Differential evolution (DE) and flower pollination algorithm (FPA) are efficient and novel
meta-heuristic algorithms, which are effective tools for solving global optimization problems (…

Microneedles are a well-known transdermal or transdermal drug delivery system. Different
from intramuscular injection, intravenous injection, etc., the microneedle delivery system …

Image segmentation is crucial for early identification and diagnosis of crop diseases in
agriculture. It helps identify disease areas and characteristics, laying the groundwork for disease …

Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) technology is an emerging approach to degrade
disease‐associated proteins. Here, we report carbon‐dot (CD)‐based PROTACs (CDTACs) …

The successful control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is not only relying
on the development of vaccines, but also depending on the storage, transportation, and …

This paper proposes an improved hybrid genetic algorithm with variable neighborhood search
(HGA-VNS) for addressing the flexible job shop scheduling problem (FJSP) considering …

Because of the problem of the whale optimization algorithm (WOA), such as weak local
search ability, easy fall into local optimality, unable to better balance the exploration and …

Firefly algorithm (FA) is a novel stochastic optimization technique mimicking the inter-attraction
and movement of fireflies. As we all know that male and female fireflies exist in nature, …

When solving constrained optimization problems (COPs) with high-dimension and multi-extreme
problems, genetic algorithm (GA) has the issue of trapping into local optimum. Therefore…

Firefly algorithm (FA) is a new random swarm search optimization algorithm, which simulates
the mutual attraction and movement process of flashing fireflies. The different attraction …