermind of Mumbai attacks". Los Angeles Times. 10 December 2008.
- ^ Kozak, Warren. "Remembering the Terror in Mumbai". The Wall Street Journal.
- ^ Shaikh, Mustafa (29 November 2018). "Nariman House to be turned into memorial for all 26/11 victims". India Today. Retrieved 4 June 2019.
- ^ "In Memoriam: Plaque For 26/11 Victims Comes Up at Mumbai's Nariman House". NDTV.com. Retrieved 4 June 2019.