Chess Olympiad
Chess Olympiads are chess events open to all national teams. They have been run since 1927 by the world chess organisation, FIDE.[1] Since 1950, they have been run every two years.[2] Earlier events were all-play-all. Then, as numbers grew, a system of qualifying sections were used. In recent times, the format has been a Swiss system. This, in chess terms, is a method whereby opponents are chosen each round to have similar scores. It has been widely used for individual tournaments.[3]
Recognised sport
[change | change source]Chess is a recognized sport by the International Olympic Committee[4] with FIDE being the recognized International Sports Federation for chess since June 1999.[4][5][6][7] As a member of the International Olympic Committee, FIDE adheres to its rules, including controversially having doping tests.[8][9][10][11] The prospects of chess becoming an Olympic sporting event at some future date remain unclear. The naming of FIDE's team championship as the "Chess Olympiad" is of historical origin and implies no connection between this event and the Olympic Games.
The next Chess Olympiad will be held in 2014 in Norway.[source?]
Open section
[change | change source]| Year | Event | Location | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1927 | 1st Chess Olympiad | Hungary 40 | Denmark 38.5 | England 36.5 | |
| 1928 | 2nd Chess Olympiad | Hungary 44 | USA 39.5 | Poland 37 | |
| 1930 | 3rd Chess Olympiad | Poland 48.5 | Hungary 47 | Germany 44.5 | |
| 1931 | 4th Chess Olympiad | USA 48 | Poland 47 | Czechoslovakia 46.5 | |
| 1933 | 5th Chess Olympiad | USA 39 | Czechoslovakia 37.5 | Sweden 34 | |
| 1935 | 6th Chess Olympiad | USA 54 | Sweden 52.5 | Poland 52 | |
| 1936 | non-FIDE unofficial Chess Olympiad * | Hungary 110.5 | Poland 108 | Germany 106.5 | |
| 1937 | 7th Chess Olympiad | USA 54.5 | Hungary 48.5 | Poland 47 | |
| 1939 | 8th Chess Olympiad | Germany 36 | Poland 35.5 | Estonia 33.5 | |
| 1950 | 9th Chess Olympiad | Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia | Yugoslavia 45.5 | Argentina 43.5 | W. Germany 40.5 |
| 1952 | 10th Chess Olympiad | USSR 21 | Argentina 19.5 | Yugoslavia 19 | |
| 1954 | 11th Chess Olympiad | USSR 34 | Argentina 27 | Yugoslavia 26.5 | |
| 1956 | 12th Chess Olympiad | Moscow, Soviet Union | USSR 31 | Yugoslavia 26.5 | Hungary 26.5 |
| 1958 | 13th Chess Olympiad | USSR 34.5 | Yugoslavia 29 | Argentina 25.5 | |
| 1960 | 14th Chess Olympiad | USSR 34 | USA 29 | Yugoslavia 27 | |
| 1962 | 15th Chess Olympiad | USSR 31.5 | Yugoslavia 28 | Argentina 26 | |
| 1964 | 16th Chess Olympiad | USSR 36.5 | Yugoslavia 32 | W. Germany 30.5 | |
| 1966 | 17th Chess Olympiad | USSR 39.5 | USA 34.5 | Hungary 33.5 | |
| 1968 | 18th Chess Olympiad | USSR 39.5 | Yugoslavia 31 | Bulgaria 30 | |
| 1970 | 19th Chess Olympiad | USSR 27.5 | Hungary 26.5 | Yugoslavia 26 | |
| 1972 | 20th Chess Olympiad | Skopje, Yugoslavia | USSR 42 | Hungary 40.5 | Yugoslavia 38 |
| 1974 | 21st Chess Olympiad | USSR 46 | Yugoslavia 37.5 | USA 36.5 | |
| 1976 | 22nd Chess Olympiad * | USA 37 | Netherlands 36.5 | England 35.5 | |
| 1978 | 23rd Chess Olympiad | Hungary 37 | USSR 36 | USA 35 | |
| 1980 | 24th Chess Olympiad | USSR 39 | Hungary 39 | USA 35 | |
| 1982 | 25th Chess Olympiad | USSR 42.5 | Czechoslovakia 36 | USA 35 | |
| 1984 | 26th Chess Olympiad | USSR 41 | England 37 | USA 35 | |
| 1986 | 27th Chess Olympiad | USSR 40 | England 39 | USA 38 | |
| 1988 | 28th Chess Olympiad | USSR 40.5 | England 34.5 | Netherlands 34.5 | |
| 1990 | 29th Chess Olympiad | Novi Sad, Yugoslavia | USSR 39 | USA 35.5 | England 35.5 |
| 1992 | 30th Chess Olympiad | Russia 39 | Uzbekistan 35 | Armenia 34.5 | |
| 1994 | 31st Chess Olympiad | Russia 37.5 | Bosnia/Herzegovina 35 | Russia II 34.5 | |
| 1996 | 32nd Chess Olympiad | Russia 38.5 | Ukraine 35 | USA 34 | |
| 1998 | 33rd Chess Olympiad | Russia 35.5 | USA 34.5 | Ukraine 32.5 | |
| 2000 | 34th Chess Olympiad | Russia 38 | Germany 37 | Ukraine 35.5 | |
| 2002 | 35th Chess Olympiad | Russia 38.5 | Hungary 37.5 | Armenia 35 | |
| 2004 | 36th Chess Olympiad | Ukraine 39.5 | Russia 36.5 | Armenia 36.5 | |
| 2006 | 37th Chess Olympiad | Armenia 36 | China 34 | USA 33 | |
| 2008 | 38th Chess Olympiad | Armenia 19 | Israel 18 | USA 17 | |
| 2010 | 39th Chess Olympiad | Ukraine 19 | Russia 18 | Israel 17 | |
| 2012 | 40th Chess Olympiad |
* In 1936 FIDE refused its approval on grounds of Nazi anti-semitism; however, the organisers accepted Jewish players, and many did play in the event.[12]
* In 1976 the USSR and other communist countries did not compete for political reasons.
References
[change | change source]- ↑ There is another world championship for chess teams run by FIDE, but it is not open. In 2010 FIDE chose the five strongest teams, and pitched them against five much weaker teams. The basis for this decision has not been explained. [1]
- ↑ List of Chess Olympida
- ↑ Reuben, Stewart 2005. The chess organiser's handbook. 3rd ed, incorporating the 2005 FIDE laws of chess. Chapter 9 Swiss pairing systems.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Recognized Sports of the International Olympic Committee International Olympic Committee official website. Retrieved 2 May 2008.
- ↑ International Federation (IF) for chess. International Olympic Committee official website. Retrieved 2 May 2008.
- ↑ FIDE - Uniting the Chess World FIDE Official website. Retrieved 2 May 2008.
- ↑ ARISF Members Association of Recognized IOC International Sports Federation. Retrieved 2 May 2008.
- ↑ Complete FIDE Anti-Doping Documents FIDE official website. Retrieved 2 May 2008.
- ↑ Controversy over FIDE doping check ChessBase.com Retrieved 2 May 2008.
- ↑ The Insanity of drug testing in chess Archived 2012-06-23 at the Wayback Machine by Jeremy Silman Retrieved 2 May 2008.
- ↑ Chess Olympiad in Dresden 2008 Archived 2013-10-31 at the Wayback Machine chinaorbit.com Retrieved 2 May 2008.
- ↑ Edward Winter: The 1936 Munich Chess Olympiad