Richard Neile (or Neale; 1562 – 31 October 1640) was an English churchman, bishop successively of six English dioceses, more than any other man, including the Archdiocese of York from 1631 until his death.
Richard Neile | |
|---|---|
| Archbishop of York | |
| Installed | 1631 |
| Term ended | 1640 |
| Predecessor | Samuel Harsnett |
| Successor | John Williams |
| Personal details | |
| Born | baptised 11 March 1562 |
| Died | 31 October 1640 (aged 78) |
| Nationality | British |
| Denomination | Church of England |
| Education | Westminster School |
| Alma mater | St.John's College, Cambridge |
Early life
editNeile was born in Westminster, and baptised on 11 March 1562 at St Margaret's, Westminster.[1]
He was son of a tallow-chandler, though his grandfather had been a courtier and official under Henry VIII, until he was deprived for non-compliance with the Six Articles. He was educated at Westminster School, under Edward Grant and William Camden. He was sent by Mildred, Lady Burghley (wife of William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley), on the recommendation of Gabriel Goodman to St John's College, Cambridge as a pensioner,[1][2] matriculating at Easter 1580, graduating B.A. 1584, M.A. 1587, B.D. 1595, D.D. 1600.[1]
Ordained deacon and priest at Peterborough in 1589,[1] he continued to enjoy the patronage of the Burghley family, residing in their household, and became chaplain to Lord Burghley, and later to his son Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury.[2]
He preached before Queen Elizabeth, and became vicar of Cheshunt, Hertfordshire (1590) and rector of Toddington, Bedfordshire (1598).[1] He was appointed Master of the Savoy in 1602, and in July 1603 Clerk of the Closet,[3] a position he would hold until 1632. On 5 November 1605 he was installed Dean of Westminster, resigning the deanery in 1610.[2]
Bishop
editHe held successively the bishoprics of Rochester (1608), Lichfield and Coventry (1610), Lincoln (1614), Durham (1617), and Winchester (1628), and the archbishopric of York (1631).
While at Rochester he appointed William Laud as his chaplain and gave him several valuable preferments. His political activity while bishop of Durham was rewarded with a privy councillorship in 1627. Neile sat regularly in the courts of Star Chamber and High Commission. His correspondence with Laud and with Sir Dudley Carleton and Sir Francis Windebank (Charles I's secretaries of state) are valuable sources for the history of the time. He was involved in the last burning at the stake for heresy in England, that of the Arian Edward Wightman in 1612.[citation needed]
Oliver Cromwell made only one speech during his first stint as a Member of Parliament for Huntingdon in the Parliament of 1628–1629, a poorly received attack against Neile, possibly over disagreement with his form of Arminianism.[4]
Family
editNeile was the father of Sir Paul Neile, astronomer and politician, and grandfather of William Neile, mathematician.[5] His brother, another William Neile (1560–1624), was a book-collector who left 880 books to his children at his death.[6]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e "Neale, Richard (NL580R)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
- ^ a b c Hutton, W. H. (1894). . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 40. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
- ^ McCullough, Peter (1998). Sermons at Court: Politics and Religion in Elizabethan and Jacobean Preaching. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press. p. 110. ISBN 9780521590464. Retrieved 4 September 2019.
- ^ Morrill 1990, pp. 25–26.
- ^ . Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
- ^ Westminster Archives, Commissary Court of the Dean and Chapter of Westminster wills, Camden 27.
- Morrill, John (1990). "The Making of Oliver Cromwell". In Morrill, John (ed.). Oliver Cromwell and the English Revolution. London: Longman. ISBN 0-582-01675-4.
Attribution
editThis article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: "Neile, Richard". Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Neile, Richard". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 350.