Seeds

The 'seeds issue' was what got GRAIN started almost 30 years ago, and it is still a central area of work for us. The biodiversity in farmers' fields is eroding at alarming rates, while the corporate seed sector is reaching unprecedented levels of control through the push for hybrids, genetically-modified organisms (GMOs) and concentration. Across the world, governments are promoting or allowing restrictive seed and intellectual property laws that grant exclusive power to the corporate sector while limiting the possibilities of small farmers to save, exchange and further develop their own varieties. But equally all over the world, social movements are sprouting up and growing to challenge these developments and establish networks to conserve and use local materials. 

This programme area allows GRAIN to be part of this movement and contribute with research and information work, as well as capacity and movement building support.

Who rules the roost? Corporate vs community poultry in Africa

Ghana was once self-sufficient in chicken. Then imports pushed by the World Bank decimated local farms. Now 90% of its poultry needs are imported. Today, the chicken business across Africa is fast becoming industrialised, threatening local diversity.

Ghana was once self-sufficient in chicken. Then imports pushed by the World Bank decimated local farms. Now 90% of its poultry needs are imported. Today, the chicken business across Africa is fast becoming industrialised, threatening local diversity.

Free trade agreements pushing UPOV as of 2025

New dataset from GRAIN shows how free trade agreements are used to push countries to adopt laws that criminalise seed saving and undermine food sovereignty. The UAE is now pushing UPOV through FTAs with partners like Cambodia, Malaysia and Mauritius. We must stop UPOV to protect farmers rights to seeds.

New dataset from GRAIN shows how free trade agreements are used to push countries to adopt laws that criminalise seed saving and undermine food sovereignty. The UAE is now pushing UPOV through FTAs with partners like Cambodia, Malaysia and Mauritius. We must stop UPOV to protect farmers rights to seeds.

The pitfalls of trying to protect farmers’ seeds through laws

The seed industry is using legal strategy through intellectual property rights and restrictive marketing laws to expand their footprint and profits. Is using the same legal framework the best strategy to fight back?

The seed industry is using legal strategy through intellectual property rights and restrictive marketing laws to expand their footprint and profits. Is using the same legal framework the best strategy to fight back?

The #StopUPOV campaign

UPOV has destroyed biodiversity and made farmers hostage of seed corporations. On 2 December 2021, to mark six decades of UPOV's seed privatisation, hundreds of civil society and farmers' groups around the world came together to oppose the corporate hijack of seed systems and demand the dismantling of UPOV. Join some 400 groups and individuals participating in the campaign.

UPOV has destroyed biodiversity and made farmers hostage of seed corporations. On 2 December 2021, to mark six decades of UPOV's seed privatisation, hundreds of civil society and farmers' groups around the world came together to oppose the corporate hijack of seed systems and demand the dismantling of UPOV. Join some 400 groups and individuals participating in the campaign.

Seeds, sovereignty & struggle: The ongoing battle against UPOV & seed privatisation

Through plant breeders’ rights, patents, and seed marketing laws, big corporations are stripping away people’s right to save, exchange and reproduce seeds. From Argentina to Zambia, peasants, indigenous people and civil society are united in resistance.

Through plant breeders’ rights, patents, and seed marketing laws, big corporations are stripping away people’s right to save, exchange and reproduce seeds. From Argentina to Zambia, peasants, indigenous people and civil society are united in resistance.

Corporate bioinputs: Agribusiness's new toxic trap

Rising production costs and chemical pesticide bans are pushing top agrochemical corporations like Bayer, BASF & Yara to the global bioinputs market. Yet, the impact might be just as harmful to the environment and farmers as the chemical alternatives.

Rising production costs and chemical pesticide bans are pushing top agrochemical corporations like Bayer, BASF & Yara to the global bioinputs market. Yet, the impact might be just as harmful to the environment and farmers as the chemical alternatives.

Peoples of Mesoamerica in defence of seeds and maize

Maize and seeds have been fundamental to the food sovereignty of Mesoamerica. Today, the free use and exchange of seeds is threatened by ‘UPOV laws’ promoted by transnational seed companies. Mesoamerican organisations are joining forces to resist and denounce the advance of these laws and regulations.

Maize and seeds have been fundamental to the food sovereignty of Mesoamerica. Today, the free use and exchange of seeds is threatened by ‘UPOV laws’ promoted by transnational seed companies. Mesoamerican organisations are joining forces to resist and denounce the advance of these laws and regulations.

Victory against GM Golden Rice and Bt Eggplant in the Philippines court, a momentous win in the global fight against GMOs

The resilience of farmers, consumers in the Philippines against Golden Rice, Bt eggplant and other GMO crops in their countries which have been vindicated by the Supreme Court have become a testament that people’s persistence prevails in the face of corporate capture of our agriculture and food system.

The resilience of farmers, consumers in the Philippines against Golden Rice, Bt eggplant and other GMO crops in their countries which have been vindicated by the Supreme Court have become a testament that people’s persistence prevails in the face of corporate capture of our agriculture and food system.

No to GM wheat! Global alliance seeks UN intervention against GM Wheat HB4 cultivation

Food sovereignty alliance from Latin America, Africa, and Asia approach seven UN Special Rapporteurs for urgent intervention to block cultivation and trade of GM wheat HB4

Food sovereignty alliance from Latin America, Africa, and Asia approach seven UN Special Rapporteurs for urgent intervention to block cultivation and trade of GM wheat HB4

Bolivia: yet another testing ground for GMOs?

The climate crisis is both a consequence and a cause of the expansion of agriculture and deforestation. Promoting more GM crops such as HB4 wheat in Bolivia as a response to drought is like trying to extinguish a blaze by adding fuel to the fire.

The climate crisis is both a consequence and a cause of the expansion of agriculture and deforestation. Promoting more GM crops such as HB4 wheat in Bolivia as a response to drought is like trying to extinguish a blaze by adding fuel to the fire.

A call for civil disobedience against the privatisation of peasant seeds

We are determined to resist the dispossession of seeds from the hands of the people. We vigorously oppose registration, certification, patenting and marketing schemes, treaties, conventions, national and international laws and legal frameworks such as UPOV and other seed laws that promote the dispossession of the common goods and knowledge of our peoples.

We are determined to resist the dispossession of seeds from the hands of the people. We vigorously oppose registration, certification, patenting and marketing schemes, treaties, conventions, national and international laws and legal frameworks such as UPOV and other seed laws that promote the dispossession of the common goods and knowledge of our peoples.

Transgenic rice once again proposed as solution to bacterial blight outbreaks, this time in Africa

Scientists from an international rice initiative claim the patented transgenic varieties they have developed are the solution to an outbreak of bacterial blight in rice fields in East Africa. A similar argument was used 20 years ago to try and introduce a transgenic variety of rice in Asia.

Scientists from an international rice initiative claim the patented transgenic varieties they have developed are the solution to an outbreak of bacterial blight in rice fields in East Africa. A similar argument was used 20 years ago to try and introduce a transgenic variety of rice in Asia.

What future for seeds under the African Free Trade Area?

The African Free Trade Agreement requires the protection of intellectual property rights on seeds. Given that half of African countries are already aligned with the UPOV model, which serves industrial agriculture, the agreement will boost this trend.

The African Free Trade Agreement requires the protection of intellectual property rights on seeds. Given that half of African countries are already aligned with the UPOV model, which serves industrial agriculture, the agreement will boost this trend.

The corn conflict between Mexico and the USA: smoke and mirrors

A months-old conflict is pitting Mexico against the USA over the acceptance or rejection of biotech imports. Mexico wants to ban GM corn imports for direct human consumption. The USA is threatening sanctions.

A months-old conflict is pitting Mexico against the USA over the acceptance or rejection of biotech imports. Mexico wants to ban GM corn imports for direct human consumption. The USA is threatening sanctions.