François Duvalier

François Duvalier
François Duvalier
	Duvalier in 1968
32nd President of Haiti
	In office; 22 October 1957 – 21 April 1971
Preceded by	Antonio Thrasybule Kébreau (Chairman of the Military Council)
Succeeded by	Jean-Claude Duvalier
Minister of Public Health and Labor
	In office; 14 October 1949 – 10 May 1950
President	Dumarsais Estimé
Preceded by	Antonio Vieux (Public Health); Louis Bazin (Labor)
Succeeded by	Joseph Loubeau (Public Health); Emile Saint-Lot (Labor)
Undersecretary of Labor
	In office; 26 November 1948 – 14 October 1949
President	Dumarsais Estimé
Personal details
Born	14 April 1907; Port-au-Prince, Haiti
Died	21 April 1971 (aged 64); Port-au-Prince, Haiti
Political party	National Unity Party
Spouse(s)	Simone Duvalier (m. 1939)
Children	Marie‑Denise Duvalier ; Nicole Duvalier ; Simone Duvalier ; Jean-Claude Duvalier
Alma mater	University of Haiti (MD)
Occupation	Physician

François Duvalier (14 April 1907 – 21 April 1971), known as "Papa Doc" because he was once a doctor, was the President (dictator) and Head of State of Haiti from 1957 until his death.^[3] He was excommunicated from the Catholic Church for expelling foreign-born bishops.

Like many rulers of Haiti, he was called "President for Life". His widow was Simone Duvalier. When he died their son, Jean-Claude Duvalier, called "Baby Doc", became President.^[3]

He was born and died at Port-au-Prince, Haiti. He died of diabetes and heart disease.

References

↑ Fatton, Robert, Jr. (2013). "Michel-Rolph Trouillot's State Against Nation: A Critique of the Totalitarian Paradigm". Small Axe. 17 (3&#8239, 42): 208. doi:10.1215/07990537-2379009. ISSN 1534-6714. S2CID 144548346. In 1963, Duvalier created the Parti de l'unité nationale—PUN (National Unity Party)—to constitute a single-party system. . . . the existence of a single party as one of the defining characteristics of the totalitarian nature of Duvalierism . . . the party had a thoroughly inconsequential role in the Duvalierist system.{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ Lacey, Marc (23 March 2008). "Haiti's Poverty Stirs Nostalgia for Old Ghosts". New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 14 September 2015.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 "François Duvalier Biography". notablebiographies.com. Retrieved 4 January 2011.

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[Fatton_2013-1] Fatton, Robert, Jr. (2013). "Michel-Rolph Trouillot's State Against Nation: A Critique of the Totalitarian Paradigm". Small Axe. 17 (3&#8239, 42): 208. doi:10.1215/07990537-2379009. ISSN 1534-6714. S2CID 144548346. In 1963, Duvalier created the Parti de l'unité nationale—PUN (National Unity Party)—to constitute a single-party system. . . . the existence of a single party as one of the defining characteristics of the totalitarian nature of Duvalierism . . . the party had a thoroughly inconsequential role in the Duvalierist system.{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[Lacey_2008-2] Lacey, Marc (23 March 2008). "Haiti's Poverty Stirs Nostalgia for Old Ghosts". New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 14 September 2015.

[nb-3] 3.0 ^3.1 "François Duvalier Biography". notablebiographies.com. Retrieved 4 January 2011.

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