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Nnwere Onwe

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Na nka mmuta uche mmepe na nka ihe omume,ndorr ndoro ochichi, na nke ihe mere eme, nwere onwe bu ikike ime mkpebi doro anya, na-enweghị nrụgide. Òtù ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-achị onwe ha nwere onwe ha ma ọ bụ na-achịkwa onwe ha. A pụkwara ịkọwa nnwere onwe site n'echiche nke ndị ọrụ, ebe ọ na-egosi ọkwa (dị elu) nke ikike enyere onye ọrụ n'ọrụ ya.[1] N'ọnọdụ ndị dị otú ahụ, a maara na nnwere onwe na-eme ka afọ ojuju ọrụ dịkwuo elu. A na-eche na ndị mmadụ na-eme onwe ha na-arụ ọrụ n'onwe ha site na atụmanya ndị ọzọ.[2] N'ihe gbasara ahụike, a na-ewere nkwanye ùgwù maka nnwere onwe onwe onwe onye nke onye ọrịa dịka otu n'ime ọtụtụ ụkpụrụ ụkpụrụ omume dị mkpa na ọgwụ.

Na nke à mmụta mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke ihe ọmụma, esemokwu banyere ókèala nke nnwere onwe gbochiri nyocha nke echiche ọ bụla karịrị nnwere onwe, ruo mgbe e mepụtara ndị nnwere onwe ma mepụta ya n'ime ọmụmụ sayensị na teknụzụ. Dị ka ọ si kwuo, ụlọ ọrụ nke nnwere onwe sayensị dị ugbu a bụ "nnwere onwe na-egosi pụta": Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na ihe owuwu n'ime ngalaba sayensị nwere ike ịsụgharị ma ọ bụ i gosipụta isiokwu dị iche iche nke ngalaba mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị gosipụtara, yana imetụta ha gbasara nhọrọ isiokwu na ọrụ nyocha.

Inwere onwe uno oru nwere ikike di ka onye omeiwu iji nwee ike itinye ma i chusoo ebumnuche goomenti. Uno oru ndi na-achi onwe ha na-ahu maka ichota ihe onwunwe zuru ezu ma o bu na o gbanwee atumatu ha, mmemme, omumu, ibu oru, na oru ha. Mana n'ime nke a, ha ga a lu ihe mgbochi o bula nwere ike ime, di ka nrugide ohanaeze megide mgbe ha nata ma o bu nsogbu mme ka o si a mmadu na ibe ya. Site n'echiche onye omeiwu, iji mataa nnwere onwe ulo oru, a ghaghi itinye onodu nke njikwa onwe onye na ochichi onwe onye. Mmuba nke idu ndu na nkesa nke ibu oru mkpebi ga- abanye uru na nyocha nke ihe onwunwe..

Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) kọwara nnwere onwe site na isiokwu atọ gbasara Ụkpụrụ omume nke oge a. Nke mbụ, nnwere onwe dị ka ikike mmadụ nwere ime mkpebi nke ya na-ewepu ntinye aka ọ bụla site n'aka ndị ọzọ. Nke abụọ, nnwere onwe dị ka ikike ime mkpebi dị otú ahụ site na nnwere onwe onwe nke uche na mgbe echiche onwe onye gasịrị. Nke atọ, dị ka ụzọ dị mma nke ibi ndụ n'onwe ya. N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ dị nkenke, nnwere onwe bụ ikike omume ọma mmadụ nwere, ma ọ bụ ikike anyị nwere iji chee echiche ma mee mkpebi maka onwe anyị na-enye ụfọdụ ikike ma ọ bụ ike n'ihe omume ndị na-eme n'ime ndụ mmadụ kwa ụbọchị.[3]

Ihe gbasa Kant gburu na-ekwu maka inwere onwe bu n'ihe gbasra ozizi omume, na-aju ma ajuju ndi bu isi na ndi a na-adighi ahu anya. O kwere na iji nwee omume oma, a ga-enweriri nnwere onwe . "Autonomous" sitere na okwu ndi Grik autonomos ebe 'auto; putara onwe ya na nomarches ke nnwere onwe ezi uche, nke pụtara naanị na mmadụ nwere ezi uche nwere mkpali ịchịkwa ndụ nke ya. Nnwere onwe ezi uche na-agụnye ime mkpebi nke gị mana enweghị ike ime ya naanị na nzuzo. A na-achọ mmekosia ezi uche dị na ya iji zurite ma ijiri ike anyi ibi n'uwa na ndi ozo.

Friedrich Nietzsche dere banyere nnwere onwe na ọgụ omume.[4] A na-akpọ nnwere onwe n'echiche a dị ka nnwere onwe onwe onwe ma na-agụnye ọtụtụ akụkụ nke onwe, gụnyere nkwanye ùgwù onwe na ọbụna ịhụnanya onwe. Enwere ike ịkọwa nke a dị ka mmetụta nke Kant (Nkwanye ùgwù onwe onye) na Aristotle (Ịhụnanya onwe onye). Maka Nietzsche, iji ikike onwe onye kpọrọ ihe nwere ike idozi esemokwu dị n'etiti ịhụnanya (ịhụnanya onwe onye) na iwu (nkwanye ùgwù onwe onye) nke nwere ike ịsụgharị n'ime eziokwu site na ahụmịhe nke ịbụ onye na-aza ajụjụ onwe ya. N'ihi na Nietzsche na-akọwa inwe mmetụta nke nnwere onwe na ịbụ onye na-ahụ maka ndụ onwe onye, nnwere onwe ma ibu ọrụ onwe nwere ike ijikọta ya na nnwere onwe.[5]

  • Ọnọdụ 1: Omume Omume Omenala / Omume Omonaala: A na-emezu (ma ọ bụ na-emezughị) dabere na ihe obi ụtọ ma ọ bụ ihe si na ya pụta.
    • [Nkebi 0: Ikpe nke Ego: Enweghị echiche omume ọma na-adabere na ọchịchọ onwe onye, gụnyere enweghị echiche nke iwu ma ọ bụ ọrụ.]
    • Nzọụkwụ 1: Ntụziaka Nkwado-Nkwado: A na-erube isi na iwu ahụ naanị iji zere ntaramahụhụ. Nsonaazụ anụ ahụ na-ekpebi ịdị mma ma ọ bụ ihe ọjọọ na ike na-ebute n'enweghị mgbagha na-enweghị nkwanye ùgwù maka uru mmadụ ma ọ bụ omume, ma ọ bụ nkọwa nke nsonaazụ ndị a. Nchegbu bụ maka onwe gị.
    • Nzọụkwụ 2: Ntụziaka Instrumental-Relativist: Omume bụ nke onwe na nke onwe. Enwere mgbanwe nke ọdịmma mana mgbe niile n'okpuru echiche nke igbo mkpa onwe onye. Akụkụ nke ikpe ziri ezi na mmeghachi omume dị ma a na-akọwa ha n'ụzọ dị irè, kama ịnwale ekele ma ọ bụ ikpe ziri ezi. Egocentric na okike ma na-amalite itinye ikike ịhụ ihe site n'echiche nke ndị ọzọ.
  • Ọkwa 2: Omume Omume / Ọrụ Nkwekọrịta: A na-erubere iwu isi dịka nkwekọrịta nke ọha mmadụ si dị.
    • Nzọụkwụ 3: Good Boy-Nice Girl Orientation: A na-atụle omume dị iche iche dịka ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya si dị. A na-erube isi na iwu iji nweta nkwado nke otu ahụ ozugbo ma na-ekpe ikpe omume ziri ezi dabere na ihe ga-amasị ndị ọzọ ma ọ bụ nye echiche na mmadụ bụ ezigbo mmadụ. A na-enyocha omume dịka ebumnuche si dị.
    • Nzọụkwụ 4: Iwu na Ntụziaka: A na-ekpe ndị mmadụ ikpe dịka ikike nke usoro ahụ si dị, ma ọ bụ mkpa nke usoro mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. A na-ebute iwu na usoro ụzọ.
  • Ọkwa nke 3: Omume Omume / Ụkpụrụ Omume A Na-anabata Onwe: A na-etinye ụkpụrụ omume n'ime. A na-achịkwa omume ọma site na ikpe ezi uche, nke sitere na ntụgharị uche na njirimara nke uru nke onye ọ bụla n'ime ọha mmadụ guzobere.
    • Nzọụkwụ 5: Ntụziaka Nkwekọrịta Ọha: E nwere ikike na ụkpụrụ ndị e guzobere n'ụzọ iwu dị ka ụkpụrụ zuru ụwa ọnụ. A na-ekwekọrịta iwu site na usoro na ọha mmadụ na-abịa na nkwekọrịta site na nyocha dị oke egwu iji rite uru na ihe dị mma.
    • Nzọụkwụ 6: Universal Principle Orientation: A na-erubere ụkpụrụ omume Abstract isi na ọkwa onwe onye na mgbakwunye na iwu na mgbakọ ọha na eze. A na-etinye ụkpụrụ zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ikpe ziri ezi, mmeghachi omume, ịha nhata na nkwanye ùgwù mmadụ ma ọ bụrụ na mmadụ emezughị ụkpụrụ ndị a, ikpe mara ma ọ bụ ịkatọ onwe onye.
  1. ↑ Dewey. Autonomy without a self. 
  2. ↑ Bordages (1989-06-01). "Self-Actualization and Personal Autonomy" (in en). Psychological Reports 64 (3_suppl): 1263–1266. DOI:10.2466/pr0.1989.64.3c.1263. ISSN 0033-2941. 
  3. ↑ Sensen (2013). Kant on Moral Autonomy. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1107004863. 
  4. ↑ Reginster (2011-07-31). "Review of Nietzsche on Freedom and Autonomy". The Journal of Nietzsche Studies. Retrieved on 2014-04-02. 
  5. ↑ Gemes (2009). Nietzsche on Freedom and Autonomy. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0191607882. 
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