Communications satellite
Communications satellites are satellites stationed in space for the purpose of telecommunications. They relay radio waves between different places.[1] Most are in synchronous orbit. Direct-broadcast satellites transmit many television channels.
Satellite based communication systems can be used for voice and data transmission in remote and underserved locations such as ships at sea. Satellite internet access is internet access provided through satellites. Satellite based systems can be used for providing high quality broadband internet connection to businesses.
Herman Potočnik (writing as 'Herman Noordung') was the first to propose that space stations use radio to communicate with Earth. In October 1945 Arthur C. Clarke published an article titled "Extraterrestrial relays" in the British magazine Wireless World.[2][1] The article described artificial satellites in geostationary orbits to relay radio signals. So, Clarke is often quoted as being the inventor of the communications satellite.[3][4]
Primitive communication satellites were tested in the early 1960s. Geosynchronous satellites became important in the 1970s.
Types of Satellite Orbits
[change | change source]There are 4 main satellite orbits.
- Low Earth Orbit (LEO) - Between 160 km to 2,000 km from Earth surface and completes one orbit in 90 - 120 minutes[5]
- Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO) - 36000 km from Earth
- Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) - Between LEO and GEO orbits
- Elliptical Orbit - A long, narrow orbit that spends much of its time over subarctic areas
Revisit Time
[change | change source]The time taken by satellites to visit the same point on earth again is called the revisit time. Revisit time can be shortened by combining data from multiple satellites.[6]
Other uses of Communication Satellites
[change | change source]In addition to transmitting data, Modern satellites have;
- Optical sensors to capture photographs
- Radar sensors to accurately measure height
- Atmospheric sensors to detect gas levels in air[7]
- To detect damage from Natural disasters[8]
References
[change | change source]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Latifiyan, Pouya; Mazlumi, Farhad; HabibNejad, Saeed (2024). "1". Satellite Internet in the Aviation Industry. Aviation Electronics and Telecommunications Engineering Department (1st ed.). Tehran, Iran: Civil Aviation Technology College. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.25125.92640.
- ↑ "Extraterrestrial Relays". Archived from the original on 25 December 2007.
- ↑ "Arthur C. Clarke, inventor of satellite, visionary in technology, dead at 90". Engadget.com. 18 March 2008. Retrieved 10 February 2016.
- ↑ "Arthur C. Clarke". NY Times. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
- ↑ "Satellites: Types of Orbit". HSAT. 6 August 2020. Retrieved 2 October 2020.
- ↑ "Satellites: Revisit time | Revisit to detect a change". HSAT. 28 July 2020. Retrieved 2 October 2020.
- ↑ "Satellites images - much more than just pictures". HSAT. 25 July 2020. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
- ↑ "Before and After: Hurricane Laura | Satellite Images Shows Damage". HSAT. 1 September 2020. Archived from the original on 25 September 2020. Retrieved 2 October 2020.