Replicating scientific findings is a fundamental aspect of research. However, in studies of discomfort due to glare, it is difficult to make comparisons between the results of different experiments since the statistical tests usuallyreported do not allow independent findings to be directly compared to each other. Here we present an alternative Bayesian approach that can address this problem. To show how this approach works, we performed a laboratory test with 55 participants to validate the effect of order bias previously detected in a similar study evaluating discomfort due to glare but, this time, under a large luminous source. Using the luminance adjustment procedure, the glare source was varied to meet four sensations of discomfort due to glare. Adjustments were performed under three different order sequences: ascending, descending, and randomised. Test participants provided glare settings using a newly proposed evaluation scale. The effect of order bias detected in the original study was compared to the data obtained with the same methodological procedure in the new experiment using Bayesian inferential tests. The results showed a close replication, highlighting that the order bias effect found in the original study was also present in the new experiment. The wide application of Bayesian methods in thedesign and analysis of experimental studies may improve the accuracy and validity of glare models.

This report documents the UFAD module specifications for EnergyPlus v3.1 and higher. We have conducted extensive validation of the interior zone model for Price swirl and York MIT1 variable area (VA) diffusers. These correlations should not be considered to be applicable to other diffuser types. (See below for user procedures to support other diffuser brands and types.)

The ability to discern the content of the view through a window is referred to as view clarity. It is often overlooked in the design process, and the methods of shading daylight can affect window views. We conducted a narrative review of building standards and the scientific literature to better understand how shades can be designed so as to retain the window view. View clarity was characterised by three main dimensions: (1) the shading solution, (2) the view content and (3) the observer. Each dimension and the interactions between them influence view clarity. These interactions make it difficult to predict view clarity for all the situations that can occur in buildings. Nonetheless, we highlighted the effects of different shades on the view clarity. Our insights can help designers consider these impacts within the context of overall window design.