목점박이비둘기

목점박이비둘기
	;
생물 분류ℹ️
계:	동물계
문:	척삭동물문
강:	조강
목:	비둘기목
과:	비둘기과
속:	목점박이비둘기속
종:	목점박이비둘기
학명
	Spilopelia chinensis
	Scopoli,1786
보전상태
	; 최소관심(LC): 절멸위협 조건 만족하지 않음 ; 평가기관: IUCN 적색 목록 3.1[출처 필요]

목점박이비둘기(학명: Spilopelia chinensis)는 남아시아와 중국을 원산지로 하는 비둘기목 비둘기속의 새이다.

분포

원래는 남아시아와 중국을 원산지로 하는 새였으나 애완목적 등의 인위적인 유입으로 호주와 뉴질랜드 술라웨시의 오세아니아 지역과 미국 하와이와 서부지역에서도 자생하게 되었다.^[1]

1917년 무렵 미국 캘리포니아의 로스앤젤래스에 유입되었고 1950년대까지 산타 바바라와 베이커즈필드, 샌디에이고 남부 지역으로 퍼졌으나^[2] 하지만 1980년대부터 개체 수가 감소했고 2000년대 무렵이 되면서 미국의 개체는 거의 사멸했다.^[3]

생태

인간의 거주지에서 사나 성격이 온순하여 농장이나 정원 등에서 먹이 활동을 한다.^[2] 이때 경작 중인 목초지나 잔디밭에서 먹이를 찾는 경향이 있다. 보통 잔디나 곡식, 씨앗, 다른 식물들을 먹이로 삼는다.^[4] 대부분의 먹이를 나무와 관목에서 얻으며 씨앗이나 낱알 등 곡식을 먹는다. 거의 땅 위에서 생활하는데 홀로 다니거나 작은 무리를 지어다닌다. 수컷은 높게 솟아올라 날개짓소리를 내며 암컷에게 보이기 위한 비행을 하는데 한 번 솟아오를 때 30 ~ 40 m까지 올라갈 수 있다. 횃대에서 날개짓소리를 내며 꼬리깃을 펼쳐 암컷에게 구애한다. 목점박이비둘기는 연중번식이 가능하지만 주된 번식활동은 남반구의 경우 9월부터 12월까지,^[5] 북반구의 경우 봄에서 여름 사이에서 이뤄진다.^[6]

둥지는 작고 부드러운 가지로 이뤄지는데 3m 높이의 나무나 풀 등에 둥지를 틀며 버려진 건축물에 둥지를 틀기도 한다. 암수 두마리가 서로 번갈아가면서 두 개의 알을 품는데 크롭 밀크를 먹여 새끼를 키운다. 새끼는 한 번 깃털이 나기 시작하면 둥지를 떠나 부모가 개워낸 먹이를 먹으며 큰다. 이렇게 계절에 한 번 이상 알을 낳을 수 있다.^[6]

외형

몸은 전체적으로 밝은 갈색이고 좀 더 어두운 날개깃털을 가지고 있다. 머리는 회색이고 목과 몸의 끝부분은 분홍색이 섞인 갈색에서 회색을 띈다. 꼬리깃은 하얗고 뒷목에 하얀색 점이 있다. 성별에 따른 차이점은 없으나 어린 새의 경우 목에 점박이무늬가 없다.^[7]

각주

↑ 한국 미기록종 북방쇠개개비(Acrocephalus agricola)와 목점박이비둘기(Streptopelia chinensis)에 관한 보고 (보고서). 2008.n.d. 88p쪽.
↑ ^가 ^나 “Spotted Dove”. 《Audubon》. Native to southern Asia, this dove was introduced into the Los Angeles area of California around 1917. Since then it has gradually spread, occupying areas north to Santa Barbara and Bakersfield and south to San Diego. Living mostly in residential areas, it is usually rather tame, feeding on the ground on lawns and gardens. When disturbed, it flies almost straight up from the ground with noisy flapping of its wings.
↑ “Pigeons and Doves — Family Columbidae” (PDF): 271. the Spotted Dove multiplied and spread, arrived in San Diego County by 1950, and established itself here as an uncommon and local resident. But in the 1980s and 1990s it decreased, and with the turn of the century it died out completely. |인용=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 17) (도움말)
↑ “Spotted Dove Species of Bird:”. 《Pet Health & Care》. 2010년 1월 15일. he regular diet of spotted dove includes grass, grains, seeds and other vegetation. As a species, the Spotted Dove tends to only forage in cultivated lands and grasslands. It does not conform to a breeding season and mates all through the year. Apart from trees, the nests can usually along the edge of residential spaces and interestingly, sometimes on the ground. The Spotted Dove is not a very social bird and it is naturally found either as a solitary bird or with a mate.
↑ “Spotted Dove”. 《BIRDS in BACKYARDS》. 2017년 6월 9일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2017년 5월 26일에 확인함. Spotted Doves feed on grains, seeds and scraps. The birds are seen alone or in small flocks, feeding mostly on the ground. Some seeds may be taken in trees and bushes, and birds often enter animal houses, such as chicken coops, to feed on the commercial food. Spotted Doves breed at any time of the year, but most activity is from September to December. The male performs a display flight, which consists of a steep rising flight with loud wing-clapping. Once the bird reaches a height of about 30 or 40 m above the ground, he then spreads his tail and wings and glides down to a perch. Males also court by walking in front of the female with the black and white neck patch fluffed up while bowing the head up and down.
↑ ^가 ^나 “Spotted dove”. 《New Zealand Bird Online》. Spotted doves breed primarily in spring and summer, but can breed at other times of the year if there is sufficient food and mild weather. The nest is a shallow platform of twigs, usually placed above 3 m in a tree or bush, or even in structures such as disused railway stock wagons. The 2 eggs are incubated by both sexes. Nestlings are semi-altricial, covered at first with wispy down and brooded and fed by both parents, initially with a secretion called ‘crop milk’. Once the feathers begin to develop, the chicks are brooded less, and are fed regurgitated seed. More than one brood can be raised in a season.
↑ “Spotted Dove”. 《BIRDS in BACKYARDS》. 2017년 6월 9일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2017년 5월 26일에 확인함. Spotted Doves are mostly light brown above, with darker centres to the feathers of the back and wings. The head is grey, and the neck and underparts are grey-brown, tinged with pink. In flight the white-tipped tail is clearly seen. The distinguishing feature is the large black collar on the base of the hind-neck, which has many white spots. Sexes are similar in plumage. Young Spotted Doves are similar to adults, but have a mostly dark grey collar instead of black and white.

[1] 한국 미기록종 북방쇠개개비(Acrocephalus agricola)와 목점박이비둘기(Streptopelia chinensis)에 관한 보고 (보고서). 2008.n.d. 88p쪽.

[Audubon-2] 가 ^나 “Spotted Dove”. 《Audubon》. Native to southern Asia, this dove was introduced into the Los Angeles area of California around 1917. Since then it has gradually spread, occupying areas north to Santa Barbara and Bakersfield and south to San Diego. Living mostly in residential areas, it is usually rather tame, feeding on the ground on lawns and gardens. When disturbed, it flies almost straight up from the ground with noisy flapping of its wings.

[3] “Pigeons and Doves — Family Columbidae” (PDF): 271. the Spotted Dove multiplied and spread, arrived in San Diego County by 1950, and established itself here as an uncommon and local resident. But in the 1980s and 1990s it decreased, and with the turn of the century it died out completely. |인용=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 17) (도움말)

[4] “Spotted Dove Species of Bird:”. 《Pet Health & Care》. 2010년 1월 15일. he regular diet of spotted dove includes grass, grains, seeds and other vegetation. As a species, the Spotted Dove tends to only forage in cultivated lands and grasslands. It does not conform to a breeding season and mates all through the year. Apart from trees, the nests can usually along the edge of residential spaces and interestingly, sometimes on the ground. The Spotted Dove is not a very social bird and it is naturally found either as a solitary bird or with a mate.

[5] “Spotted Dove”. 《BIRDS in BACKYARDS》. 2017년 6월 9일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2017년 5월 26일에 확인함. Spotted Doves feed on grains, seeds and scraps. The birds are seen alone or in small flocks, feeding mostly on the ground. Some seeds may be taken in trees and bushes, and birds often enter animal houses, such as chicken coops, to feed on the commercial food. Spotted Doves breed at any time of the year, but most activity is from September to December. The male performs a display flight, which consists of a steep rising flight with loud wing-clapping. Once the bird reaches a height of about 30 or 40 m above the ground, he then spreads his tail and wings and glides down to a perch. Males also court by walking in front of the female with the black and white neck patch fluffed up while bowing the head up and down.

[New_Zealand-6] 가 ^나 “Spotted dove”. 《New Zealand Bird Online》. Spotted doves breed primarily in spring and summer, but can breed at other times of the year if there is sufficient food and mild weather. The nest is a shallow platform of twigs, usually placed above 3 m in a tree or bush, or even in structures such as disused railway stock wagons. The 2 eggs are incubated by both sexes. Nestlings are semi-altricial, covered at first with wispy down and brooded and fed by both parents, initially with a secretion called ‘crop milk’. Once the feathers begin to develop, the chicks are brooded less, and are fed regurgitated seed. More than one brood can be raised in a season.

[7] “Spotted Dove”. 《BIRDS in BACKYARDS》. 2017년 6월 9일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2017년 5월 26일에 확인함. Spotted Doves are mostly light brown above, with darker centres to the feathers of the back and wings. The head is grey, and the neck and underparts are grey-brown, tinged with pink. In flight the white-tipped tail is clearly seen. The distinguishing feature is the large black collar on the base of the hind-neck, which has many white spots. Sexes are similar in plumage. Young Spotted Doves are similar to adults, but have a mostly dark grey collar instead of black and white.

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