Bahasa Kucha
| Bahasa Kucha
Kuśiññe Kuche Tokharia B | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Prasasti berbahasa Tokharia bertuliskan: "Buddha ini dilukis oleh tangan Sanketava" | |||||||||
| Dituturkan di | Kucha | ||||||||
| Wilayah | Cekungan Tarim, Asia Tengah | ||||||||
| Etnis | Bangsa Tokharia | ||||||||
| Kepunahan | abad ke-9 M | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Kode bahasa | |||||||||
| ISO 639-3 | txb – kode inklusiftxb | ||||||||
LINGUIST List | xtb Tokharia B | ||||||||
| Glottolog | tokh1243[1] | ||||||||
| IETF | txb | ||||||||
| |||||||||
|
Artikel ini mengandung simbol fonetik IPA. Tanpa bantuan render yang baik, Anda akan melihat tanda tanya, kotak, atau simbol lain, bukan karakter Unicode. Untuk pengenalan mengenai simbol IPA, lihat Bantuan:IPA.
| |||||||||
| Pemberitahuan | |
|---|---|
| Templat ini mendeteksi bahwa artikel bahasa ini masih belum dinilai kualitasnya oleh ProyekWiki Bahasa dan ProyekWiki terkait dengan subjek. | |
| Perhatian: untuk penilai, halaman pembicaraan artikel ini telah diisi sehingga penilaian akan berkonflik dengan isi sebelumnya. Harap salin kode dibawah ini sebelum menilai.
Terjadi [[false positive]]? Silakan laporkan kesalahan ini. | |
| 19.50, Jumat, 22 November, 2024 (UTC) • Sebanyak 1.557 artikel belum dinilai |
| Artikel ini adalah bagian dari seri: |
| Topik Indo-Eropa |
|---|
Bahasa Kucha (juga dieja sebagai Kuche, dan juga disebut sebagai bahasa Tokharia B atau Tokharia Barat) adalah suatu bahasa Tokharia yang pernah dituturkan hingga abad ke-9 Masehi, di kerajaan Kucha yang terletak di Cekungan Tarim, Asia Tengah. Bersama dengan Tokharia A dan C, ketiga bahasa tersebut baru ditemukan kembali pada khalayak modern pada abad ke-20.[4][5]
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]Catatan kaki
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, ed. (2023). "Tokharian B". Glottolog 4.8. Jena, Jerman: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ^ "UNESCO Interactive Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger" (dalam bahasa bahasa Inggris, Prancis, Spanyol, Rusia, and Tionghoa). UNESCO. 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 29 April 2022. Diakses tanggal 26 Juni 2011.
- ^ "UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger" (PDF) (dalam bahasa Inggris). UNESCO. 2010. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 31 Mei 2022. Diakses tanggal 31 Mei 2022.
- ^ M. Peyrot, Variation and Change in Tocharian B, Amsterdam and New York, 2008
- ^ Michaël Peyrot (2015), TOCHARIAN LANGUAGE iranicaonline.org
Daftar pustaka
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Penney, J. H. W.. "74. The documentation of Tocharian". In: Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook. Volume 2. Edited by Jared Klein, Brian Joseph and Matthias Fritz. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, 2017. pp. 1298-1303. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110523874-029
- Peyrot, Michaël. Variation and change in Tocharian B. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2008. doi: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004358218
- Widmer, Paul. "79. The dialectology of Tocharian" In: Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook. Volume 2. Edited by Jared Klein, Brian Joseph and Matthias Fritz. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, 2017. pp. 1389-1396. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110523874-034
Pustaka lanjutan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Adams, Douglas Q. “Studies in Tocharian Vocabulary II: Words Pertaining to the Lower Limbs in Tocharian B.” Journal of the American Oriental Society 103, no. 3 (1983): 611–13. https://doi.org/10.2307/602042.
- Adams, Douglas Q. “Studies in Tocharian Vocabulary III: Three Tocharian B Terms for Parts of the Upper Body.” Journal of the American Oriental Society 103, no. 4 (1983): 759–60. https://doi.org/10.2307/602235.
- Adams, Douglas Q. “Studies in Tocharian Vocabulary IV: A Quartet of Words from a Tocharian B Magic Text.” Journal of the American Oriental Society 106, no. 2 (1986): 339–41. https://doi.org/10.2307/601599.
- ARNDT, WALTER W., PAUL W. BROSMAN, FREDERIC E. COENEN, and WERNER P. FRIEDRICH, eds. “On the Interrelationship of the Tocharian Dialects.” In Studies in Historical Linguistics in Honor of George Sherman Lane: Festschrift for George S. Lane, 58:105–34. University of North Carolina Press, 1967. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5149/9781469657035_arndt.13.
- Chao-jung (蓉 慶昭), C. , Kazuyuki (和幸 江南), E. , & Yoshihiro (至弘 岡田), O. "Paper in Eighth-Century Kucha: Discovery of Cotton Fibres within Chinese and Kuchean Documents". In: Central Asiatic Journal Volume 63, Issue 1-2 (2020). pp. 71-104 DOI: https://doi.org/10.13173/centasiaj.63.1-2.0071
- Chen, R. "Vignettes of Buddhist Asceticism: Jottings on Six Fragments in Tocharian B*". In: Central Asiatic Journal Volume 61, Issue 2 (2018). pp. 217-256. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13173/centasiaj.61.2.0217
- Hilmarsson, Jörundur. “West Tocharian Lyauto ‘Hole, Opening’ and Related Words”. In: Historische Sprachforschung [Historical Linguistics] 101, no. 1 (1988): 166–69. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40848921.
- Kim, Ronald I. “Another Look at Tocharian B Ṣarya.” Historische Sprachforschung / Historical Linguistics 122 (2009): 111–17. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41430701.
- Malzahn, Melanie. “Now You See It, Now You Don’t – Bewegliches -o in Tocharisch B”. In: Multilingualism and History of Knowledge, Vol. 2: Linguistic Developments Along the Silkroad: Archaism and Innovation in Tocharian, edited by OLAV HACKSTEIN and RONALD I. KIM, 12:33–82. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 2012. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt3fgk5q.5.
- Ogihara, Hirotoshi. "Chapter 3. Two Fragments of Tocharian B laissez-passers Kept in the Berlin Collection*". In: Great Journeys across the Pamir Mountains. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2018. pp. 33–45. doi: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004362253_004
- Peyrot, Michaёl, and Jens Wilkens. “TWO TOCHARIAN B FRAGMENTS PARALLEL TO THE HARIŚCANDRA-AVADĀNA OF THE OLD UYGHUR DAŚAKARMAPATHĀVADĀNAMĀLĀ.” Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 67, no. 3 (2014): 319–35. https://www.jstor.org/stable/90004169.
- Stumpf, Peter. “Westtocharisch Se-Seṃ: Zwei Paradigmen Oder Nur Eines?”. In: Zeitschrift Für Vergleichende Sprachforschung 90, no. 1/2 (1976): 114–27. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40848492.
- Winter, Werner. “A Linguistic Classification of ‘Tocharian’ B Texts.” Journal of the American Oriental Society 75, no. 4 (1955): 216–25. https://doi.org/10.2307/595385.
- Winter, Werner. “Lexical Interchange between ‘Tocharian’ A and B.” Journal of the American Oriental Society 81, no. 3 (1961): 271–80. https://doi.org/10.2307/595658.
- Wilkens, Jens, Georges-Jean Pinault, and Michaël Peyrot. “A TOCHARIAN B PARALLEL TO THE LEGEND OF KALMĀṢAPĀDA AND SUTASOMA OF THE OLD UYGHUR DAŚAKARMAPATHĀVADĀNAMĀLĀ.” Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 67, no. 1 (2014): 1–18. https://www.jstor.org/stable/90004088.
- Woolner, A. C. “Sanskrit Names of Drugs in Kuchean”. In: The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, no. 4 (1925): 623–38. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25220813.
Pranala luar
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Kamus Bahasa Tokharia B, disusun oleh Douglas Q. Adams