Rudy Giuliani

Rudy Giuliani
	; (2016)
Ainm sa teanga dhúchais	(en) Rudolph Giuliani
Beathaisnéis
Breith	(en) Rudolph William Louis Giuliani ; 28 Bealtaine 1944 ; 80 bliana d'aois; Brooklyn, New York
107 Méara Nua Eabhrac
	1 Eanáir 1994 – 31 Nollaig 2001 ; ← David Dinkins – Michael Bloomberg →
Ard-Aighne na Stát Aontaithe do Cheantar Theas Nua-Eabhrac
	3 Meitheamh 1983 – 1 Eanáir 1989 ; ← John S. Martin Jr. – Benito Romano →
Ard-Aighne na Stát Aontaithe
	20 Feabhra 1981 – 3 Meitheamh 1983 ; ← John H. Shenefield (en) – D. Lowell Jensen →
Faisnéis phearsanta
Scoil a d'fhreastail sé/sí	Coláiste Manhattan ; Bishop Loughlin Memorial High School (en) ; Scoil Dlí Ollscoil Nua-Eabhrac ; Ollscoil Nua-Eabhrac
Céim acadúil	Baitsiléir Ealaíon
Gníomhaíocht
Gairm	dlíodóir, scríbhneoir, polaiteoir, fiontraí
Ball de pháirtí polaitíochta	Páirtí Poblachtach
Teangacha	Béarla
Teaghlach
Céile	Regina Peruggi (en) (1968–1982); Donna Hanover (1984–2002); Judith Giuliani (2003–2019)
Máthair	Helen Giuliani
	Gradam a fuarthas (2018) Gradam Doublespeak; (2002) Medal of Heroism (en) ; (2001) Duine na Bliana ón irisleabhar Time; (2001) Gradam Bambi; (1998) Richard A. Cook Gold Medal (en) ; dochtúireacht oinigh ó Ollscoil Syracuse; Christopher Award (en) ; dochtúireacht oinigh Bronnta ag Ollscoil Oileán Rhode; Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (en) ; Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (en) ; Gradam na Meán Gearmánach; Gradam Saoirse Ronald Reagan; Gradam an Phláta Óir; Ellis Island Medal of Honor (en) ;
	Síniú

Is polaiteoir agus dlíodóir Meiriceánach é Rudolph William Louis Giuliani (a rugadh ar an 28 Bealtaine 1944) a bhí ina 107ú Méara ar Chathair Nua-Eabhrach ó 1994 go 2001. Roimhe seo bhí sé ina Ard-Aighne Comhlach sna Stáit Aontaithe ó 1981 go 1983 agus ina Aturnae Stáit do Cheantar Theas Nua-Eabhrac ó 1983 go 1989..^[1]^[2]

Bhí Giuliani i gceannas ar ionchúiseamh feidearálach na 1980í ar cheannairí mafia Chathair Nua-Eabhrac mar Aturnae SAM do Cheantar Theas Nua-Eabhrac.^[3] Tar éis feachtas teipthe ar son Mhéara Chathair Nua-Eabhrac i dtoghchán 1989, d’éirigh leis i 1993, agus atoghadh é i 1997, ag feachtasaíocht ar ardán “dian ar choiriúlacht”.^[1] ^[4] Bhí sé i gceannas ar "civic cleanup" chonspóideach Nua-Eabhrac mar mhéara air ó 1994 go 2001.^[1] ^[5] Cheap an Méara Giuliani duine ón taobh amuigh, William Bratton, mar choimisinéir póilíneachta nua i gCathair Nua-Eabhrac.^[4] Ag athchóiriú cleachtais riaracháin agus póilíneachta na roinne póilíneachta, chuir siad 'Teoiric na bhFuinneog Briste' i bhfeidhm,^[4] a luann mí-ord sóisialta, cosúil le drochbhail agus loitiméireacht, mar chúis le handúiligh, bacaigh, agus striapacha a bheith ag crochadh thart, agus ina dhiaidh sin coirpigh tromchúiseacha agus foréigneacha a mhealladh.^[6] Mar shampla, bhain Giuliani bacaigh agus clubanna gnéis ó Times Square.^[7] De réir mar a thit rátaí coireachta go géar, i bhfad chun tosaigh ar an meánluas náisiúnta, tugadh creidiúint go forleathan do Ghiuliani, cé go luann léirmheastóirí níos déanaí fachtóirí eile a chuireann leis..^[1] Sa bhliain 2000, bhí sé in iomaíocht i gcoinne Hillary Clinton, Céadbhean na Stát Aontaithe, le haghaidh suíochán Seanad na Stát Aontaithe ó Nua-Eabhrac, ach d'fhág an rás nuair a fuair sé amach go raibh hailse próstatach air.^[8]^[9] As a cheannaireacht méara tar éis an Ionsaithe 11 Meán Fómhair, glaodh "America's mayor" air..^[4] Ainmníodh é mar Phearsa na Bliana ag an iris "Time" do 2001 ^[10] agus thug Banríon Eilís II na Ríochta Aontaithe ridireacht oinigh dó i 2002 .

Tagairtí

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Robertiello (2012). "Citation is missing a title. Either specify one, or click here and a bot will try to complete the citation details for you. {{{title}}}": 698–699. Thousand Oaks CA, New Delhi, London: SAGE Publications. ISBN 9781412988780. Earráid leis an lua: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Robertiello" defined multiple times with different content
↑ Ní mór duit title = agus url = a shonrú nuair a úsáideann tú {{Teimpléad:Cite web-en}}.“”. www.presidency.ucsb.edu.
↑ Tá ort na shonrú' 'teideal = agus' 'url = nuair a úsáideann {{ lua idirlín}}."". The New Yorker.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 Kelling (1996). "Citation is missing a title. Either specify one, or click here and a bot will try to complete the citation details for you. {{{title}}}": 143–144. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 9780684837383.
↑ Whether lionized or criticized, "Giuliani's cleanup", especially of Manhattan, most famously Times Square, is widely recognized: B. McKee, "Rules and regulations alone can't revive America's downtowns", Architecture (American Institute of Architects), 1998 Mar;87:11; Jane E. Jeffrey, "Dramatic convergence in Times Square", in Phyllis R. Brown, Linda A. McMillin & Katharina M. Wilson, eds., Hrotsvit of Gandersheim: Contexts, Identities, Affinities, and Performances (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2004), pp 251–252; Alan Sinfield, Shakespeare, Authority, Sexuality: Unfinished Business in Cultural Materialism (New York Routledge, 2006), p 195; David Freeland, Automats, Taxi Dances, and Vaudeville: Excavating Manhattan's Lost Places of Leisure (New York & London: New York University Press, 2009), p 79; Michael Codella & Bruce Bennett, Alphaville: 1988, Crime, Punishment, and the Battle for New York City's Lower East Side (New York: St. Martin's Press, 2010), indexing "Giuliani's cleanup" Curtha i gcartlann 2023-11-07 ar an Wayback Machine; Ramón Rivera-Servera, Performing Queer Latinidad: Dance, Sexuality, Politics (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2012), p 147; Insight Guides Pocket New York (UK: Apa Publications, 2016), indexing "Giuliani's cleanup"; Mark Coran, Opinion: letter to the editor: "Where have you gone, Rudy Giuliani?", The New York Times, online June 13, 2018, print June 14, 2018, § A, p 26.
↑ Donner (2012). "Citation is missing a title. Either specify one, or click here and a bot will try to complete the citation details for you. {{{title}}}": 390–395. Thousand Oaks CA, New Delhi, London: SAGE Publications. ISBN 9781412988780.
↑ Jeffrey (2004). "{{{title}}}": 251–252. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 9780802089625.
↑ Tá ort na shonrú' 'teideal = agus' 'url = nuair a úsáideann {{ lua idirlín}}."". Vanity Fair.
↑ Tá ort na shonrú' 'teideal = agus' 'url = nuair a úsáideann {{ lua idirlín}}."". The New York Times.
↑ Tá ort na shonrú' 'teideal = agus' 'url = nuair a úsáideann {{ lua idirlín}}."". Time. Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar September 28, 2010.

[Robertiello-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Robertiello (2012). "Citation is missing a title. Either specify one, or click here and a bot will try to complete the citation details for you. {{{title}}}": 698–699. Thousand Oaks CA, New Delhi, London: SAGE Publications. ISBN 9781412988780. Earráid leis an lua: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Robertiello" defined multiple times with different content

[2] Ní mór duit title = agus url = a shonrú nuair a úsáideann tú {{Teimpléad:Cite web-en}}.“”. www.presidency.ucsb.edu.

[:5-3] Tá ort na shonrú' 'teideal = agus' 'url = nuair a úsáideann {{ lua idirlín}}."". The New Yorker.

[:4-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 Kelling (1996). "Citation is missing a title. Either specify one, or click here and a bot will try to complete the citation details for you. {{{title}}}": 143–144. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 9780684837383.

[:7-5] Whether lionized or criticized, "Giuliani's cleanup", especially of Manhattan, most famously Times Square, is widely recognized: B. McKee, "Rules and regulations alone can't revive America's downtowns", Architecture (American Institute of Architects), 1998 Mar;87:11; Jane E. Jeffrey, "Dramatic convergence in Times Square", in Phyllis R. Brown, Linda A. McMillin & Katharina M. Wilson, eds., Hrotsvit of Gandersheim: Contexts, Identities, Affinities, and Performances (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2004), pp 251–252; Alan Sinfield, Shakespeare, Authority, Sexuality: Unfinished Business in Cultural Materialism (New York Routledge, 2006), p 195; David Freeland, Automats, Taxi Dances, and Vaudeville: Excavating Manhattan's Lost Places of Leisure (New York & London: New York University Press, 2009), p 79; Michael Codella & Bruce Bennett, Alphaville: 1988, Crime, Punishment, and the Battle for New York City's Lower East Side (New York: St. Martin's Press, 2010), indexing "Giuliani's cleanup" Curtha i gcartlann 2023-11-07 ar an Wayback Machine; Ramón Rivera-Servera, Performing Queer Latinidad: Dance, Sexuality, Politics (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2012), p 147; Insight Guides Pocket New York (UK: Apa Publications, 2016), indexing "Giuliani's cleanup"; Mark Coran, Opinion: letter to the editor: "Where have you gone, Rudy Giuliani?", The New York Times, online June 13, 2018, print June 14, 2018, § A, p 26.

[6] Donner (2012). "Citation is missing a title. Either specify one, or click here and a bot will try to complete the citation details for you. {{{title}}}": 390–395. Thousand Oaks CA, New Delhi, London: SAGE Publications. ISBN 9781412988780.

[7] Jeffrey (2004). "{{{title}}}": 251–252. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 9780802089625.

[8] Tá ort na shonrú' 'teideal = agus' 'url = nuair a úsáideann {{ lua idirlín}}."". Vanity Fair.

[9] Tá ort na shonrú' 'teideal = agus' 'url = nuair a úsáideann {{ lua idirlín}}."". The New York Times.

[10] Tá ort na shonrú' 'teideal = agus' 'url = nuair a úsáideann {{ lua idirlín}}."". Time. Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar September 28, 2010.

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