How a Mosquito Operates

How a Mosquito Operates (1912)

*** (out of 4)

Winsor McCay film has an overweight man being followed home by a mosquito but things just get worse as the man tries to go to bed. Once in the bed the mosquito begins to attack him in order to get his blood. HOW A MOSQUITO OPERATES isn't a pure masterpiece or anything like that but you can't help but be entertained by his good nature and charm. I think my favorite bits are when the mosquito is having to come up with clever ways to stick the man who after a couple previous times decided to get up under the covers. The animation is extremely good and this includes a sequence where we see the mosquito sticking the man and drawing out the blood. The scene where the mosquito sticks the man's nose is quite painful to watch but it really brings the film to life. What struck me most about the film is the way it's animated but McCay is able to make everything appear so real that you're drawn into the film just like it was live action. The animation looks incredibly good and the two characters are likable in their own way.

Okay, I'll admit this isn't the greatest cartoon ever made. It's silent, consists only of simple pencil drawings and never is all that interesting. So why is it STILL a worthwhile film? Well, it's so early and in its day it was considered state of the art. Plus, the film's creator, Winsor McCay, was responsible for some of the first animated heroes--in the forms of Gertie the Dinosaur and Little Nemo. So, because of this very important and impressive pedigree, this film is of great importance to animators, historians and Cinephiles alike. For what it is (an early experimental film), it is pretty good. Plus, without films like this, later more fleshed out cartoons wouldn't have been possible. Interesting and unique, that's for sure.

Animation historian John Canemaker once rightfully pointed out that HOW A MOSQUITO OPERATES is a milestone in the development of so-called "personality animation." Rather than the surreal metamorphosis parades which characterize the animated movies of the 1900s, HOW A MOSQUITO OPERATES puts two defined personalities in conflict: a gluttonous, arrogant, but crafty mosquito and his anxious human quarry. The film has aged very well since the gags are weird and morbid. However, if mosquitoes squick you out, then you might want to avoid this short-- the mosquito ain't designed like Jiminy Cricket!

Previous to animator Winsor McCay's January 1912 release of "How A Mosquito Operates,' film animation shorts were made up of a series of simple line drawings of nondescript objects or forms of people morphing into alternate shapes. One exception was McCay's 1911's "Little Nemo," where the New York Herald/New York American newspaper comic strip artist had produced the first cartoon of a character gleaned from his "Little Nemo In Slumberland" work. "Little Nemo" showcased the Nemo character going through a series of movements.

His "How a Mosquito Operates" takes an episode from his comic strip "Dream of the Rarebit Fiend" and personalized a mosquito in his quest for drawing blood out of a human. This became cinema's first cartoon that reflects a personality where an insect adopts human traits in its pursuit for a never-ending source of blood nutriments.

McCay made 6,000 drawings on rice paper for this six-minute film. The artist relied on simple black-on-white etchings without a concern for background details. Cel animation, which would make backgrounds fully realized, would come later. To save time and lengthen the time of the movie, McCay looped his drawings in repeated action in several spots.

McCay must have had a heart attack when, during a raging snowstorm in December when he finished all his drawings for the cartoon, he hired a driver in a horse-drawn cab carriage to take his work to Vitagraph Studios to laboriously photograph the etchings onto film. The taxi never arrived at the New York City studios and disappeared for a few days. City police informed McCay after a heart-wrenching wait they found the taxi with all his drawings, untouched, inside the cab with the horses detached from the carriage three miles away. The bundle of drawings took McCay nine months of meticulous work.

Front-ending "How A Mosquito Operates" cartoon, now lost, was similar to "Little Nemo," a live-action sequence where McCay and his daughter are pestered by mosquitos at their New Jersey summer home. They seek out a college professor who speaks insect language, who tells them to draw how the mosquito does his work on humans. The animation we see is the one McCay shows the professor for his interpretation.

Like all of Winsor McKay's cartoons, this little mosquito fable uses his incredible artistic talent to its fullest and contains a surprising amount of wit for such a simple, short subject. Like his newspaper cartoons, McKay's animated films are distinctive in their art and humor, but the animated films are especially interesting because they lie at the very root of cartoons. Gags that are still being used today appear in this little gem. The collected works that contains Mosquito provides an amazing insight into a brand new art form that had unbounded possibilities in the early 1900s, possibilities that arguably are still unfolding today.