Basa Uzbèk

Uzbèk
Oʻzbekcha,oʻzbek tili, ўзбек тили, ўзбекча, ئوزبېچه, ئوبېک تیلی
Dituturaké ing	Uzbèkistan, Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Turki, Turkménistan, Tajikistan, Ruslan, Cina
Gunggung panutur	27 yuta
Rumpun basa	Turk Turk Lumrah Karluk Uzbèk; ; ;
Sistem tulisan	Latin, Kiril, Arab, Braille Uzbèk ; (Alfabèt Uzbèk)
Status resmi
Basa resmi ing	Uzbèkistan
Regulated by	No official regulation
Kodhe basa
ISO 639-1	uz
ISO 639-2	uzb
ISO 639-3	either:; uzn – Lor; uzs – Kidul
	Biru peteng = mayoritas; biru padhang = minoritas
	; ;

Basa Uzbèk iku basa Turk lan basa resmi ing Uzbèkistan. Sing asli ngendikan basa iki cacah 27 yuta, ya iku wong-wong Uzbèk ing Uzbèkistan lan ing rupa-rupa panggonan ing Asiah Tengah. Basa Uzbèk iku péranganing kulawarga basa Turk Wétan (Karluk), ya iku turuning kulawarga basa Turk. Basa manca kang mangaribawani basa Uzbèk kaya ta basa Pèrsi, Arab, lan Ruslan. Salah siji titikan kang mbédakaké basa Uzbèk saka basa-basa Turk liyané iku bundhering swara /a/ dadi /ɒ/, awit saka prabawaning basa Pèrsi.

Jeneng

Basa Uzbèk diarani oʻzbek tili utawa oʻzbekcha ing basa Uzbèk dhéwé. Ing alfabèt Kiril, jeneng mau ditulis ўзбек тили lan ўзбекча; ing abjad Arab, ئوزبېک تیلی lan ئوزبېچه.

Sajarah

Wong Turk ayaké ndunungi pinggiring Kali Amu Darya, Syr Darya, lan Zarafshan kawit saorané 600-700 M. Sansaya suwé, wong Turk mau awor karo wong Iran Wétan kang wis manggoni Sogdia, Bactria, lan Khwarezm ndhisikan. Darah Turk pisanan kang nguwasani laladan mau aran Karakhan kang kuwasa ing abad ping 9–12. Karakhan iku gabunganing bangsa Karluks, bangsa Chigils, bangsa Yaghma lan bangsa-bangsa liyané.^[2]

Basa Uzbèk bisa diarani turuning basa Chagatai, ya iku basa susastra ing Asiah Tengah Turk ing wewengkoning Chagatai Khan, Timur, lan darah Timur^[3] (kalebu panggedhé Mughal wiwitan ing Indhu). Basa iki kasuwur awit saka lelabuhané Ali-Shir Nava'i ing abad ping 15 lan 16. Nava'i iku karan dutaning sastra Chagatai.^[4]^[5] Dhèwèké gedhé banget pasumbangé tumrap tuwuhé basa Chagatai kang nurunaké basa Uzbèk lan ingaran kang yasa sastra Uzbèk.^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12] Lumantar wong Karluk, basa Chagatai olèh prabawa basa Pèrsi lan Arab. Ing abad ping 19, basa Chagatai wis arang kanggo ing karya sastra, tumuli cures ing abad ping 20.

Tembung Uzbèk kang saiki kanggo ngarani basa iki ing kala kapungkur tegesé béda. Sadurungé taun 1921 "Uzbèk" lan "Sart" ingaran rong dhialèk kang séjé:

"Uzbèk" iku basa Kipchak kang digawé laras-swara lan minangka basa padinané pranakaning para neneka kang ndunungi Transoxiana kanthi dipandhégani Muhammad Shaybani nalika abad ping 16. Wong-wong mau ndunungi mligi ing sakiwa-tengené Bukhara lan Samarkand. Sanajan mangkono, dhialèk Turk enggonan ing Tashkent uga ngalami laras-swara.
"Sart" iku dhialèk Karluk kang dadi basa padinané wong-wong Turk kang luwih ndhisik ndunungi wewengkon kono, mligi ing Lembah Fergana lan Wewengkon Qashqadaryo, lan sawatara papan ing Wewengkon Samarqand; dhialèk iki ngemu luwih akèh tembung-tembung Arab lan Pèrsi, lan ora ngalami laras-swara.

Ing Khiva, wong Sart ngandikan sawijining basa Oghuz kang kadayan basa Pèrsi. Sawisé taun 1921, réjim Sovyèt mbusak istilah Sart amarga dianggep jeneng kang ala lan ngukuhaké aturan yèn kabèh wong Turk kang ndunungi Turkéstan diarani wong Uzbèk, kalebu wong-wong kang dudu turunan Uzbèk.

Sanajan mangkono, basa tulis baku kang dipilih kanggo républik anyar ing taun 1924 dudu basa "Uzbèk" prarévolusi, nanging basa "Sart" saka laladan Samarkand. Pamilihé iku njalari protès para Bolsheviks Uzbèk kaya ta Fayzulla Khodzhayev. Edward A. Allworth duwé panemu yèn kang mangkono "nglèrèg sajarahing sastra ing wewengkon iku" lan supaya para juru nganggit kaya déné Ali-Shir Nava'i saka abad ping 15 bisa diaku minangka wong Uzbèk.^[13] Kabèh dhialèk Uzbèk isih lestari minangka basa guneman.

Dhialèk

Basa Uzbèk duwé akèh dhialèk kang béda-béda saben laladan. Mangkonoa, ana siji dhialèk kang padha-padha dingertèni kang dienggo ing médhia massa lan pérangan gedhé cap-capan. Sawatara dhialèk kang gedhé panganggoné ya iku dhialèk Tashkent, dhialèk Uzbèk, dhialèk Ferghana, dhialèk Khorezm, dhialèk Chimkent-Turkéstan, lan dhialèk Surkhandarya.

Fonologi

Swara

Swara
	Ngarep	Tengah	Buri
Nutup	ɪ~i	ɨ	u
Sedhengan	e	ɵ	o
Menga	æ	a	ɑ

Wyanjana

		Labial	Dhéntal	Alvéolar	Palatal	Vélar	Uvular	Glotal
Nasal		m		n		ŋ
Plosif/Afrikat	tanpaswara	p	t̪	(ts)	tʃ	k	q	(ʔ)
Plosif/Afrikat	maswara	b	d̪		dʒ	ɡ
Frikatif	tanpaswara	ɸ		s	ʃ		χ	h
Frikatif	maswara	β		z	(ʒ)		ʁ
Aproksiman				l	j
Rotik				r

Réferènsi

↑ Scott Newton (20 November 2014). Law and the Making of the Soviet World: The Red Demiurge. Routledge. kc. 232–. ISBN 978-1-317-92978-9.
↑ The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, 1990
↑ Allworth, Edward (1994). Central Asia: 130 Years of Russian Dominance, a Historical Overview. Duke University Press. kc. 72. ISBN 0-8223-1521-1.
↑ "Navā'ī, (Mir) 'Alī Shīr". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 8 (édhisi ka-15th). Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 1993. kc. 563.
↑ Subtelny, M. E. (1993). "Mīr 'Alī Shīr Nawā'ī". Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. VII. Leiden—New York: Brill Publishers. kc. 90–93.
↑ Valitova, A. A. (1974). "Alisher Navoi". Great Soviet Encyclopedia . Vol. 17 (édhisi ka-3rd). Moscow: Soviet Encyclopedia. kc. 194–195. CS1 dandani: Basa ora kaweruhan (link)
↑ "Navoi, Nizamiddin Mir Alisher". Great Encyclopedic Dictionary (édhisi ka-2nd). Saint Petersburg: Great Russian Encyclopedia. 1997. kc. 777. CS1 dandani: Basa ora kaweruhan (link)
↑ "Alisher Navoi". Writers History. Diarsip saka sing asli ing 16 October 2013. Dibukak ing 26 January 2012.
↑ Maxim Isaev (7 July 2009). "Uzbekistan – The monuments of classical writers of oriental literature are removed in Samarqand". Ferghana News. Dibukak ing 26 January 2012.
↑ Kamola Akilova. "Alisher Navoi and his epoch in the context of Uzbekistan art culture development [sic]". San'at Magazine. Diarsip saka sing asli ing 24 January 2012. Dibukak ing 28 January 2012.
↑ "Uzbek Culture". UzHotels. Diarsip saka sing asli ing 9 May 2012. Dibukak ing 27 January 2012.
↑ "Alisher Navoi – The Crown of Literature". Kitob.uz Children's Digital Library (ing basa Uzbek). Dibukak ing 8 February 2012.^{[pranala mati permanèn]}
↑ Allworth, Edward A. (1990). The Modern Uzbeks: From the Fourteenth Century to the Present: A Cultural History. Hoover Institution Press. kc. 229–230. ISBN 978-0-8179-8732-9.

Kapustakan

Mamatov, Jahangir; Kadirova, Karamat (2008). Comprehensive Uzbek-English Dictionary. Hyattsville, Maryland: Dunwoody Press. ISBN 1931546835. OCLC 300453555.
Csató, Éva Ágnes; Johanson, Lars (1936). The Turkic Languages. London: Routledge. ISBN 0415412617. OCLC 40980286.
Bregel, Yu (1978). "The Sarts in The Khanate of Khiva". Journal of Asian History. 12 (2): 120–151. doi:10.2307/41930294.
Bodrogligeti, András J. E. (2002). Modern Literary Uzbek: A Manual for Intensive Elementary, Intermediate, and Advanced Courses. München: Lincom Europa. ISBN 3895866954. OCLC 51061526.
Fierman, William (1991). Language Planning and National Development: The Uzbek Experience. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. ISBN 3110853388. OCLC 815507595.
Ismatullaev, Khaĭrulla (1995). Modern literary Uzbek I. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University, Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies. ISBN 0933070365. OCLC 34576336.
Karl, A. Krippes (1996). Uzbek-English Dictionary (édhisi ka-Rev). Kensington: Dunwoody Press. ISBN 1881265455. OCLC 35822650.
Sjoberg, Andrée Frances (1997). Uzbek Structural Grammar. Richmond: Curzon Press. ISBN 0700708189. OCLC 468438031.
Waterson, Natalie (1980). Uzbek-English Dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0197135978. OCLC 5100980.
Republic of Uzbekistan, Ministry of Higher and Middle Eductation. Lotin yozuviga asoslangan oʻzbek alifbosi va imlosi Archived 2011-09-21 at the Wayback Machine. (Latin writing based Uzbek alphabet and orthography), Tashkent Finance Institute: Tashkent, 2004.
A. Shermatov. "A New Stage in the Development of Uzbek Dialectology" in Essays on Uzbek History, Culture and Language. Ed. Bakhtiyar A. Nazarov & Denis Sinor. Bloomington, Indiana, 1993, pp. 101–9.

Pranala njaba

Konverter

Bausatra

Dictionary of the Uzbek Language Volume I (А—Р) Archived 2012-10-18 at the Wayback Machine. (Tashkent, 1981)
Dictionary of the Uzbek Language, Volume II (С—Ҳ) Archived 2012-10-18 at the Wayback Machine. (Tashkent, 1981)
English-Uzbek and Uzbek-English online dictionary
English-Uzbek and Uzbek-English online dictionary Archived 2013-01-11 at the Wayback Machine.
Russian-Uzbek and Uzbek-Russian online dictionary Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine.
Uzbek<>Turkish dictionary Archived 2015-01-14 at the Wayback Machine. (Pamukkale University)
Ole Olufsen: "A Vocabulary of the Dialect of Bokhara" [1] (København 1905)

Paramasastra lan éjaan

Introduction to the Uzbek Language Archived 2006-04-09 at the Wayback Machine., Mark Dickens
Principal Orthographic Rules For The Uzbek Language Archived 2012-02-09 at the Wayback Machine., translation of Uzbekistan Cabinet of Minister's Resolution No. 339, of August 24, 1995
Uzbek alphabet, Omniglot

Bahan sinau

Ona tili uz Archived 2012-10-28 at the Wayback Machine., a website about Uzbek
Uzbek language materials Archived 2013-01-26 at the Wayback Machine., Uz-Translations

[Newton2014-1] Scott Newton (20 November 2014). Law and the Making of the Soviet World: The Red Demiurge. Routledge. kc. 232–. ISBN 978-1-317-92978-9.

[sinor-2] The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, 1990

[allworth-3] Allworth, Edward (1994). Central Asia: 130 Years of Russian Dominance, a Historical Overview. Duke University Press. kc. 72. ISBN 0-8223-1521-1.

[McHenry-4] "Navā'ī, (Mir) 'Alī Shīr". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 8 (édhisi ka-15th). Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 1993. kc. 563.

[Subtelny-5] Subtelny, M. E. (1993). "Mīr 'Alī Shīr Nawā'ī". Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. VII. Leiden—New York: Brill Publishers. kc. 90–93.

[Valitova-6] Valitova, A. A. (1974). "Alisher Navoi". Great Soviet Encyclopedia . Vol. 17 (édhisi ka-3rd). Moscow: Soviet Encyclopedia. kc. 194–195. CS1 dandani: Basa ora kaweruhan (link)

[Prokhorov-7] "Navoi, Nizamiddin Mir Alisher". Great Encyclopedic Dictionary (édhisi ka-2nd). Saint Petersburg: Great Russian Encyclopedia. 1997. kc. 777. CS1 dandani: Basa ora kaweruhan (link)

[8] "Alisher Navoi". Writers History. Diarsip saka sing asli ing 16 October 2013. Dibukak ing 26 January 2012.

[9] Maxim Isaev (7 July 2009). "Uzbekistan – The monuments of classical writers of oriental literature are removed in Samarqand". Ferghana News. Dibukak ing 26 January 2012.

[10] Kamola Akilova. "Alisher Navoi and his epoch in the context of Uzbekistan art culture development [sic]". San'at Magazine. Diarsip saka sing asli ing 24 January 2012. Dibukak ing 28 January 2012.

[11] "Uzbek Culture". UzHotels. Diarsip saka sing asli ing 9 May 2012. Dibukak ing 27 January 2012.

[12] "Alisher Navoi – The Crown of Literature". Kitob.uz Children's Digital Library (ing basa Uzbek). Dibukak ing 8 February 2012.^{[pranala mati permanèn]}

[13] Allworth, Edward A. (1990). The Modern Uzbeks: From the Fourteenth Century to the Present: A Cultural History. Hoover Institution Press. kc. 229–230. ISBN 978-0-8179-8732-9.

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