Duniyar Musulunci
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Duniyar Musulunci ta ƙunshi dukkan mutanen da suke cikin Musulunci. Ba wuri ne na ainihi ba, amma dai al'umma ne. Lokacin da suke yin abubuwa tare a matsayinsu na 'yan uwan junamusulmai, sune "umma", wanda ke nufin "al'umma" wanda ke nufin dukkan masu imani. Bangaskiyar tana jaddada hadin kai da kare 'yan uwa musulmai, don haka abu ne na gama gari wadannan al'ummomin su bada hadin kai. Rikice-rikicen baya-bayan nan a cikin Duniyar Musulmai wani lokaci sun yadu saboda wannan sha'awar na hada kai (duba kasa). Hakanan yana yiwuwa wasu an sanya su gajeru kuma ba su da lahani saboda shi. Wasu ma ba su fara ba.
Yawan jama'a
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Musulmai suna cikin kasyashe da yawa. A cikin ƙasashe 52, Musulmai sun fi yawa. Kusan dukkansu 'yan Sunna ne. Suna magana game da yaruka 60 kuma sun fito ne daga kowane ƙabila.
- Musulmai miliyan 10.4 a Kanada da Amurka
- Musulmai miliyan 2.2 a Latin da Amurka ta Tsakiya
- Musulmai miliyan 10.0 a Tarayyar Turai haɗe da Bosnia-Herzegovina da Albania
- kaɗan ko kaɗan a Gabashin Turai, Norway
- Musulmai miliyan 62.4 a Turkiyya
- Musulmai miliyan 284.4 a cikin Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa gami da Iraki (tare da 'yan Shi'a miliyan 15, kashi 60% na yawan jama'ar)
- 254.0 Musulmai a Yankin Saharar Afirka
- Musulmai miliyan 65.4 (90% Shi'a ) a Iran
- Musulmai miliyan 48.5 a Asiya ta Tsakiya - a Azerbaijan, Uzebekistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan - tsoffin jamhuriyoyin Tarayyar Sobiyat'
- Musulmai miliyan 26.7 a Rasha
- Musulmai miliyan 22.7 a Afghanistan
- Musulmai miliyan 230.0 a Pakistan da Bangladesh (a da can yankin gabashin Bengal ne ).
- Musulmai miliyan 133.3 a Indiya (waɗanda suka haɗa da Jammu da Kashmir ) - mafi yawan tsiraru a duniya
- Musulmai miliyan 133.1 a China - kusan na biyu kenan
- Musulmai miliyan 34.6 a Somaliya
- Musulmai miliyan 196.3 a Indonesia
- Musulmai miliyan 30.0 a sauran yankin Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya, musamman Malesiya
- kaɗan ko kaɗan a Japan, Australia, New Zealand, Mongolia, ko South Pacific
- 1.5 biliyan duka
A kafafen sadarwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Gidan talabijin na tauraron ɗan adam na Al-Jazeera a cikin harshen larabci shine tushen labarai da yawa musulmai ke kallo.
A galibin ƙasashen Musulmi, gwamnati ita ce babbar hanyar samun labarai. Wannan wani lokaci yakan sanya ya zama da wahala ko haɗari sosai don yin maganganun adawa da gwamnati.
Duk da haka, akwai wasu shirye-shiryen labarai da yanar gizo da yawa a duniyar musulmai.
Musulunci a shari’a da da’a
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Shari'ar Musulunci ta wanzu a cikin bambance-bambancen da yawa - a larabci ana kiranta shariah- makarantu biyar waɗanda aka ƙirƙira su ƙarni da suka gabata. Waɗannan su ne na gargajiya fiqh: da Hanafi makaranta daga Indiya, Pakistan da kuma Bangaladesh, Yammacin Afrika, Misira, da Maliki a arewacin Afirka da kuma yankin yammacin Afirka, da Shafi a Malaysia da kuma Indonesia, da Hanbali a Arabia, da kuma Jaferi a Iran da kuma kasar Iraki-inda mafiya yawansu yan Shia ne. Duk biyar din sun tsufa kuma Musulmai da yawa suna jin cewa dole ne a ƙirƙiri sabon fiqhu don zamantakewar zamani. Musulunci yana da hanyar yin hakan, al-urf da ijtihadi kalmomi ne da za su bayyana wannan hanyar, amma ba a yi amfani da su cikin dogon lokaci ba, kuma mutane kalilan ne aka aminta da su don amfani da su don yin sabbin dokoki.
Don haka, a galibin ƙasashen musulmai, mutane suna da ra'ayin mazan jiya, musamman game da shaye-shaye, zina, zubar da ciki da kuma mata da ke aiki a wuraren da ake amfani da su don yaudarar kwastomomi.
Mata musulmai galibi suna yin suturar da ta dace, kuma da yawa suna yin hakan ta zaɓa. Amma a wasu kasashen an tilasta musu yin hakan ba da son ransu ba. Wannan na daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da tashin hankali tsakanin Yammacin Duniya da na Musulmai.
Tattalin arzikin musulunci ya hana bashi amma a yawancin ƙasashen musulmai an yarda da bankunan yamma. Wannan wani batun ne da musulmai da yawa suke da shi da kasashen yamma.
Musulunci a siyasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na yawan mutanen duniya suna raba addinin Islama a matsayin al'adar ɗabi'a.
Mutane da yawa a cikin waɗannan ƙasashe kuma suna ganin Musulunci a matsayin ƙungiyar siyasa. A cikin ƙasashen dimokiradiyya galibi akwai aƙalla jam’iyya daya ta Musulunci.
Addinin Musulunci na siyasa yana da ƙarfi a duk ƙasashen da Musulmai suka fi yawa. Jam’iyyun Islama a Pakistan da Algeria sun karbi mulki.
Da yawa daga cikin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi suna kiran kansu masu kishin Islama,wanda kuma wani lokacin ke bayyana ƙungiyoyin Islama masu tsattsauran ra'ayi. Dangantaka tsakanin waɗannan rukunin da ra'ayoyinsu na dimokiraɗiyya suna da rikitarwa.
Wasu daga cikin wadannan ƙungiyoyin ana kiransu 'yan ta'adda saboda suna afkawa fararen hular wasu kasashen da ba musulmai ba,don yin batun siyasa.
Rikici da Isra’ila da Amurka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Isra’ila ba ta da matukar farin jini a duniyar Musulmi, saboda rikicin Isra’ila da Falasdinu da kuma yadda kasar Isra’ila ta samu kanta a shekarar 1948 wanda Larabawa da yawa suke ganin bai dace ba.
Wasu Musulmai na ganin wannan a matsayin yakar yahudawa ko yahudawa, amma ba duka ba. Misali a Maroko, a kwanan nan masu kishin Islama sun gayyaci yahudawa zuwa jam'iyyar.Kungiyoyin yahudawa kuma suna hada kai da Larabawa a Yammacin Kogin Jordan,inda Neturei Karta (shugaban yahudawan da ke kyamar yahudawa) Rabbi Mosche Hirsch ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Harkokin Yahudawa a Fatah kafin a sami Hukumar Falasdinawa. Kamar Larabawa, wannan ƙaramin rukuni na yahudawa suna ganin yadda aka halicci Isra'ila ba daidai bane. Koyaya, Yahudawa ƙalilan ne suka gaskata wannan, kuma mafi yawansu suna goyon bayan Isra'ila a matsayin kasa.
A cikin shekarar 1979 an sami babban canji game da yadda duniyar Musulmai take mu'amala da sauran ƙasashen duniya. A waccan shekarar, Masar ta yi sulhu da Isra’ila, Iran ta zama kasar Musulunci bayan juyin juya hali, sannan akwai mamayar Afganistan ta Tarayyar Soviet . Abubuwa da yawa sun canza a waccan shekarar. Zuwa 2001 Tarayyar Soviet ta tafi, Jodan ma sun yi sulhu da Isra’ila, kuma a ranar 11 ga watan Satumbar, 2001 an kai wasu manyan hare-hare kan Amurka wanda galibin mutane suka yi imanin cewa an yi su ne don korar Amurka daga duniyar Musulmi, musamman Saudiyya. Ta hanyoyi da yawa al'amuran 1979 suka haifar da abubuwan 2001.
Mamayewar Afghanistan a 2001 da mamayewar 2003 a Iraq ana kiranta wani ɓangare na Yaƙi da Ta’addanci da Amurka. Da yawa ko mafi yawan musulmai suna ganin kamar Yaki ne akan Musulunci . Bayan mamayar, jam'iyyun Islama sun sami karin kujeru, kuma akasarin musulmin da aka zaba a kasashe da dama sun nuna goyon baya ga Osama bin Laden kuma sun ce zai "yi abin da ya dace". Olivier Roy wani malamin Faransa ne wanda ke ganin cewa wannan ba ya nuna goyon baya ga al-Qaeda ko Islama mai gwagwarmaya amma yana adawa da mulkin mallaka da abin da Musulmai da yawa ke kira wariyar launin fata kyakkyawar kulawa ga yahudawa musamman waɗanda ke zaune a yankunan Yammacin Kogin Jordan, wadanda da yawa daga cikinsu suna da Amurka ko Ingila. fasfo, kuma wanda Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ce ba su da ikon zama a wurin.
Yanayin yana da rikitarwa kuma akwai ra'ayoyi daban-daban game da shi.
Ungiya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ƙungiyar Taron Musulunci wanda aka kafa a 1969 ya bar ƙasashen musulmai suyi aiki a matsayin ƙungiya. Rasha ta shiga cikin 2003.
Ƙungiyar Larabawa ƙaramin rukuni ne na ƙasashen Larabawa kawai.
OPEC wani dandali ne inda ake samun matsala tsakanin kasashen musulmai da wadanda ba musulmi ba. A cikin shekarar 1973 dan nuna rashin amincewa da goyon bayan Amurka ga Isra'ila akwai takunkumin mai wanda ya haifar da rikicin makamashi a shekarar 1973.
Shafuka masu alaƙa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Tarihin Musulunci
- Hajji