Noma a Najeriya
Noma a Najeriya | |
---|---|
agriculture by country or territory (en) | |
Bayanai | |
Ƙaramin ɓangare na | agriculture of the Earth (en) |
Facet of (en) | Najeriya |
Ƙasa | Najeriya |
Aikin noma babban bangare ne na Tattalin arzikin Najeriya, [1] wanda ya kai kashi 35% na jimlar aikin yi a shekarar 2020. [2] A cewar FAO, [1] aikin noma ya kasance tushen tattalin arzikin Najeriya, [1] samar da abinci ga yawancin 'yan Najeriya da samar da miliyoyin ayyuka. [3][4][5][6] Tare da mai, Najeriya ta dogara da kayan aikin gona da take fitarwa don samar da mafi yawan kudaden shiga na kasa.[6] Sashin noma a Najeriya ya kunshi sassa hudu: samar da amfanin gona, dabbobi, gandun daji, da kamun kifi.
Najeriya tana da jimlar yankin noma na hekta miliyan 70.8, [7] daga cikinsu hekta miliyan 34 kasa ce mai noma, [8] ana amfani da hekta miliyan 6.5 don amfanin gona na dindindin, kuma hekta miliyan 30.3 makiyaya ne da makiyaya.
Masara, cassava, masara, Groundnut da yam sune manyan amfanin gona da ake noma a Najeriya, tare da kashi 70% na iyalai da ke aikin noma. A kudu, kashi 7.3% na gidaje suna yin kamun kifi, yayin da kashi 69.3% na gidajen ke da ko kiwon dabbobi a arewa maso yammacin Najeriya.[9]
NoSashin yana fuskantar canji ta hanyar kasuwanci a kananan, matsakaici, da manyan matakan kasuwanci.[10] Koyaya, akwai dalilai da yawa a cikin bangaren noma na Najeriya wadanda zasu iya hana ci gabanta, gami da tsarin mallakar ƙasa wanda ke iyakance samun dama ga kasa, mataki ci gaban ban ruwa na ƙasar, iyakance karbar binciken bincike da fasaha, farashin kayan aikin gona, adadin samun damar bashi da gudanar da cibiyoyin kwarewa suka ba da izini don ci gaban bangaren noma, hanyoyin sayen taki da rarrabawa, tasirin kayan adanawa, da adadin samun dama ga kasuwanni.
Kwanan nan, canje-canje a cikin matsakaicin yanayi zafi, Ruwan sama, matsanancin yanayi, da karuwar cututtukan cututtuka da suka danganci Canjin yanayi sun haifar da kalubale ga amincin tsarin aikin gona na ƙasar.[11] Wannan ya hadu da dogaro da aikin gona mai ruwan sama, wanda ya sa bangaren ya kasance mai saukin kamuwa da yanayin yanayi.[12]
Wadannan duk suna ba da gudummawa ga amfanin gona da asarar bayan girbi da sharar gida a Najeriya.[3] Rashin karatu da rubutu yana daya daga cikin dalilai da yawa da ke hana ci gaba da ci gaban noma a Najeriya. Bincike ya tabbatar da cewa yawancin manoma a Najeriya ba su sami ilimi na yau da kullun ba.[13]
Karfin hali
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A lokacin samun 'yancin Najeriya (1960), fitar da abinci ya kai sama da kashi 70% na Gross National Product (GNP) na kasar.[14] Koyaya, a cikin shekaru 25 masu zuwa, halin da ake ciki ya juya, tare da kayan abinci da ke da asusun sama da 50% na shigo da su. Duk da samun kasa mai kyau, samar da abinci a Najeriya ya ragu, kuma samar da abinci ga kowane mutum ya ragu, wanda ya haifar da karuwar fiye da sau bakwai a shigo da hatsi.
A cikin shekarun 1970s, gwamnatin Najeriya ta inganta amfani da taki don magance batun.[15]A shekara ta 1990, daga cikin jimlar yankin Najeriya na kimanin hekta miliyan 91, an gano hekta miliyan 82 sun dace da noma, amma kashi 42% ne kawai na yankin noma. An yi amfani da "tsarin shuke-shuke", wanda ya hada da kasar da aka bar ba ta aiki na wani lokaci don ba da damar sake farfadowa na halitta na haihuwa. Bugu da kari, an rarraba hekta miliyan 18 a matsayin makiyaya na dindindin, amma suna da damar tallafawa amfanin gona, kuma mafi yawan hekta miliyan 20 da gandun daji da gandun dajin suka rufe an yi imanin suna da damar noma.[16]
Gidajen noma kananan ne kuma sun warwatse, kuma ana yin noma tare da kayan aiki masu sauki. Aikin noma mai girma ba abu ne na kowa ba. Aikin noma ya ba da gudummawa kashi 32% ga GDP a shekara ta 2001.Samfuri:Excerpt
- Tunanin maniyyi miliyan 59.6 (mafi girma a duniya). Najeriya tana da asusun har zuwa kashi 20% na samar da cassava a duniya, kusan kashi 34 cikin 100 na Afirka, da kuma kusan kashi 46 cikin 100 na Yammacin Afirka; [3]
- Tunanin yam miliyan 47.5 (mafi girma a duniya); [17]
- Tunanin taro miliyan 3.3 (mafi girma a duniya); [18]
- 2.6 miliyan ton na cowpea (mafi girma mai samarwa a duniya); [19]
- 6.8 miliyan ton na sorghum (mafi girma mai samarwa a duniya); [20][21]
- 2 miliyan ton na okra (2nd mafi girma samarwa a duniya, na biyu kawai zuwa Indiya); [22]
- 2.8 miliyan ton na man shanu (3rd mafi girma a duniya, na biyu kawai zuwa China da Indiya);
- Tunanin dankalin turawa miliyan 4 (mai samar da dankalin da ya fi girma a duniya, na biyu kawai bayan China da Malawi);
- 369 dubu ton na ginger (3rd mafi girma samarwa a duniya, rasa kawai ga Indiya da China);
- 2.2 miliyan ton na millet (4th mafi girma a duniya, na biyu kawai zuwa Indiya, Nijar, da Sudan);
- Tunanin Man dabino miliyan 7.8 (4th mafi girma a duniya, na biyu kawai ga Indonesia, Malaysia, da Thailand);
- Tunanin dubu 572 na tsaba na sesame (4th mafi girma a duniya, rasa kawai ga Sudan, Myanmar, da Indiya);
- 332 dubu ton na koko (4th mafi girma a duniya, na biyu kawai zuwa Ivory Coast, Ghana, da Indonesia);
- Tunanin miliyan 3 na plantain (5th mafi girma a duniya);
- 833 dubu ton na papaya (6th mafi girma samarwa a duniya);
- Tunanin pineapple miliyan 1.6 (mai samar da 7 a duniya);
- Tunanin Tumar miliyan 3.9 (mai samar da mafi girma a duniya);
- 6.8 miliyan ton na shinkafa (daya daga cikin manyan masu samar da shinkafa a Afirka, [3] 14th mafi girma a duniya);
- Tunanin masara miliyan 10.1 (mai samar da masara na 14 a duniya);
- Tunanin kayan lambu miliyan 7.5.
- 1.4 miliyan ton na sukari;
- 1.3 miliyan ton na dankali;
- 949 dubu ton na mango (ciki har da mangosteen da guava);
- 938 tan dubu na albasa;
- 758 tan dubu na soya;
- Tunanin dubu 747 na albasa mai laushi;
- Tunanin dubu 585 na egusi;
- 263 tan dubu na sheanut;
- Tunanin kwakwa dubu 150.
Baya ga kananan kayan aikin gona, [23] Najeriya ta samar da kimanin tan miliyan 2.2 na kifi a cikin shekara ta 2008. [3]
Kayayyakin Noma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kayan da ake nomawa a Najeriya sun hada da wake, shinkafa, sesame, goro, rogo, koko, gyada, danko arabic, kolanut, koko, masara (masara), kankana, gero, dabino, man dabino, plantain, shinkafa, roba, dawa. , wake, ayaba, da dawa.[24] b A baya, an san Najeriya da fitar da man fetur da Man dabino.[25] Koyaya, a cikin shekaru, yawan fitar da wadannan samfuran ya ragu. Shekaru da yawa da suka gabata, kamfanonin Najeriya na cikin gida sun fara fitar da groundnuts, cashew nuts, sesame seeds, moringa seeds, ginger, koko, da sauran amfanin gona.[26]
Kayayyakin na kasar ta fada cikin manyan kungiyoyi biyu: amfanin gona da aka samar don amfani da gida da amfanin gona na tsabar kudi da aka sayar don riba kuma aka fitar dashi zuwa kasashen waje. Kafin Yaƙin basasar Najeriya, kasar ta wadata da kanta a abinci, amma hakan ya faru agu bayan 1973. Gurasar da aka yi daga alkama na Amurka ta maye gurbin amfanin gona na gida a matsayin abinci mafi arha.[27] Tsakanin 1980 da 2016, samar da yam ya karu daga kimanin tan miliyan 5 zuwa tan miliyan 44.[28]
Tones da aka samar a | 1980 | 2000 | 2006 |
---|---|---|---|
Masara | 612,000[28] | 4107,000 | 764,678 |
Gero | 2824,000 | 5,814,000 | 1,468,668 |
Masarar Guinea | 3,690,000 | 7,719,000 | 6,939,335 |
Doya | 5,250,000[28] | 26,210,000 | 44,109,615 |
Rogo | 11,500,000 | 32,697,000 | 57,134,478 |
Shinkafar Paddy | 1,090,000 | 3,298,000 | 6,070,813 |
Irin kankana | 94,000[27] | 345,000 | 569,398 |
Cocoyam | 208,000 | 3,886,000 | 3,175,842 |
Tsabar sesame | 15,000 | 72,000 | 460,988 |
koko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Noman koko a Najeriya, Cocoa ita ce mafi girma da ba ta man fetur ba, amma rinjayen masu karamin karfi da rashin aikin gona saboda karuwar birane yana hana samar da kayayyaki. Wasu abubuwan da ke hana samar da koko sun hada da samar da kudi, rashin hadin kai, da karancin daukar sabbin nau'ikan tsire-tsire don gyara tsofaffi da noma sabbin gonaki. Masu ruwa da tsaki da yawa ne suka gano wadannan abubuwan.[29] Farfado da Masana'antar Cocoa ta Najeriya Kalubalen dai ya raba kasar daga kasancewa kasa ta biyu a kan noman koko zuwa na hudu, wanda Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana, da Indonesia suka mamaye. A shekarar 1969, Najeriya ta samar da ton 145,000 na koko; duk da haka, yana da damar samar da sama da 300,000 a kowace shekara. Gwamnatin Najeriya na iya baiwa manoman koko karin kwarin gwiwa don kara yawan amfanin gona.[27]
Roba[30]
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Roba ita ce ta biyu mafi girma da ba ta mai.[5] Ana noman robar a jahohi daban-daban a Najeriya, da suka hada da Edo, Delta, Ondo, Ogun, Abia, Anambra, Akwa Ibom, Cross Rivers, Ebonyi, da Bayelsa.[31] Robar dabi'a na taka muhimmiyar rawa a tattalin arzikin Najeriya, inda ya yi amfani da muhimman abubuwa guda uku: yana samar da albarkatun kasa ga masana'antun noma, yana samar da kudaden musaya na kasashen waje, sannan ya tabbatar da Najeriya a matsayin fitacciyar mai fitar da roba a duniya, tare da samar da kayayyaki. samar da ayyukan yi ga dimbin manoman karkara.[32][33]
Man Ja/Kwakwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Man Ja na da yawan sinadarin carotene, wadanda ke zama sanadin samun bitamin A, da tocopherols, da kuma antioxidants, ana amfani da man dabino mafi yawa wajen dafa abinci da soyawa a Najeriya. Ya haifar da sha'awar amfani da dabino a matsayin tushen tushen bitamin A a Afirka.[34] Duk da cewa gonakin dabino da kadarori sun mamaye sama da hekta 118,264, sun kai kashi 5% na yawan danyen man da Najeriya ke hakowa. Ko da yake cake din kernel sananne ne a gonakin Yamma a matsayin kayan abinci mai amfani, galibi ana amfani da shi azaman tushen fiber da kuzari a cikin rarrabuwar kifaye, tsuntsaye, da aladu har kwanan nan. Masana’antar dabino ta zama wani bangare na tattalin arzikin Najeriya, wanda ke samar da abinci da danyen kayan abinci, kayan kwalliya, magunguna, robobi, da kuma samar da makamashin halittu. A Najeriya cibiyar da ke da bayanai kan dabino ita ce Cibiyar Binciken Dabino ta Najeriya. Aikin da cibiyar ke da shi shi ne ta gudanar da bincike kan noma da kayayyakin da ake samarwa na dabino da sauran dabino da suka shafi tattalin arziki da mika sakamakon bincikensa ga manoma.[34]
Ya zuwa shekarar 2023 jihar Edo ce ke kan gaba a harkar noman dabino a Najeriya, sakamakon gagarumar gudunmawar da kamfanin Flourmills Nigeria, Dufil, da Saro Africa suka bayar, wadanda suka hada dubunnan kadada na dabino a jihar.[35]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "10 Roles of Agriculture in Nigeria Economic Development". InfoGuideNigeria.com (in Turanci). 2020-12-06. Retrieved 2022-12-17.
- ↑ "Employment in agriculture (% of total employment) (modelled ILO estimate) - Nigeria". Work Bank Data. World Bank. 2020. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 "Nigeria at a glance | FAO in Nigeria | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations". www.fao.org. Retrieved 2020-11-24.
- ↑ "Nigeria: agriculture sector share in employment". Statista (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-12-17.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Adeite, Adedotun (2022-04-14). "Agriculture in Nigeria: 7 Interesting Facts & Statistics". Babban Gona (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-12-16.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 jlukmon (2022-11-18). "List 10 Importance of Agriculture in Nigeria". ABOUT NIGERIANS (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2022-12-16. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
- ↑ "Nigeria at a glance | FAO in Nigeria | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations". www.fao.org. Retrieved 2022-12-17.
- ↑ cycles, This text provides general information Statista assumes no liability for the information given being complete or correct Due to varying update; Text, Statistics Can Display More up-to-Date Data Than Referenced in the. "Topic: Agriculture in Nigeria". Statista (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-12-17.
- ↑ "Topic: Agriculture in Nigeria". Statista (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-08-12.
- ↑ Olomola Ade S. (2007) “Strategies for Managing the Opportunities and Challenges of the Current Agricultural Commodity Booms in SSA” in Seminar Papers on Managing Commodity Booms in Sub-Saharan (:Africa: A Publication of the AERC Senior Policy Seminar IX. African Economic Research Consortium (AERC), Nairobi, Kenya
- ↑ Kurukulasuriya, Pradeep (2013). "Climate Change and Agriculture: A Review of Impacts and Adaptations". Climate Change Series 91 Environment Department Papers, World Bank, Washington, D.C.
- ↑ Olayide, Olawale Emmanuel; Tetteh, Isaac Kow; Popoola, Labode (December 2016). "Differential impacts of rainfall and irrigation on agricultural production in Nigeria: Any lessons for climate-smart agriculture?". Agricultural Water Management. 178: 30–36. doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2016.08.034. ISSN 0378-3774.
- ↑ "6 Agriculture Problems in Nigeria—and Solutions". agricdemy.com. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
- ↑ "Economy". www.nigeriahc.org.uk. Retrieved 2022-02-28.
- ↑ Pasquini, MW; Alexander, MJ (2005). "Soil fertility management strategies on the Jos Plateau: the need for integrating 'Empirical' and 'Scientific' knowledge in agricultural development". Geographical Journal. 171 (2): 112–124. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4959.2005.00154.x.
- ↑ "Nigeria - Agriculture". countrystudies.us. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
- ↑ omotolani (2022-03-28). "Nigeria is the highest producer of yam, thanks to these states". Pulse Nigeria (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-12-16.
- ↑ "Top Taro Producing Countries In The World". WorldAtlas (in Turanci). 2017-11-28. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
- ↑ "You are being redirected..." www.iita.org. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
- ↑ "Sorghum Production by Country | World Agricultural Production 2022/2023". www.worldagriculturalproduction.com (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-12-16.[permanent dead link]
- ↑ "Sorghum Production by Country in 1000 MT - Country Rankings". www.indexmundi.com. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
- ↑ "World Okra Production by Country". AtlasBig (in Turanci). 1970-01-01. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
- ↑ Nigeria production in 2018, by FAO
- ↑ https://nairametrics.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Agriculture-sector-e1559821657183.jpg
- ↑ https://mmsplusng.com/step-by-step-guide-to-a-lucrative-palm-oil-exporting-business/#:~:text=In%20order%20to%20export%20palm,concession%2C%20shipping%20documents%20et%20al.&text=Before%20you%20can%20export%20goods,you%20must%20register%20a%20company.
- ↑ Adesoji, Bamidele Samuel (2019-09-25). "Nigeria's top 10 agricultural exports hit N152 billion in half-year 2019". Nairametrics (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-03-21.
- ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 Nigeria agriculture
- ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 Verter, Nahanga (2015-05-01). "An Analysis of Yam Production in Nigeria". Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis. 63 (2): 659–665. doi:10.11118/actaun201563020659.
- ↑ https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.AGR.EMPL.ZS?locations=NG
- ↑ https://babbangona.com/agriculture-in-nigeria-7-interesting-facts-statistics/
- ↑ https://oec.world/en/profile/bilateral-product/rubber/reporter/nga
- ↑ https://www.rubberstudy.org/nigeria#:~:text=Rubber%20is%20grown%20in%20Edo,confined%20to%20footwear%20sector%20now.&text=Currently%20there%20is%20no%20production%20of%20synthetic%20rubber%20in%20Nigeria.
- ↑ https://foramfera.com/2016/03/01/rubber-tree-cultivation-in-nigeria-the-investment-opportunity/#:~:text=Natural%20rubber%20performs%20three%20main,sizeable%20segment%20of%20the%20Nigerian
- ↑ 34.0 34.1 https://nifor.org.ng/
- ↑ https://businessday.ng/news/article/as-manufacturers-order-n241bn-worth-of-palm-oil/